Blackwater (coal)
Blackwater bụ ụdị mmetọ a na-emepụta na nkwadebe coal.[1][2] N'ime ime ka ọ dị ọcha, a na-egbutu coal n'ụlọ ọrụ na-akwadebe coal wee kewaa ya ma buru ya dị ka slurry coal, Site na slurry, a na'iwepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị agba ọkụ ma nwee ike ịhazi coal. MMgbe mgbake nke coal ahụ site na slurry a, mmiri fọdụrụnụ bụ oji, nwere ezigbo ahụ nke coal. Enweghị ike ịhazi mmiri ojii a n'ebe a na-edozi mmiri.?]
Ọdachi Ndị Ọdachi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbochi maka nchekwa nke mmiri ojii na ihe mkpofu coal ndị ọzọ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme na-enwe nsogbu na-enwekarị nnukwu nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi.i.
N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1972, a tọhapụrụ ihe mgbochi mmiri atọ na-ejide ngwakọta nke coal slurry na Logan County, West Virginia n'usoro: US gallons Otu narị nde na iri atọ (490,000 m3) nke mmiri na-egbu egbu na Buffalo Creek Flood. Dị ka a tụlere n'akwụkwọ The Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man, n'ime mmadụ 5,000, mmadụ 125 nwụrụ, 1,121 merụrụ ahụ, na ihe karịrị Puku anọ enweghị ebe obibi. Idei mmiri ahụ kpatara mmebi nde dollar iri ise. N'agbanyeghị ihe akaebe nke ileghara anya, ụlọ ọrụ Pittston Coal Company, nke nwere mmiri ahụ, kpọrọ ihe omume ahụ "Omume Chineke".[3]
N'afọ 2002, ndagwurugwu dị mita 900 (270 ) n'ịdị elu, mita puku abuo (610 m) n"ogologo jupụtara na Lyburn, West Virginia dara ma gbadaa n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'akụkụ mkpịsị ụkwụ nke jupụtara, na-emepụta nnukwu ebili mmiri na sediment nke bibiri ọtụtụ ụgbọala na ụlọ.[4]
Ọdachi ndị ọzọ na-eme mkparị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Iju Mmiri nke Buffalo Creek
- Ọdachi Aberfan
- Mmiri na-awụfu na Martin County
- Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill
- Ọdọ Mmiri Little Blue Run
Nkà na ụzụ ọdịnihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ngwọta kachasị maka nsogbu mmiri ojii bụ ịhazi coal na-enweghị iji mmiri. Nkà na ụzụ nkewa mmiri dị otú ahụ na-emepe emepe.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Fitz Patrick (1981). "Modelling and Control of Blackwater Treatment in Coal Preparation". Separation Science and Technology 16 (10): 1633–1666. DOI:10.1080/01496398108058319.
- ↑ Rey (1983-04-29). "Control of blackwater in coal preparation plant recycle and discharge. Open file report Oct 79 – Sep 82 (final)".
- ↑ Environmental Justice Case Study: Buffalo Creek Disaster. Retrieved on October 10, 2006.
- ↑ Massey Valley Fill Disaster, Lyburn, WV (2002-07-19). Retrieved on April 3, 2005.
Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ahụike Ọha & Coal Slurry > Coal Slumry ::: Njem Up Coal River
- Mmetọ coal na ikuku Union of Concerned Scientists
- Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Akụkọ nke Black Water Task Force. Rep. Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Nchebe Ọha, 2005. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ 27 Jenụwarị 2013.
- Hales, Simon, J. Gohlke, A. Pruess-Ustun, D. Campbell-Lendrum, na A. Woodward. "Mitigation nke Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbelata nwere ike ime na mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmetọ ikuku site na Coal Fired Power Station". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6.58 (2009): 582014. Mbipụta.
- King, A. J., Tonkin, Z., na Lieshcke, J. (2012). Mmetụta dị mkpirikpi nke ihe omume mmiri ojii na-adịte aka na anụmanụ mmiri na Osimiri Murray, Australia: nchebara echiche maka ihe omume n'ọdịnihu. Nnyocha Mmiri na Mmiri Dị Mmiri 63, 576 Xi 586.
- Orem, Williams. Research Geochemist, USGS. Coal Slurry: Geochemistry na Mmetụta na Ahụike Mmadụ na Ọnọdụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi.
- Ryan, Barry, Ross Leeder, John T. Price, na John F. Gransden. "Mmetụta nke nkwadebe coal na ogo nke coal na coke dị ọcha". Nabata na US Petabox. British Columbia Geological Survey, n.d. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ 27 Jenụwarị 2013.
- "Ojiji nke Coal." Òtù World Coal. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Web. 28 Jenụwarị 2013.