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Consumer

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Consumer
occupation
obere ụdị nkeeconomic agent Dezie
nwere mmetụtaitinye n'ọrụ Dezie
ihe eji ya emeproduct, consumer electronics Dezie
male form of labelVerbraucher, Consommateur, vartotojas, consumator Dezie
megidere nkeprovider, DIYer Dezie

Onye na-azụ ahịa bụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu ndị na-ezube inye iwu, inye iwu, ma ọ bụ jiri ngwongwo, ngwaahịa, ma ọ bụ ọrụ zụrụ azụ karịsịa maka mkpa onwe onye, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ezinụlọ, ezinụlọ na mkpa ndị yiri ya, na-enweghị njikọ kpọmkwem na azụmahịa ma ọ bụ azụmahịa.

Ndị ahịa

Ikike ndị na azụ ahịa

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"Ndị ahịa, site na nkọwa, gụnyere anyị niile," Onye isi ala John F. Kennedy nyere nkọwa ya na United States Congress na Machị 15, 1962. Okwu a ghọrọ ntọala maka ịmepụta Ụbọchị Ikike Ndị Ahịa Ụwa, nke a na-eme ugbu a na Machị 15. N'okwu ya: John Fitzgerald Kennedy kọwara ọrụ dị mkpa nye ndị na-azụ ahịa site na gọọmentị ha iji nyere aka mee ihe ikike ndị ahịa, gụnyere:[1]

  • Ikike nchekwa: A ga-echebe ya megide ịzụ ahịa nke ngwaahịa ndị dị ize ndụ maka ahụike ma ọ bụ ndụ.
  • Ikike ịmara: Iji chebe ya megide ozi aghụghọ, aghụghọ, ma ọ bụ ozi na-eduhie eduhie, mgbasa ozi, akara, ma ọ bụ omume ndị ọzọ, ma nye ya eziokwu ọ chọrọ iji mee nhọrọ maara ihe.
  • Ikike ịhọrọ: Iji jide n'aka, ebe ọ bụla o kwere omume, ịnweta ngwaahịa na ọrụ dị iche iche na ọnụahịa asọmpi; na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ nke asọmpi na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ma dochie iwu Gọọmenti, mmesi obi ike nke ịdị mma na ọrụ na ọnụahịa ziri ezi.
  • Ikike ịchọ nkwụghachi: Ndị na-azụ ahịa nwere ikike ịchọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ megide omume ahia na-ezighị ezi na mmegbu. Ọ bụrụ na e mebiri onye na-azụ ahịa ihe ọ bụla, o nwere ikike inweta ụgwọ dabere na ogo mmebi.[2]
  • Ikike ịnọchite anya : N'ihi ya, Iwu ahụ enyerela anyị aka dị ka ndị na-azụ ahịa inwe ikike ịnọchite anya n'ụlọ ikpe ndị ahịa.[3]

Economics na ahịa

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Na akụ na ụba, onye na-azụ ahịa na-azụta ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ karịsịa maka oriri ma ọ bụghị maka ire ere ma ọ bụ maka ebumnuche azụmahịa. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akwụ ego ụfọdụ (ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya) maka ihe - ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ - nke ha (ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ha) na-eri (iji).[4] Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro akụ na ụba nke usoro akụ na ụba ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba ọ bụla.[5][6][7][8] Enweghị mkpa ndị ahịa, ndị na-emepụta ihe agaghị enwe otu n'ime isi mkpali iji mepụta: ire ndị ahịa. Onye na-azụ ahịa na-emekwa otu njedebe nke usoro nkesa.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya [mgbe?] na ahịa, kama ndị na-ere ahịa na-emepụta profaịlụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ sara mbara na profaịlụ Fisio-graphic nke akụkụ ahịa, ndị na-ere ahịa amalitela itinye aka na ahịa onwe onye, ahịa ikike, na nhazi ọtụtụ mmadụ iji lekwasị ndị ahịa anya.[9]

N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ịrị elu nke Intanet, ndị na-azụ ahịa na-agbanwewanye [quantify] n'ịghọ prosumers, ndị na-azụ ahịa bụkwa ndị na-emepụta ihe (mgbe mgbe nke ozi na mgbasa ozi na weebụ mmekọrịta) - ha na-emetụta ngwaahịa ndị e kere (dịka site na nhazi, nchịkọta ego ma ọ bụ ibipụta mmasị ha), na-ekere òkè na usoro mmepụta, ma ọ bụ jiri ngwaahịa mmekọrịta.[10][11]

Iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Iwu ahụ na-eji echiche nke onye na-azụ ahịa n'ihe gbasara iwu nchedo ndị ahịa, na nkọwa nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-abụkarị ndị dị ndụ (ọ bụghị ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ) ma wepụ ndị ọrụ azụmahịa.[12] Otu echiche iwu kwadoro maka ichebe onye na-azụ ahịa na-adabere n'echiche nke ọdịda ahịa ndị uwe ojii na arụpụtaghị ihe, dị ka enweghị nhata nke ike nkwekọrịta n'etiti onye na-azụ ahịa na azụmahịa.[13] Dị ka ndị niile nwere ike ịtụ vootu bụkwa ndị na-azụ ahịa, nchedo ndị ahịa nwere ihe doro anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Nchegbu banyere ọdịmma nke ndị na-azụ ahịa emeela ka ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eme ihe ike, ebe ndị na-eme nnyocha, agụmakwụkwọ na nkwado iji meziwanye onyinye nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ. E tinyela agụmakwụkwọ ndị ahịa n'ime ụfọdụ usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. E nwekwara akwụkwọ dị iche iche na-abaghị uru, dị ka Which?, Consumer Reports na Choice magazine, raara onwe ya nye iji nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ahịa na ime mkpebi.[14]

N'India, Iwu Nchedo Ndị Ahịa nke 1986 na-eme ka oriri nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ dị iche maka ojiji onwe onye ma ọ bụ iji nweta ndụ. Naanị ndị na-azụ ahịa na-echebe site na omume a na onye ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ nzukọ na-azụta ngwaahịa maka ihe azụmahịa na-ahapụ uru ọ bụla nke omume a.[15]

Leekwa

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Ndetu

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  1. ↑ Special message to Congress on protecting consumer interest, 15 March 1962. John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
  2. ↑ NCERT
  3. ↑ NCERT
  4. ↑ Schor (19 August 2014). Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781439130902. “Kids and teens are now the epicenter of American consumer culture.” 
  5. ↑ Henderson [1936] (5 December 2014). Capitalism and the Consumer, Routledge Library Editions: Consumer Behaviour. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. ISBN 9781317565109. Retrieved on 14 October 2021. “[...] the completion of the producing process by the use and consumption which carries the goods-production into human life itself [...].” 
  6. ↑ Consumers play a pivotal part in economics, which Krugman and Wells define as the study of production, distribution and consumption. Krugman (29 May 2012). Economics, 3, Worth Publishers. ISBN 9781464128738. 
  7. ↑ Note for example Alexander Chayanov's analysis of peasant economies, and compare consumer goods in the Soviet Union. At a fundamental level, economic agents (individuals, groups and states) work/hunt/gather/trade so that they and their dependants can eat.
  8. ↑ (8 August 2012) in Bren: Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199827664. Retrieved on 14 October 2021. 
  9. ↑ Cross (1997). Revenue management: hard-core tactics for market domination. Broadway Books, 66–71. ISBN 978-0-553-06734-7. 
  10. ↑ Scammell. Citizen Consumers: towards a new marketing of politics?. Retrieved on 2 July 2016.
  11. ↑ Blättel-Mink (27 October 2009). Prosumer Revisited. ISBN 9783531169354. Retrieved on 2 July 2016. 
  12. ↑ Krohn, Lauren (1995). Consumer protection and the law: a dictionary. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-749-2. 
  13. ↑ An Institutional Analysis of Consumer Law. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-29.
  14. ↑ L. Gayle Royer (1980). "The Value of Consumer Education in Increasing Effective Consumer Performance: Theory and Research". Advances in Consumer Research 07. Retrieved on 24 January 2020. 
  15. ↑ Consumer vs Customer. Consumerdaddy.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved on 2010-03-10. “The consumer protection act 1986 of India, is a little more generous with the word 'Consumer'. According to this law, a consumer is not only a person who uses the product for domestic personal use, but also one who uses the product to earn his daily livelihood.”


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