Draft:Enweghị ike ịnụ ihe

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Àtụ:Infobox medical condition (new) Enweghị ike ịnụ ihe bụ enweghị ike ịnụ ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla.[Elsevier, Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ahụike nke Dorland, Elsevier 1] Enweghị ịnụ ihe nwere ike ịdị mgbe a mụrụ ya ma ọ bụ nweta ya n'oge ọ bụla mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.[1][2] Enweghị ịnụ ihe nwere ike ime n'otu ntị ma ọ bụ abụọ.[3] N'ime ụmụaka, nsogbu ịnụ ihe nwere ike imetụta ikike inweta asụsụ a na-ekwu, na ndị okenye ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ihe isi ike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọrụ.[4] Enweghị ịnụ ihe nwere ike ịbụ nke nwa oge ma ọ bụ nke na-adịgide adịgide. Enweghị ịnụ ihe metụtara afọ na-emetụtakarị ntị abụọ ma bụrụkwa n'ihi enweghi mkpuru ndu ntutu cochlear.[5] Ufọdụ ndị mmadụ nti chiri, ọkachasị ndị agadi, nwere ike ịkpata owu ọmụma.[3] Ndi nti chiri na-enwekarị obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ntị.[1]

Enwere ike ịkpata nhụsianya site n'ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere: mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ịka nká, ikpughe ụda, ọrịa ụfọdụ, nsogbu ọmụmụ, nhụjuanya na ntị, na ụfọdụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nsị.[3] Ọnọdụ a na-ahụkarị nke na-ebute ọnwụ ntị bụ ọrịa ntị na-adịghị ala ala. [3] Ụfọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe n'oge ime ime, dị ka cytomegalovirus, syphilis na rubella, nwekwara ike ime ka ị nụ ihe na nwata..[3][6] A na-achọpụta na ntị anaghị anụ mgbe nyocha ntị na-achọta na mmadụ enweghị ike ịnụ 25 decibel na ọ dịkarịa ala otu ntị.[3] A na-atụ aro ịnwale maka ichi ntị adịghị mma maka ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ niile.[4] E nwere ike ịkọwa ọdịda ntị dị ka nke dị nro (25 ruo 40 dB), nke dị n'etiti (41 ruo 55 dB), nke siri ike (56 ruo 70 dB), nke kachasị njọ (71 ruo 90 dB), ma ọ bụ nke miri emi (karịa 90 dB).[3] Enwere ụdị nhụsianya atọ bụ isi: nkwụsị ntị na-emegharị emegharị, ọnwụ anụ ahụ nke anụ ahụ, na nkwụsị ntị agwakọtara[7]

A na-egbochi ihe dị ka ọkara ntị n'ụwa niile site na usoro ahụike ọha na eze.[3] omume ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị n'akụkụ ime ime, izere oke mkpọtụ, na izere ọgwụ ụfọdụ.[3] Òtù Ahụ́ Ike Ụwa na-atụ aro ka ndị na-eto eto kwụsị ikpughe ụda na-ada ụda na iji ihe ndị na-ege ntị na-ege ntị n’onwe ha ihe dị ka otu awa kwa ụbọchị ná mgbalị ibelata ikpughe mkpọtụ.[8] Ịmata na nkwado n'oge dị mkpa karịsịa n'ime ụmụaka.[3] Nye ọtụtụ ndị, ihe enyemaka ịnụ ihe, asụsụ ogbi, ntinye cochlear na ndepụta okwu bara uru.[3] ỊgụỊgụ.[3] Otú ọ dị, ịnweta ihe enyemaka ịnụ ihe, dị oke n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụwa.[3]



N'ihe dị ka afọ 2013 ịnụ ihe na-emetụta ihe dị ka ijeri mmadụ 1.1 ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.[9] Ọ na-ebute nkwarụ n'ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 466 (5% nke ndị bi n'ụwa niile), yana nkwarụ na-agafeghị oke na nde mmadụ 124..[3][10][11] Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.[10] N'ime ndị nwere nkwarụ dị oke ma ọ bụ nke siri ike, nde 108 bi na mba ndị nwere obere ego na nke etiti.[12] Ndị na-asụ ogbi na ndị na-eme omenala ndị ogbi nwere ike ịhụ onwe ha dị ka ndị nwere nghọtahie kama ịbụ ndị nwere nkwarụ. [13] Ọtụtụ ndị omenaala ndị nti chiri na-emegide mgbalị a na-eme iji gwọọ ntị chiri[14][15][16] na ụfọdụ ndị nọ n'ime obodo a na-ele ihe ọkụkụ nke cochlear anya n'ihi na ha nwere ike iwepụ omenala ha[17] A na-elekarị okwu ndị na-adịghị anụ ntị ma ọ bụ nkwụsị ntị anya dị ka ndị na-emesi ihe ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ike ime ike, ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-eji okwu ndị ahụ eme ihe mgbe nile mgbe a na-ekwu maka ntị chiri na ọnọdụ ahụike.[18][19]

Onye ntị chiri na-eji smartphone nwere igwefoto iji kwurịta okwu n'asụsụ ndị ogbi
  • A na-akọwa ọdịda ntị dị ka mbelata nke ụda nke a ga-anụkarị.[12] A na-ejikarị okwu ndị na-anụ ihe ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị anụ ihe eme ihe maka ndị na-enweghị ike ịnụ ụda na ụda olu. Enweghị ntị na-eme mgbe ebili mmiri na-abanye na ntị ma mebie anụ ahụ na-emetụ n'ahụ A na-ekewa oke ntị dị ka mmụba nke ike nke ụda karịrị ọkwa a chọrọ maka onye na-ege ntị ịchọpụta ya.[20]
  • A na-akọwa ntị chiri dị ka ogo nke ọnwụ nke mere na mmadụ enweghị ike ịghọta okwu, ọbụlagodi na ọnụnọ nke amplification.[12] N'ime oke ntị chiri, ọbụlagodi ụda kachasị elu nke audiometer na-emepụta (ngwá ọrụ eji atụ ihe na-anụ site na ịmepụta ụda dị ọcha site na ọnụọgụ dị iche iche) nwere ike ọ gaghị achọpụta. Na ntị chiri zuru oke, ọ dịghị ụda ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị amplification ma ọ bụ usoro mmepụta, a ga-anụ.
  • Nghọta okwu bụ akụkụ ọzọ nke ịnụ ihe nke na-agụnye nghọta doro anya nke okwu ahu mere karịa nke dara uda ike. N'ime ụmụ mmadụ, a na-ejikarị ule ịkpa ókè okwu atụle nke a, nke na anaghi achoputa okwu, kamakwa o na achoputa uda. E nwere ụdị ntị chiri dị iche iche na-emetụta ịkpa ókè okwu naanị. Otu ihe omumatu bụ neuropathy na-anụ ihe, ụdị ịnụ ihe di iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ntutu nke cochlea dị n'èzí ma na-arụ ọrụ, mana ozi dị mma anaghị ebufe site na akwara na-anụ na ụbụrụ.[21]bhjk

Iji okwu ndị a bụ "ndị na-adịghị anụ ihe", ndi nti chiri-ogbi ma bụ ndị nti chiri na ogbi Ịkọwa ndị ntị chiri na ndị na-anụ ihe na-akụda mmụọ ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'ógbè ndị ogbi yana òtù na -akwado nkwado.[22][23]

ụkpụrụ ntị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ịnụ mmadụ na-agbatị ugboro ugboro site na 20 ruo 20,000 Hz, yana ike sitere na 0 dB ruo 120 dB HL ma ọ bụ karịa. 0 dB anaghị anọchi anya enweghị ụda, kama ụda kacha dị nro nke ntị mmadụ na-enweghị mmerụ nwere ike ịnụ; ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnụ ruo -5 ma ọ bụ ọbụna -10 dB. Ụda na-adakarị ụda na-enweghị ntụsara ahụ karịa 90 dB na 115 dB na-anọchi anya ọnụ ụzọ mgbu. Ntị anaghị anụ ugboro niile nke ọma: nhụsianya kacha elu gburugburu 3,000 Hz. Enwere ọtụtụ àgwà ịnụ ihe mmadụ ma e wezụga oke ugboro na ike nke a na-apụghị ịtụ ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ ọ bụla. Agbanyeghị, maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche bara uru, a na-akọwapụta ọtịta nkịtị site na ugboro na eserese ike, ma ọ bụ audiogram, na-esetịta ọnụ ụzọ ịnụ ihe n'oge akọwapụtara. N'ihi mmetụta nchikota nke afọ na ikpughe ụda na mkparị ụda olu ndị ọzọ, ịnụrụ 'ụdị' nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ ihe nkịtị..

Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • ihe isi ike n'iji ekwentị
  • ọnwụ nke mpaghara ụda
  • ihe isi ike ịghọta okwu, ọkachasị nke ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị ndị olu ha dị elu.
  • ihe isi ike ịghọta okwu n'ihu mkpọtụ ndabere (mmetụta oriri na ọṅụṅụ)
  • ụda ma ọ bụ okwu na-ada ụda, na-ada ma ọ bụ na-ebelata
  • mkpa maka mmụba olu na telivishọn, redio, egwu na isi mmalite ọdịyo ndị ọzọ

Enweghị ike ịnụ ihe bụ ihe mmetụta, mana ọ nwere ike ịnwe mgbaàmà ndị na-eso ya:


Kpọpụta njehie: <ref> tags exist for a group named "Elsevier, Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ahụike nke Dorland, Elsevier", but no corresponding <references group="Elsevier, Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ahụike nke Dorland, Elsevier"/> tag was found

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Deafness and hearing loss (en). World Health Organization (2020-03-01). Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  2. ↑ Hearing Loss at Birth (Congenital Hearing Loss) (en). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300. World Health Organization (March 2015). Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved on 23 May 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 (March 2014) "Hearing loss: diagnosis and management". Primary Care 41 (1): 19–31. DOI:10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003. PMID 24439878. 
  5. ↑ Schilder (2017). "Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017 (12): CD012665. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 29256573. 
  6. ↑ (December 2013) "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome". Clinical Infectious Diseases 57 Suppl 4 (suppl_4): S182-4. DOI:10.1093/cid/cit609. PMID 24257423. 
  7. ↑ (2014) "Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview", GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. 
  8. ↑ 1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise. who.int (27 February 2015). Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved on 2 March 2015.
  9. ↑ (August 2015) "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet 386 (9995): 743–800. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMID 26063472. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 (2008) The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 35. ISBN 9789241563710. 
  11. ↑ (May 2014) "The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 92 (5): 367–73. DOI:10.2471/blt.13.128728. PMID 24839326. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Elzouki (2012). Textbook of clinical pediatrics, 2, Berlin: Springer, 602. ISBN 9783642022012. 
  13. ↑ Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions. National Association of the Deaf.
  14. ↑ Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay. PBS.
  15. ↑ Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'. The Atlantic (2013-08-09).
  16. ↑ "Why not all deaf people want to be cured", The Daily Telegraph, 2012-09-13.
  17. ↑ (2005) "Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants". The Journal of Political Philosophy 13 (2): 135–152. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x. 
  18. ↑ Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions. National Association of the Deaf.
  19. ↑ Dealing with Hearing-impaired Patients (en) (March 2014).
  20. ↑ Mehmood (2023-01-30). What causes vision loss and hearing loss? Is it because of loud music or yelling?. militaryseoblog. Retrieved on 2023-02-04.
  21. ↑ eBook: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, Lalwani, Anil K. (Ed.) Chapter 44: Audiologic Testing by Brady M. Klaves, PhD, Jennifer McKee Bold, AuD, Access Medicine
  22. ↑ (May 2019) "Time for Change". The Hearing Journal 72 (5). DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000559500.67179.7d. 
  23. ↑ Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions. National Association of the Deaf.
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