Dorothy Nyembe
A mụrụ ya na nso Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, Nyembe bụ nwa nwanyị Leeya Basolise Nyembe, onye nna ya bụ Chief Ngedee Shezi.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ ruo mgbe Standard 9. Ọ mụrụ naanị nwa ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise.[1]
Nyembe nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma ọ bụ n'okpuru iwu machibidoro iwu ma ọ bụ na ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-eje ozi site na 1963 ruo 1966 maka ịkwalite òtù ANC.[2] Ọzọkwa site na 1968 ruo 1983 maka ebe ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.[1][3] Nyembe sonyeere Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị nke Natal (NOW) mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na 1984.[1] A tọhapụrụ ya ọzọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'afọ otu puku narị itoolu iri asatọ na asaaa.[4] A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu mba n'afọ 1994.[5]
Nyembe bụ onye ahịa mana ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-ekere òkè ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ọtụtụ òtù na-aga n'ihu. Ọ sonyeere African National Congress na 1952 ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike.[1] Mgbe ọ sonyeere ANC mkpọsa Defiance na-aga n'ihu. A tụrụ Nyembe mkpọrọ n'afọ 1952 maka imebi iwu na-ezighị ezi.[6] Ọ duziri ụmụ nwanyị si Natal na Defiance Campaign nke 1956.[1] Akụkụ nke Defiance Campaign bụ ịbụ onye ndú megide iwepụ Cato Manor na 1956.[7] N'afọ 1956, a họpụtara ya dịka osote onye isi oche nke Durban ANC .[7] Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ime òtù iji gbochie ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.[8] Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na-ewepụ ọrụ n'aka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị.[7] N'afọ 1959, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke ngalaba Natal nke African National Congress Women's League. Mgbe a machibidoro ANC iwu na 1960, ọ sonyeere Spear of the Nation.[2] N'afọ 1961, a nabatara Nyembe n'ime Umkhonto we Sizwe ma soro ọtụtụ ndị enyi dịka Chief Albert Luthuli, Moses Mabhida, Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu na Oliver Tambo rụọ ọrụ.[7] N'afọ 1963, ọ duziri ụmụ nwanyị n'oge Natal Women's Revolt .[5] A tọhapụrụ ya na 23 Machị 1984, mgbe a tọhapụrụ ye, Nyembe malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka Natal Organisation of Women (NOW). NOW jere ozi n'ọtụtụ ebumnuche. Ịlụ ọgụ megide ịrị elu nke ụgwọ, ụgwọ njem, agụmakwụkwọ na-adịghị mma na enweghị ụlọ nlekọta ụmụaka bụ isi ihe nzukọ ahụ lekwasịrị anya.[7]
Ọrụ maka African National Congress
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkà ihe ọmụma ANC n'oge mmalite afọ 1950 bụ nke Gandhi. Nkà ihe ọmụma na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ebe ndị otu dị njikere ịga mkpọrọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Nyembe, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye na-eme udo, sonyeere ANC ma na 1952 dị njikere imebi iwu ndị na-etinye ihe mgbochi nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọrụ na ikike obibi.[9] Oge Nyembe na mkpọsa nnupụisi kwụsịrị mgbe, na 1953, ndị Britain wepụtara iwu machibidoro nzukọ ngagharị iwe. Mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke ngalaba Natal na 1959, Nyembe tinyere aka na atụmatụ nke mmegide iji mee iwu. Iwu paswọọdụ ga-eme ka ọ chọọ ka ụmụ amaala ojii niile buru kaadị njirimara gburugburu ebe ndị ọcha.[10] Mgbe ogbugbu Sharpeville gasịrị na a machibidoro ANC na PAC iwu n'okpuru iwu ọhụrụ nke Iwu Òtù Na-akwadoghị. Nyembe sonyeere otu òtù na-eme ihe ike nke ANC a na-akpọ ube nke mba. N'okpuru ọrụ a, o sonyere na imebi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị.[11]
Nnupụisi nke ụmụ nwanyị Natal
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka onye ndú nke Natal Women's Revolt, Nyembe na ụmụ nwanyị ojii ndị ọzọ nke South Africa na-emegide ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ biya. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ wepụrụ isi ihe na-eweta ego site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị. Nzukọ a chọkwara mbibi nke ihe onwunwe Durban Corporation. Nyembe na-alụ ọgụ maka ịchịkwa ọpụpụ, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ikike, na ikike ịchọ ọrụ.[12]
Onyinye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'oge ọrụ ya, ọ natara Order of Friendship of Peoples, site na Soviet Union, na onyinye Chief Albert Luthuli, nke ikpeazụ na 1992.
Ebenside
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Dorothy Nomzansi Nyembe", South African History Online, 2011-02-17. Retrieved on 2017-12-07.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Harmer E. Davis; Pioneered Highway Engineer Training", Los Angeles Times, 1999-01-02. Retrieved on 2017-12-07. (in en-US)
- ↑ Research Archives, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa - WITS.
- ↑ PARKS. "S. Africa Frees Hundreds of Political Detainees; Emergency in 2nd Year", Los Angeles Times, 1987-06-13. Retrieved on 2017-12-07. (in en-US)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kathleen E. Sheldon (2005). Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5331-7.
- ↑ Research Archives, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa - WITS.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid. overcomingapartheid.msu.edu.
- ↑ Dorothy Nomzansi Nyembe – A Titan of Struggle – African National Congress. www.anc.org.za. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved on 24 September 2017.
- ↑ African National Congress Timeline 1950-1959 (en). South African History Online (31 August 2011).
- ↑ African National Congress Timeline 1960-1969 (en). South African History Online (14 September 2011).
- ↑ Manifesto of umKhonto we Sizwe (17 December 2006). Archived from the original on 17 December 2006.
- ↑ Document 44 - "The Revolt of the Women", The Soyan, December 1959 (en). South African History Online (6 November 2014).