Bokkoms

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Bokkoms
obere ụdị nkecured fish Dezie
mba osiSouth Africa Dezie
Bokkom ha

  Bokkoms (ma ọ bụ Bokkems) bụ mullet zuru oke, nnu na nke akpịrị kpọrọ nkụ (karịsịa Southern mullet, Chelon richardsonii, ụdị azụ a maara na mgbaghara odida anyanwu no na Cape Town nke South Africa dị ka "ndị siri ike"), ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama na mpaghara West Coast nke South Afrịka.[1][2] A na-eme ka azụ̀ a na-atọ nnu kpọọ nkụ n'anyanwụ na ifufe ma rie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị akpụkpọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-ese ya. A na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ "fish biltong".

Mmalite nke okwu ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu bokkom sitere na okwu Dutch bokkem, nke bụ ụdị okwu bokking (ma ọ bụ buckinc na Middle Dutch).[3] Okwu bokking sitere na okwu bok (okwu Dutch maka buck ma ọ bụ ewu) ma na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na bokkoms na-echetara ewu, n'ihi na bokkom nwere otu ọdịdị dị ka mpi ewu, siri ike dị ka mpi goat, ma na-esi ísì dị ka mpi nke ewu (ego nwere gland na-esi ụtọ n'azụ mpi ha nke na-eme ka ísì).[3] Ihe ndekọ mbụ nke ojiji nke okwu ahụ n'asụsụ Afrikaans nke South Africa bụ na Patriot Eventboek na afo 1902 n'ụdị bokkom.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1658, naanị afọ isii mgbe ndị Europe biri na Cape of Good Hope, e nyere ndị obodo anọ nweere onwe ha ikike ibi na Saldanha Bay na West Coast nke Southern Africa. E nyere ha ikike site na Dutch East India Company igbu azụ na mmiri nke Saldanha Bay ma zipụ ha n'ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Cape of Good Hope, ka a ree ha ndị ọzọ nakwa ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe na Table Bay. Ha nwere naanị ikike ịkụ azụ na-enye ego ruo 1711. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ndị e jidere ga-ebute n'ụdị nnu na nke kpọrọ nkụ, nke bụ mmalite nke bokkoms na South Africa. [citation needed]

Nkwadebe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe ndị a na-etinye maka bokkoms nwere obere (onye na-eto eto) mullet (azụ̀), nnu siri ike na mmiri dị ọcha. Ụzọ mbụ nke West Coast nke ịkwadebe bokkoms na-amalite site na ijide obere (ndị na-eto eto) mullets (nke a na-akpọ "harders" na Afrikaans). A na-eji brik ma ọ bụ nkume rụọ nnukwu tankị square nke e ji osisi pickle siri ike mee ihe dị ka kilogram 50 nke nnu na mmiri dị ọcha, nke a na-agbakwunye azụ. Ozugbo agbakwunyere azụ zuru ezu iji ruo n'elu tankị ahụ, a na-agbasa spades abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ jupụtara na nnu kpọrọ nkụ n'elu azụ ahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-etinye ọtụtụ azụ na nnu n'elu ruo mgbe a ga-ekpuchi azụ niile na nnu. A na-agbakwunye nnu dị arọ n'elu. A na-ahapụ nke a maka otu ụbọchị. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, a na-etinye ígwè obibi akwụkwọ e ji osisi mee nke nwere ihe dị arọ n'elu, n'elu azụ ahụ dị na tankị ahụ. Ebumnuche nke obibi akwụkwọ bụ iji hụ na a na-agbanye eriri afọ azụ ahụ ka ọ ghara imebi. Mgbe ụbọchị nke atọ n'ime tankị ahụ gasịrị, a na-ewepụta azụ ahụ ma tinye ya n'ìgwè azụ 10 ruo 25 nke ọ bụla n'otu eriri, na-eji agịga azụ nke a na ebugharị n'anya azụ ahụ. A na-etinye ụyọkọ ahụ ugboro abụọ ruo atọ n'ime mmiri dị ọcha, tupu a kwụnye ha n'elu ihe mkpuchi iji kpọọ nkụ.

Ịkpọ nkụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka ịcha bụ ọtụtụ ifufe na ọ bụghị oke ìhè anyanwụ. N'abalị, a na-ebute azụ ahụ n'okpuru ụlọ iji gbochie ya ịdọrọ na mmiri, n'echi ya, a na èzí ya ọzọ ka ọ kwụ n'anwụ. Usoro ịcha mmiri dum na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị ise. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị mmadụ malitere iji "ọkụ" na-akpọ nwụ. Nke a nwere ọnụ ụlọ mechiri emechi nke nwere fan eletrik, ebe a na-akwụnye azụ ahụ. Onye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebu ikuku na ekpomọkụ n'ime ụlọ. Nke a na-eme ka usoro ịcha dị mfe nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ebuga azụ n'ime ụlọ kwa mgbede. Nke a na-enyemaka ohere ka a kpọọ nkụ n'oge ọnwa oyi na-ekpo ọkụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ bokkom[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Bokkoms bụ nri dị ụtọ nke dị na Western Cape nke South Africa, na karịsịa West Coast. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ahịa dị mkpa na Western Cape (ebe ọ na-ewu ewu ma nwee ike ịchọta ya na họtel, ụlọ mmanya, ụlọ ahịa karama (na UK: ezumike), ụlọ ahịa azụ na kiosks n'ụsọ osimiri na ebe ezumike), ọ nweghị ike ịghọ ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ ka ukwuu nke ebe a na-egbu anụ na ndịda Afrịka, azụ na ụlọ ahịa nri dị ka biltong nwere. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị maka ịnye iwu na mbupu site na ịntanetị na usoro ikuku.[4]

E nwere ụlọ ọrụ bokkom siri ike na "isi obodo bokkom" nke ụwa, Velddrif, na West Coast nke South Africa.[5] A na-emepụta ihe dị ka 95% nke bokkoms nke South Africa na Velddrif, n'usoro obere ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ osimiri Berg.[5] Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla nwere obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ya n'osimiri n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. N'oge gara aga, e jidere nnukwu ìgwè mullet n'osimiri ahụ ma jiri jetties mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-eke "bakkies" (obere ụgbọ mmiri) nke ndị ọkụ azụ iji wepụ ihe ha jidere. N'ihi oke igbu azụ, a machibidoro ijide mullet n'osimiri ahụ ugbu a ma a ghaghị ijide ya n'oké osimiri dị nso na Laaiplek.[5]

Velddrif bụ ebe dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ bokkom. Ọ nwere ike ịnweta mullet dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ọnọdụ ihu igwe ya dị mma maka ịcha azụ (oge ọkọchị na mmiri ozuzo dị ala), ọ nwekwara ike ịnweta nnukwu nnu n'oké osimiri ka mmiri ozuzo na-ebugharị oké osimiri n'elu nnukwu nnu (ụlọ ọrụ nnu kachasị ukwuu na South Africa ebe a na-ewepụta nnu na mmiri oké osimiri, ụlọ ọrụ nnu Cerebos, dịkwa n'ebe ahụ).[5] O nwekwara ike ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha n'ụdị osimiri Berg. Ya mere, ọ bụghị ihe na-emetụta na ụlọ ọrụ bokkom malitere ma ka na-anọgide na Velddrif. "Bokkomlaan" a ma ama (Bokkom avenue) n'akụkụ osimiri Berg na Velddrif bụ ebe ndị njem nleta nwere ike ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke bokkoms na-agbanye n'ìgwè n'ahịrị nke ahịhịa ahịhịrị n'akụkụ ụzọ.

Iri nri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Bokkoms bụ nri pụrụ iche, ọdịnala ọdịnala nke West Coast nke South Africa. A na-eji mmanya ọcha, ma ọ bụ achịcha, apricot jam na kọfị ojii, ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na ofe na spaghetti, tapenades, ragout ma ọ bụ dịka ịta n'onwe ya.[6][7][8][9]

Nchegbu banyere gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwere nchegbu banyere mbelata azụ na West Coast nke South Africa. Southern mullet dị na ndepụta oroma nke WWF Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI) dị ka ụdị na-adịghị adịgide adịgide.[10][11] Ìgwè a na-agụnye ụdị ndị nwere ihe ndị metụtara nchegbu, ma ọ bụ n'ihi na ụdị ahụ agwụla n'ihi oke igbu azụ ma ghara ịnọgide na-enwe nrụgide ịkụ azụ ugbu a, ma ọ bụkwa n'ihi n'ihi ịkụ azụ ma ọ bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi na / ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nke ụdị ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị ike na nrụgide ịkụ azụ̀ dị elu. Ndị na-egbu azụ na ndị na-ere ahịa nwere ike ire ụdị ndị a n'ụzọ iwu. Otú ọ dị, ịrị elu nke ọchịchọ maka ndị a nwere ike imebi nnyefe na-adịgide adịgide.

N'omenala a ma ama[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-eji okwu bokkoms eme ihe n'asụsụ Afrikaans ma ọ dịkarịa ala ilu atọ:

  1. Iji zoo aka na onye na-agwụ ike, nke na-agbasi ike, nke a na-agụghị ike, ya bụ "osisi ochie kpọrọ nkụ", na ahịrịokwu "Ọ bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị ka a sụgharịrị "bokkem kpọrọ nkụ").[1]
  2. Iji zoo aka na onye na-enweghị ike, na-enweghị ikike ịrụ ọrụ ya nke ọma, na-enweghị ike ime ihe kachasị mfe, na ahịrịokwu "hy kan nie bokkom braai nie" (nke a sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị "ọ nweghị ike isi nri bokkom").[12]
  3. Iji zoo aka na onye dị nnọọ gịrịgịrị ma dị gịrịgharị, na ahịrịokwu "ọ bụ ezigbo bokkom en biltong, maar min vir die jakkalse" (nke a sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị "ọ bụ naanị bokkom na biltong, mana ọ bụghị ihe dị ukwuu maka nkịta ọhịa").[12]

A na-ejikwa ya mee ihe dị ka aha maka otu ezinụlọ nke osisi nwere mkpụrụ osisi dị nkọ a hụrụ na South Africa. A na-akpọ osisi ndị a bokkoms n'asụsụ Afrikaans n'ihi na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ yiri bokkoms, ísì ha na-adịghị mma na-echetara ísì azụ siri ike nke bokkoms.[3]

Ntụnyere na nri ndị yiri ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Bokkoms yiri herring kpọrọ nkụ, yana bloaters, kippers na buckling. Bloaters (azụ̀ dum), kippers (nkewa) na buckling (isi na eriri afọ wepụrụ) niile na-eme ka nnu dị nro ma na-ese siga maka obere oge. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro maka ime bokkoms nwere ike isi na usoro Europe nke ime herring kpọrọ nkụ, bokkoms na-eji ụdị azụ dị iche iche (mullet) ma ha anaghị eji sịga eme ihe mgbe niile na nkwadebe nke nri dị ụtọ.

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

Nri ndị yiri ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nri ndị yiri bokkom gụnyere:

  • dried herring – Forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae
  • bloaters
  • kippers
  • buckling
  • dried snoek (snook)
  • azụ̀ ndị a mịrị amị
  • shark biltong

Isiokwu ndị metụtara ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta nri a mịrị amị
  • Ndepụta nri a na-ese siga

Ihe edeturu na ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 HAT – Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, 5de Uitgawe, FF Odendal & RH Gouws (redakteurs), Pearson Education South Africa, Maskew Miller Longman, 2005, p 112
  2. ↑ Southern mullet – Exhibition – Two Oceans Aquarium Cape Town, South Africa. Aquarium.co.za (18 July 2012). Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved on 30 July 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans, Buro van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Editor: GJ van Wyk, 2003
  4. ↑ The Leading Bokkom Site on the Net. BokKOM.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Accommodation in velddrif. Bokkom.co.za (9 April 2007).
  6. ↑ SA West Coast Route 27 website: https://web.archive.org/web/20130512033740/http://www.route27sa.com/velddrif.html
  7. ↑ Sardines on toast (11 August 2010). Black olive and bokkom tapenade. Food24.
  8. ↑ Gutted! (previously, Spaghetti del Mare) |. Blogs.food24.com (1 October 2010). Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
  9. ↑ Squid and prawns with bean and bokkom ragout by (Prawn, Pulses and Legumes) @FoodNetwork_UK. Foodnetwork.co.uk.
  10. ↑ Harders – Beach Seine : SEAFOOD DATABASE. Wwf Sassi.
  11. ↑ The bokkom controversy – a cautionary tale |. Blogs.food24.com (12 November 2010). Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Elektroniese WAT (Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal), Buro van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Stellenbosch : Buro van die WAT 2008

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bokkoms&oldid=122951