E. M. Washington
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | E. |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Washington |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1962 |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye nkwusa, art forger |
Earl Marshawn Washington (amụrụ 1962) bụ onye ọchụnta ego America, onye na-ebi akwụkwọ na onye na-ese ihe .
Ihe omume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Malite na 1998, mbipụta osisi sitere na Washington malitere ịpụta na eBay na n'ebe ndị ọzọ; Washington na-ekwu n'ụzọ dị iche iche na osisi ndị a bụ ndị omenkà a ma ama si malite, na ọ bụ nna nna nke ọ kpọrọ aha "Earl Mack Washington" na dịka ọ dịrị ndụ site na 1862 ruo 1952, ma ọ bụ na nna nna a na-ebo ebubo napụtara. Ihe mgbochi ndị emetụtara sitere na ụlọ ahịa mbipụta Manhattan nke ọkụ gbawara agbawa na 1880s. [1] [2] EM Washington bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Africa ma kọọrọ nna nna ya dị ka nke a, nke mere ka ọ nwekwuo mmasị na ọrụ ahụ. E mere atụmatụ na ka ọ na-erule Septemba 2004 na e rere ihe ruru puku mbipụta 60,000, na ọnụ ahịa ndị sitere na $20 ruo $350. [1] (Washington n'onwe ya ekwetala kemgbe "ịmepụta ihe osise osisi 1700".)
Nchọpụta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 1999, n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ọrụ Washington malitere ire, onye Canada na-anakọta na ọkàiwu, Kenneth Martens, chọpụtara na Washington ejirila Eric Gill rụọ ọrụ adịgboroja. Enweghị ike ịnweta eBay ma ọ bụ ndị ọchịchị ndị ọzọ ime ihe, Martens kere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ, "Washington Unmasked", nke malitere ịgbakọta ma gosipụta ihe àmà na-egosi na ọrụ Washington bụ adịgboroja. [1] MC Escher Co. chọpụtara na Washington na-arụ ọrụ nke MC Escher, [3] na-arụ ọrụ eBay na-ekwe nkwa na ọ ga-amachibido ịdepụta ihe ndị a, ma tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa nke mpụ ndị omempụ na California, dịka a na-edozi mbipụta n'ebe ahụ site na Styper Stacy. Ortiz (onye ga-emecha bụrụ nwunye Washington). [1] Onye nchịkọta ọzọ enweghị ike ịchọta ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ bụla maka Earl Mack Washington; ndị ọzọ achọtaghị ndekọ nchekwa ọha kwekọrọ, ma ọ bụ ihe akaebe dị na ndekọ nke ndị na-ese ihe ndị Earl Mack Washington ekwuru na ha na-akpakọrịta. [1] Otu ọkachamara na art deco chọpụtara otu n'ime ihe oyiyi, duplicating ọrụ Rockwell Kent, dị ka bụchaghị ụbọchị ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ mgbe e chere na ọnwụ nke e chere na Earl Mack Washington. [1]
Ihe ngosi pụrụ iche nke ọrụ ahụ, ahaziri maka October 2004 na Mid America Council Conference na Lincoln, Nebraska, kagburu Amity Art Foundation mgbe Washington ha abụọ emeghị ka ihe àmà na-egosi na ọrụ ahụ abụghị nke ya ma chọpụta ya site na iji mgbasa ozi maka. ihe ngosi ahụ iji mee ka ndị ọzọ kwenye na ọrụ ahụ ziri ezi. [1]
A gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa mpụ na Kalamazoo County, Michigan, site n'aka ndị nwe Prairie Home Antiques, bụ ndị zụtara mbipụta 82 na Washington maka $1,640 na 17 June 2004. [1]
Otu n'ime ndị enyi nwanyị Washington mbụ, onye na-edozi isi bụ Terra Zavala, nyere Martens akwụkwọ ntinye aka na ọ hụrụ na Washington na-emepụta ụfọdụ n'ime osisi, na Earl Marshawn Washington kwetara na ya amaghị ọbụna aha nna nna ya. [1]
Ka ọ na-erule 2004, Washington kwetara ịmepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ahụ, mana ọ siri ọnwụ na ya emepụtabeghị Earl Mack Washington. Ụfọdụ ndepụta Washington na-adịbeghị anya na eBay, agbanyeghị, na-ekwupụta
- African American Artist Earl M. Washington nwetara amara n'ụwa niile dị ka onye na-ese osisi site n'ịkpali ọnwụ ya wee mepụta ihe osise osisi karịrị 1700 ma na-enye ha ịzụ ahịa nka n'ihu ọha na ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ.
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onyonyo niile dị ka mbipụta nke ọrụ ndị nka ndị ọzọ, dị na akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ mbipụta ndị ọzọ, etinyere na ngọngọ. Ụfọdụ onyonyo enweghị mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama; N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ mgbanwe ndị ahụ na-ebute ihe efu, dị ka ntụgharị uche na-adịghị mma na okwu German ghọrọ ihe efu. [4] Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Washington MC Escher yiri nke mbụ mana ha ezighi ezi. Ndị a gụnyere ọrụ Lute, Nwoke nwere Cuboid, Nnụnụ isii, azụ na-efe efe iri na atọ, leta H, leta A, Spherical Self Portrait, Retreat, Candle, Frog, Dice, Scales, Anvil, Caning Water, Devil Vignette, na Azụ na Frogs. [5]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Abrams, Alan E.; Catch Me If You Can. Forbes (20 September 2004). Archived from the original on March 9, 2005.
- ↑ Martens. ? ?Earl M. Washington (1862 - 1952)? ?. earlmwashington.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved on 19 December 2010.
- ↑ Veldhuysen. Warning! False M.C. Escher prints are being offered for sale!. mcescher.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved on 19 December 2010.
- ↑ Martens. Inexact Copies. earlmwashington.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved on 19 December 2010.
- ↑ MC Escher Fakes 4. eschersite.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-10. Retrieved on 2018-12-09.
- Washington Unmasked (dị ka echekwara na ebe nchekwa ịntanetị)
- Mbipụta 'Original woodblock' nke EM Washington: aghụghọ nka' sitere na ụlọ ahịa bipụta Philadelphia Archived na </link>
- The Amity Art Foundation na ịkagbu ihe ngosi, na Mid America Council Conference na October 2004, nke Earl M. Washington bipụtara.