Clara Zetkin
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Clara Zetkin (/ˈzɛtkɪn/; German: ; née Eißner ; 5 Julaị 1857- 20 June 1933) bụ onye German Marxist theorist, onye na-ekwuchitere ndi mmadu, na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị.[1]
Tutu ruo afọ 1917, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Social Democratic Party nke Germany.[2] Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyeere Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) na akụkụ aka ekpe ya, Spartacist League. Nke a mesịrị ghọọ Communist Party of Germany (KPD), nke ọ nọchitere anya na Reichstag n'oge Weimar Republic site n'afọ 1920 ruo 1933.[1]
A mụrụ Clara Josephine Eißner (Eissner) diọkpara n'ime ụmụ atọ na Wiederau (Saxony) [de], obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo na Saxony, nke bụzi akụkụ nke obodo Königshain-Wiederau.[3] Nna ya, Gottfried Eissner, bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na onye Protestant na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ebe nne ya, Josephine Vitale, nwere mgbọrọgwụ French, sitere n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti na Leipzig ma gụọ akwụkwọ nke ọma.[3][4][5] N'afọ 1872, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Leipzig, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Leipzig Teachersī College for Women. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ya na nwa ọhụrụ Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD; Social Democratic Party) guzobere mmekọrịta.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Clara_Zetkin.jpg/220px-Clara_Zetkin.jpg)
N'ihi mmachibido iwu nke Bismarck tinyere na ọrụ ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Germany n'afọ 1878, Zetkin gara Zurich n'afọ 1882 wee gaa biri na Paris, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ịbụ onye nta akụkọ na onye ntụgharị. N'oge ọ nọ na Paris, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ntọala nke otu Socialist International.[6] Ọ nabatakwara aha onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, onye Russia-Jewish Ossip Zetkin [de], onye Marxist raara onwe ya nye, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Maxim na Konstantin (nke a maara dịka Kostja). Ossip Zetkin dara ezigbo ọrịa na mbido 1889 wee nwụọ na June nke afọ ahụ. Mgbe onye ọ hụrụ n'anya nwụsịrị, Zetkin na ụmụ ya kwagara Stuttgart. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ese ihe Georg Friedrich Zundel, onye ji afọ iri na asatọ tọọ ya, site n'afọ 1899 ruo 1928.[7]
Ịgba ọsọ ndụ na ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Klara_Zetkin%27s_house_in_Jena.jpg/220px-Klara_Zetkin%27s_house_in_Jena.jpg)
Mgbe Adolf Hitler na ndị Nazi Party ya weghaara ọchịchị, a machibidoro ndị Communist Party nke Germany iwu, mgbe ọkụ Reichstag gbara n'afọ 1933. Zetkin gara mba ọzọ n'oge ikpeazụ, n'oge a na Soviet Union. Ọ nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ, na Arkhangelskoye, nso Moscow, na 1933, mgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 76.[6] E debere ntụ ya na Kremlin Wall Necropolis, site na Moscow Kremlin Wall, nso Red Square.[6] Ndị isi ndị Kọmunist si Europe niile bịara ememe olili ozu ahụ, gụnyere Joseph Stalin na Nadezhda Krupskaya (nwunye Lenin).[8]
Mgbe 1949 gachara , Zetkin ghọrọ onye dike a ma ama na German Democratic Republic (East Germany), obodo ukwu ọ bụla nwere okporo ámá aha ya. A ka nwere ike ịchọta aha ya na map nke ala ndị bụbu GDR.[7] E nwekwara okporo ámá dị na Tula, Russia nke aha ya bụ Zetkin (Kla Цеткин) nke na-aga n'otu akụkụ na Red Army Prospect nke bụ okporo ụzọ bụ isi na-eduga na Moscow Train Station na obodo ahụ.
Nsọpụrụ ndị e nyere mgbe ọ nwụsịrị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- E chetaara Zetkin na mkpụrụ ego ego iri na mkpụrụ ego iri abụọ nke German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany).
- Mgbe 1949, obodo ukwu ọ bụla dị na GDR nwere okporo ámá aha ya.
- N'afọ 1954, GDR guzobere ihe nrite Clara Zetkin (Clara-Zetkin-Medaille).
- N'afọ 1955, kansụl obodo Leipzig guzobere ebe ntụrụndụ ọhụrụ dị nso n'etiti obodo a na-akpọ "Clara-Zetkin-Park"[9]
- N'afọ 1967, e guzobere ihe oyiyi nke Clara Zetkin, nke onye na-ese ihe GDR Walter Arnold, na Johannapark, Leipzig iji cheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 110.
- N'afọ 1987, GDR wepụtara stampụ nwere foto ya.
- Kemgbe afọ 2011, otu ndị Germany bụ Die Linke na-ewepụta "Clara-Zetkin-Frauenpreis [de]" kwa afọ.
Edemsibịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Media related to Clara Zetkin at Wikimedia Commons
- Quotations related to Clara Zetkin at Wikiquote
- Works by Clara Zetkin at Project Gutenberg
- Clara Zetkin na Spartacus Educational (akụkọ ndụ, ihe ndị e wepụtara)
- Zetkin na marxists.org (akụkọ ndụ, ụfọdụ ihe odide, njikọ)
- Newspaper clippings about Clara Zetkin in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- Ihe M Na-echeta Lenin site na Clara Zetkin
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gilbert Badia, Clara Zetkin: Féministe Sans Frontières (Paris: Les Éditions Ouvrières 1993).
- ↑ Clara Zetkin | bpb
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Young (1988). Socialism since 1889: a biographical history. Rowman & Littlefield, 169. ISBN 978-0-389-20813-6.
- ↑ (1998) Encyclopedia of World Biography: Vitoria-Zworykin. Gale Research, 504. ISBN 978-0-7876-2556-6.
- ↑ Zetkin (1984). Clara Zetkin, selected writings. International Publishers, 17. ISBN 978-0-7178-0620-1.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Zetkin, Clara * 5.7.1857, † 20.6.1933: Biographische Angaben aus dem Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten. Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur: Biographische Datenbanken. Retrieved on 15 November 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "BiographischeDatenbankenCZ" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Clara Zetkin biography from the University of Leipzig (in German)
- ↑ Clara Zetkin facts. Your Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved on 23 February 2019.
- ↑ Clara-Zetkin-Park – Stadt Leipzig