Chapati

Chapati (nke a na-asuru chapathi; nke a na-akpọ IAST: capātī, capāṭī, cāpāṭi), nke a ka dị ka Roti, rooti, rotee, rotli, rotta, safati, shabaati, phulka, chapo (n' Ebe Ọwụwa). Afrịka), sada roti (n'asụsụ Marathi), na roshi (n'ime Maldives), [1] bụ nna. na-eche ihe na-adịghị mma nke sitere na mpaghara India ma bụrụ ihe a na-eri na India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sribian, Sri Lanka, Africa.[2] A na-eji ntụ ọka ọka wit zuru oke a mara ka atta ebe chapatis, gwakọta ya na mmiri, nri (nhọrọ), na nnu (nhọrọ) n'ime arrịarrị a na-akpọ Parat, a na-esikwa ya na tava ( flat skillet).

^[1] Ọ bụ ihe a na-ama na mpaghara India nakwa n'etiti ndị si mba India n'ụwa niile. Ndị si n'Inya India, ndị agha ndị India na Central Asia, Ndịda Ọwụwa iwu Eshia, East Africa, na Caribbean, webatara Chapatis n'ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.

Okwu mmalite

Okwu chapati sitere n'okwu Sanskrit bụ "charpaṭī".[1] Site na sitere na Sanskrit * (charpa, "dịdị").

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Chapati bụ ụdị Roti ma ọ bụ rotta (achịcha). A na-okwu ndị ahụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na- agbanwe agbanwe. Okwu chapat (Marathi) ree "slap" ma ọ bụ "flat", na-ahụ usoro nke ọmụmụ dị gburugburu nke ntụ ọka site na ịpy ọka ọka n'etiti nkwụ aka. Site na mmetụta aka ọ àlà, a na- ntụ ọka ahụ.

A na-ahụ okwu chapati na akwụkwọ Akbar" id="mwVg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ain-i-Akbari">Ain-i-Akbari nke iche afọ nke iri na isii nke Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, vizier nke Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Chapatis bụ otu n'ime ụdị osisi ọka wit a na-ama, nri a na-eri na mpaghara India. fim ọka wit carbonized a ekirira na Mohenjo-daro bụ nke yiri ụdị ọka wit a ka na-ahụ na India. A mara Ndagwurugwu Indus dị ka otu n'ime ala nna nna nke ọka wit a mkpa.

Chapatis, tinyere rotis, bụ ndị ndị si n'akụkụ India, ọkachasị ndị ahịa India bi na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na agwaetiti Caribbean, mere ka ha mata n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.^[1]

N'afọ 1857, ọ ga-abụ na chapati keere òkè na nnupụisi Chapati Movement nke India.

Isi nri

A na- ntụ ọka na mmiri mmiri ntụ ntụ ọka Chapati, jiri aka aka nke aka mee ka ọ bụrụ aka ma hapụ ya ka ọ zuru ike ma ọ chọrọ ala 10 ma ọ bụ 15 ruo otu awa maka gluten dị na ntụ ọka. iji zuru ike. Mgbe a nwesịrị ya, ntụ ọka ahụ na-adị nro ma na-ahụkwu. A na-ahụ obere nke ntụ ọka ahụ ma tee ya ka ọ bụrụ na gburugburu nke a na-akpa n'etiti nkwụ abụọ ahụ iji ikike diski nke a na'ime ntụ ọka ma na-agba ọsọ na-agbagharị agbagharị ( a chakla), site na iji pin na-agba gburugburu nke a maara dị ka velan ma ọ bụ Belan, n'ime diski ike.[1] E ndị ndị na-ahụ roti na- aka nke na-a mmetụta anya usoro ahụ dum.^[2]

A na-atụba ntụ ọka ahụ a tụ n'elu tafụ nkụ ma sie ya n'ụdị. N'ihe ụfọdụ nke mpaghara India, a na-esi chapatis naanị n'ụdị ụfọdụ na okpu ahụ, wee sie ya kpọmkwem n'elu ire ọkụ, nke na-eme ka ha na-agbapụta. Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-esi chapati ngwa ngwa site n'ime. N'okwu ụfọdụ nke ugwu India na ụmụaka Pakistan, a na-akpọ nke a phulka. N' ndị mmụọda India, a na-akpọ ya pulka. O ike ike ịfụli elu roti kpọmkwem na tava.[1] Ozugbo esichara, a na-ahụ gbata ma ọ bụ ghee mgbọrọgwụ chapatis.[2] Na mpaghara mpaghara nke Maharashtra, a na-ahụ ike ụfọdụ n'ime ntụ ọka a tụ wee tinye ya na tava; nke a dị iche na paratha.

Chapati dayameta na ọkpụrụkpụ ya dịgasị iche site na mpaghara gaa na mpaghara. Chapatis ndị a na-eme na kichin ụlọ anaghị adịkarị karịa sentimita 15 (6 in) ruo sentimita 18 (7 in) n'obosara ebe ọ bụ na tava nke a na-eji eme ha na-abịa na nha nke dabara nke ọma na stovu ụlọ. A na-eji ụrọ na-enweghị ntụpọ eme Tavas, mana ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ígwè eme ya. Ọdịdị nke pin na-agbagharị na-adịgasị iche site na mpaghara gaa na mpaghara. Ezinụlọ ụfọdụ na-eji ihe na-arụ ọrụ na kichin dị ka ụdị bọọdụ achịcha, mana "boards" dị larịị nke e ji osisi, nkume, ma ọ bụ ígwè na-adịghị agba nchara mee dị kpọmkwem maka ịpị chapatis.^[1]

N'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mpaghara India, na ọdụ dị n'etiti chapati na mama ndị ọzọ yiri ya na mpaghara ahụ dị ka Roti, paratha, kulcha, puri na naan dabere na usoro isi nri, na ojiji nke ụdị ntụ ọka dị iche iche. ọmụmaatụ, a na-eme parathas site na ịgbasa ha na ghee, na-agbakọta ma na-aghache n'ime diski nke na-ahụ flakey ụzọ esi, ma ọ bụ radi na spinach, dal ma ọ bụ radish ma ọ bụ poteto. . A na- ntụ ọka ọka eme parathas site na iji ntụ ọka ọka wit zuru oke.^[3]

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị chapati mpaghara na India:

Paner chapati: A na-agbakwunye paneer a mịrị amị na ntụ ọka chapati a na-akpọkwa 'paneer paratha'.
Radish / mullangi chapati: A na-agbakwunye radish na turmeric ntụ na ntụ ọka na chapati na-adịkarị arọ. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-eri ya na dhabas dị n'akụkụ ụzọ n'oge ogologo njem. A na-akpọkwa ya 'mooli paratha'.
Chapati e ji akwụkwọ nri mee: A na-etinye carrot, poteto, peas, na fenugreek n'ime ofe masala. A na-ejikarị chapatis ndị a tụkọtara ọnụ, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-akwadebe ha site na iji ngwakọta nke akwụkwọ nri ha dịnụ.

Na Maldives, a na-eri chapatis maka nri ụtụtụ nri nri a mara dị ka ma huni.

^[4] Flatbreads bụ nri ndị India. Chapatis na-aga nke ọma na curries, sabzis kọrọ nkụ ma ọ bụ sabjis (iwe nri e siri na ofe), chutneys ma ọ bụ dal.

Ihe ngosi

Chapatis
A girl baking chapatis in the traditional way
Chapatis are cooked on open-flame once partly cooked on tava, which fluffs it
Freshly cooked chapatis once off open-flame
Preparing chapati with a rolling pin
Gujarati chapati, known as Rotli which is thinner
Chapati being cooked in Tamil Nadu
Chapati and Potato Curry from Kerala
Chapati served with various sides and topped with butter
Chapati cooked on open-flame after being cooked on tava

Hụkwa

Ihe odide

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kraig (2013). Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-954-7. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bruce Kraig 2013 p.124" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Roti-makers for quick and efficient preparation of rotis & pooris - Times of India. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved on 23 August 2020.
↑ Chapman (2007). India: Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine. New Holland. ISBN 978-1-84537-619-2.
↑ Vanamali (January 1993). The Taste Divine: Indian Vegetarian Cooking the Natural Way. State University of New York Press, 60. ISBN 0-7914-1188-5.

[Bruce_Kraig_2013_p.124-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kraig (2013). Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-954-7. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bruce Kraig 2013 p.124" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Roti-makers for quick and efficient preparation of rotis & pooris - Times of India. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved on 23 August 2020.

[3] Chapman (2007). India: Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine. New Holland. ISBN 978-1-84537-619-2.

[4] Vanamali (January 1993). The Taste Divine: Indian Vegetarian Cooking the Natural Way. State University of New York Press, 60. ISBN 0-7914-1188-5.

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