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Binturong

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Binturong
In the Zoo Parc Overloon, the Netherlands
Scientific classification edit
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Arctictis
Species:
Template:Taxonomy/ArctictisA. binturong[2]
Binomial name
Template:Taxonomy/ArctictisArctictis binturong[3]
(Raffles, 1822)
Binturong range
Binturong
In the Zoo Parc Overloon, the Netherlands
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Viverridae
Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
Genus: Arctictis



Temminck, 1824
Species:
A. binturong[5]
Binomial name
Arctictis binturong[6]



(Raffles, 1822)
Binturong range

The binturong (Arctictis binturong) (/bɪnˈtjʊərɒŋ, ˈbɪntjʊrɒŋ/, bin-TURE-ong, BIN-ture-ong), makwaara dị ka bearcat bụ nwa afọ viverrid na South na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.  Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ọtụtụ ebe ya, a tụlekwara ya dị ka onye na-adịghị ike na Ndepụta Red IUCN n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agbadata, nke a na-eche na ọ gbadara opekata mpe 30% kemgbe etiti 1980.[7] Binturong bụ naanị ụdị dị na ụdị Arctictis.

Okwu mmalite

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Binturong" bụ aha ya na Borneo, nke metụtara Western Malayo-Polynesian mgbọrọgwụ "ma-tuRun".[8] Na Riau, a na-akpọ ya 'benturong' na 'tenturun'.[9] Aha sayensị Arctictis pụtara 'bear-weasel', site na Greek arkt- 'bear' + iktis 'weasel'.[10]

Nchịkọta

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Viverra binturong bụ aha sayensị nke Thomas Stamford Raffles tụpụtara na 1822 maka ihe nlere sitere na Malacca.[11] Coenraad Jacob Temminck chepụtara aha Arctictis na 1824.[12] Arctictis bụ monotypic taxon; ọdịdị ya yiri nke ndị otu Paradoxurus na Paguma.[13]

Na narị afọ nke 19 na 20, a kọwara ụdị anụmanụ ndị a[14]

  • Paradoxurus albifrons nke Frédéric Cuvier chepụtara na 1822 dabeere na eserese nke binturong si Bhutan nke Alfred Duvaucel kwadebere.[15]
  • Arctictis penicillata nke Temminck na 1835 bụ ụdị sitere na Sumatra na Java.[16]
  • <i id="mwVQ">Arctictis whitei</i> nke Joel Asaph Allen chepụtara na 1910 bụ akpụkpọ anụ nke ụmụ nwanyị abụọ binturongs anakọtara na Palawan Island na Philippines.[17]
  • Arctictis pageli nke Ernst Schwarz chepụtara na 1911 bụ akpụkpọ na okpokoro isi nke nwanyị anakọtara n'ebe ugwu Borneo.[18]
  • Arctictis gairdneri nke Oldfield Thomas chepụtara na 1916 bụ okpokoro isi nke nwoke binturong anakọtara na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Thailand.[19]
  • Arctictis niasensis nke Marcus Ward Lyon Jr. chepụtara na 1916 bụ akpụkpọ binturong sitere na Nias Island.[20]
  • A. b. kerkhoveni nke Henri Jacob Victor Sody na 1936 dabeere na ụdị sitere na Bangka Island.[21]
  • A. b. menglaensis nke Wang na Li na 1987 dabeere na ụdị sitere na Yunnan Province na China.[22]

A matala ụdị itoolu na-emepụta clades abụọ. Ebe ugwu nke dị n'ala Eshia kewara site na Sundaic site na Isthmus nke Kra.[23]

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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Okpokoro isi na ezé nke binturong, dị ka e gosipụtara na Paul Gervais' Histoire naturelle des mammifères
Ọkpụkpụ Binturong na-egosi na Museum of Osteology

Binturong dị ogologo ma dị arọ, nwere ụkwụ dị mkpụmkpụ ma sie ike.  O nwere akwa mkpuchi nke ntutu isi ojii na-enweghị isi.  Ọdụ ohia na prehensile dị na mgbọrọgwụ, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akụ ya, ma na-abata n'ime n'ọnụ ọnụ.  Ihe mkpuchi ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ na nke tụrụ atụ, gbagoro ntakịrị na imi, wee kpuchie ya na ntutu na-egbuke egbuke, na-acha aja aja na isi ihe, na-agbatị ogologo ka ha na-atụgharị, ma na-etolite okirikiri pụrụ iche na-egbuke egbuke gburugburu ihu.  Anya buru ibu, oji na ama ama.  Ntị ndị ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, gbakọrọ gburugburu, agba ya na-acha ọcha, ma kwụsị site na tufts nke ntutu ojii.  Enwere mkpịrịkpa isii dị mkpụmkpụ gbara gburugburu n'agba nke ọ bụla, mkpọ abụọ, nke toro ogologo ma dịkwa nkọ, na molar isii n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla.  Ntutu dị n'ụkwụ dị mkpụmkpụ na nke na-acha odo odo.  Ụkwụ ndị ahụ bụ mkpịsị ụkwụ ise, nwere nnukwu aka siri ike;  ọbụ ụkwụ ndị ahụ bụ ihe efu, ma bụrụ ihe ọkụkụ: etinyere n'ala n'ogologo ogologo ha dum;  ndi-ikpe-azu di ogologo kari ndi nke mbu.[24]

N'ozuzu, wuo binturong dị ka Paradoxurus na Paguma, mana ọ ka ukwuu n'ogologo ọdụ, ụkwụ na ụkwụ, na nhazi nke glands na-esi ísì ụtọ na nnukwu rhinarium, nke na-enwekwu mgbagwoju anya na oghere etiti dị ukwuu.  dị warara n'elu philtrum.  Ajị contour nke uwe ahụ na-adị ogologo ogologo ma na-adịchaghị njọ, na ogologo ntutu isi ndị ahụ na-eyikwa azụ ntị dum na-arụ ọrụ gafere ọnụ ọnụ dị ka tuft doro anya.  Mpịaji ihu ihu nke ntị na-agbasawanye ma na-adịchaghị nke ọma.  Ọdụ ahụ na-enwekwu muscular, karịsịa na ala, na na agba n'ozuzu dị ka ahụ, ma na-adịkarị paler na isi n'okpuru.  Ajị anụ ahụ na-abụkarị nke na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ buff, na-enye ọdịdị speckled na pelage, mgbe ụfọdụ na-achacha acha nke na ahụ dum na-abụkarị ahịhịa ahịhịa ma ọ bụ isi awọ, ndị na-eto eto na-abụkarị n'ihe omume niile na-acha odo odo karịa ndị okenye, mana isi na-adị mgbe niile.  nke nwere isi awọ ma ọ bụ buff spicked chiri anya.  Ogologo mystacial vibrissae na-acha ọcha nke ọma, ma enwere rim na-acha ọcha n'elu elu nke ntị ojii ọzọ.  Mpaghara glandular na-acha ọcha.[25]

Ọdụ ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ogologo dị ka isi na ahụ, nke dị site na 71 ruo 84 (28 ruo 33 in); ọdụ ya dị 66 ruo 69 cm (26 ruo 27 in) ogologo.[26] Ụfọdụ binturongs a dọtara n'agha tụrụ site na 75 ruo 90 cm (30 ruo 35 in) na ahụ na ọdụ nke 71 cm (2 in).[27] Nkezi ịdị arọ nke ụmụ nwanyị toro eto bụ 21.9 (48 lb) na ihe dị iche site na 11 ruo 32 kilogram (24 ruo 71 ). Anụmanụ ndị a dọtara n'agha na-adịkarị arọ karịa ndị ibe ha n'ọhịa. A chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị 12 a dọtara na-adị arọ nke 24.4 (54 lb) ebe ụmụ nwoke 22 dị arọ nke 19.3 kilogram (43 ).[28][29] Nnyocha e mere atụmatụ na ịdị arọ nke ụmụ nwanyị ọhịa n'otu nnyocha bụ 10.5 kilogram (23 ).[28] Otú ọ dị, a chọpụtara na ụmụ nwoke asaa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na Thailand dị arọ nke 13.3 (29 lb), ebe otu nwanyị nwere ịdị arọ yiri ya na 13.5 kilogram (30 ).[30] Otu atụmatụ nke ịdị arọ nke ahụ nke binturongs ọhịa bụ 15 kg (33 ).[31]

Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere gland na-esi ísì ụtọ; ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke vulva, na ụmụ nwoke n'etiti scrotum na penis.[32][33] Gland musk na-ewepụta ísì na-echetara popcorn ma ọ bụ ọka, ma eleghị anya n'ihi 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline na-agbaze agbaze na mamịrị, nke a na-emepụta na mmeghachi omume Maillard na okpomọkụ dị elu.[34] N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ anụ ndị ọzọ na-eri anụ, binturong nke nwoke enweghị baculum.[35]

  1. ↑ Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41690A45217088.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Templeeti:MSW3 Wozencraft
  3. ↑ Templeeti:MSW3 Wozencraft
  4. ↑ Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41690A45217088.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  5. ↑ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005).
  6. ↑ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Arctictis binturong". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  7. ↑ Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41690A45217088.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  8. ↑ Smith, A.D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.
  9. ↑ Wilkinson, R.J. (1901). "tenturun". A Malay-English dictionary. Hongkong, Shanghai and Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Limited. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  10. ↑ Scherren, H. (1902). "arc-tic-tis". The Encyclopædic Dictionary. London: Cassell and Company. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  11. ↑ Raffles, T. S. (1822). "XVII. Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection, made on account of the Honourable East India Company, in the Island of Sumatra and its Vicinity, under the Direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough, with additional Notices illustrative of the Natural History of those Countries". The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. XIII: 239–274.
  12. ↑ Temminck, C. J. (1824). "XVII Genre Arctictis". Monographies de mammalogie. Paris: Dufour & d'Ocagne. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  13. ↑ Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Genus Arctictis Temminck". The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 431–439. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  14. ↑ Ellerman, J. R. (1966). "Genus Arctictis. Temminck, 1824". Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 (Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  15. ↑ Cuvier, F. (1822). "Benturong". In Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. (ed.). Histoire naturelle des mammifères : avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'aprèsdes animaux vivans. Paris: A. Belin. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  16. ↑ Temminck, C. J. (1835). "Arcticte Binturong – Arctictis binturong". Monographies de Mammalogie. Paris, Leiden: Dufour, Van der Hoek. pp. 308–311. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  17. ↑ Allen, J. A. (1910). "Mammals from Palawan Island, Philippine Islands" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 13–17. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
  18. ↑ Schwarz, E. (1911). "Seven new Asiatic mammals with Note on the Viverra fasciata of Gmelin". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 7 (37): 634–640. doi:10.1080/00222931108692986.
  19. ↑ Thomas, O. (1916). "A new Binturong from Siam". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 17 (99): 270–271. doi:10.1080/00222931508693780.
  20. ↑ Lyon, M. W. Jr. (1916). "Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the chain of islands lying off the western coast of Sumatra, with descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 52 (2188): 437–462. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.52-2188.437.
  21. ↑ Sody, H. J. V. (1937). On the mammals of Banka. Leiden: Brill.
  22. ↑ Cosson, L. (2007). "Genetic diversity of captive binturongs (Arctictis binturong, Viverridae, Carnivora): implications for conservation" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 271 (4): 386–395. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00209.x.
  23. ↑ Cosson, L. (2007). "Genetic diversity of captive binturongs (Arctictis binturong, Viverridae, Carnivora): implications for conservation" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 271 (4): 386–395. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00209.x.Cosson, L.; Grassman, L. L.; Zubaid, A.; Vellayan, S.; Tillier, A.; Veron, G. (2007).
  24. ↑ Raffles, T. S. (1822). "XVII. Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection, made on account of the Honourable East India Company, in the Island of Sumatra and its Vicinity, under the Direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough, with additional Notices illustrative of the Natural History of those Countries". The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. XIII: 239–274.Raffles, T. S. (1822).
  25. ↑ Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Genus Arctictis Temminck". The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 431–439. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)Pocock, R. I. (1939).
  26. ↑ Blanford, W. T. (1888–91). "57. Arctictis binturong". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 117–119. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  27. ↑ Arivazhagan, C. (2001). "Studies on the Binturongs (Arctictis binturong) in captivity at the Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur". Zoos' Print Journal. 16 (1): 395–402. doi:10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.16.1.395-402.
  28. 1 2 Wemmer, C. (1981). "Copulatory behavior and reproduction in the Binturong, Arctictis binturong". Journal of Mammalogy. 62 (2): 342–352. doi:10.2307/1380710.
  29. ↑ Moresco, A. (2003). "Medetomidine–ketamine–butorphanol anesthetic combinations in binturongs (Arctictis binturong)". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 34 (4): 346–351. doi:10.1638/03-016. PMID 15077709.
  30. ↑ Grassman, L. I. (2006). "'Chemical immobilization of free-ranging dhole (Cuon alpinus), binturong (Arctictis binturong), and yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) in Thailand". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 52 (4): 297–300. doi:10.1007/s10344-006-0040-8.
  31. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  32. ↑ Story, H. E. (1945). "The external genitalia and perfume gland in Arctictis binturong". Journal of Mammalogy. 26 (1): 64–66. doi:10.2307/1375032.
  33. ↑ Kleiman, D. G. (1974). "Scent marking in the binturong, Arctictis binturong" (PDF). Journal of Mammalogy. 55 (1): 224–227. doi:10.2307/1379278. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  34. ↑ Greene, L. K. (2016). "Reproductive endocrine patterns and volatile urinary compounds of Arctictis binturong: discovering why bearcats smell like popcorn". The Science of Nature. 103 (5–6): 37. doi:10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4. PMID 27056047.
  35. ↑ Schultz, N. G. (2016). "The baculum was gained and lost multiple times during mammalian evolution". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 56 (4): 644–656. doi:10.1093/icb/icw034. PMID 27252214.
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