E bipụtara ya tupu oge eruo

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Ụdị ọrụ mbipụta maka edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ (preprint, postprint, na bipụtara) na ikike ịkekọrịta ohere site na SHERPA / RoMEO.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kemgbe afọ 1991, a na-ekesa akwụkwọ ndị e biri ebi n'Ịntanetị, kama ịbụ akwụkwọ. Nke a emeela ka e nwee nnukwu nchekwa data dị ka arXiv na HAL (ebe nchekwa mepere emepe) wdg na Ebe nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ. Ikekọrịta nke preprints laghachiri ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'afọ ndị 1960, mgbe National Institutes of Health kesara preprints nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. [1] afọ isii gasịrị, a kwụsịrị iji ndị otu mgbanwe ozi ndị a, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwụsịrị ịnabata ntinye aka a na-ekerịta site na ọwa ndị a. [2]'afọ 2017, Kansụl Nnyocha Ahụike malitere ịkwado ntinye nke preprints na ngwa enyemaka na mkpakọrịta, [1] na Wellcome Trust malitere ịnabata preprints na akwụkwọ enyemaka. [3]

[4]'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, otu njikọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike gụnyere National Institutes of Health, Medical Research Council na Wellcome Trust malitere atụmatụ maka ebe dị mkpa maka ndụ-sayensị preprints. [5] [6] [7]'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, SciELO kwupụtara atụmatụ ịmepụta ihe nkesa preprints - SciELO Preprints . [1] [8][9]'ọnwa Machị 2017, National Institutes for Health wepụtara iwu ọhụrụ na-agba ume itinye akwụkwọ nyocha. [1] [2] [10]'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Center for Open Science kwupụtara na ọ ga-amalite ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ isii. [11] ngwụcha afọ 2010, ọbá akwụkwọ na ngwaọrụ nchọpụta na-ejikọta data Unpaywall, nke na-edepụta ọtụtụ nde preprints na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ na-emeghe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma na-ejikwa ozi karịa ọkara nke arịrịọ ndị ọrụ na-enweghị mkpa maka ndebanye aha.

N'ime ọnwa ndị mbụ nke ọrịa COVID-19, mkpa maka nyocha e bipụtara banyere ọrịa ahụ kpaliri ọtụtụ isiokwu nyocha a na-ewepụta dị ka preprints, [12] na-agafe usoro nyocha na mbipụta nke ndị ọgbọ, nke na-egosi na ọ dị nwayọ n'ihe gbasara ọrịa na-efe efe. [13] nke isiokwu ndị metụtara COVID, yana isiokwu ndị ọzọ metụtara COVID nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịnala bipụtara, nyere aka na mmụba kachasị ukwuu n'otu afọ na isiokwu ndị ọkà mmụta.

Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Omume agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mbipụta nke ihe odide n'akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-enyocha ndị ọgbọ na-ewe izu, ọnwa ma ọ bụ ọbụna afọ site n'oge mbido mbụ, n'ihi oge ndị editọ na ndị na-enyo enyocha ma katọọ ihe odide, na oge ndị edemede chọrọ iji dozie nkatọ. Mkpa ọ dị ịgbasa ngwa ngwa nsonaazụ dị ugbu a n'ime obodo ndị ọkà mmụta emeela ka ndị na-eme nchọpụta kesaa akwụkwọ ndị a maara dị ka preprints, nke bụ ihe odide ndị ka na-enyochabeghị. Ikesa ngwa ngwa nke preprints [14]-enye ndị edemede ohere ịnata nzaghachi n'oge site n'aka ndị ọgbọ ha, nke nwere ike inye aka n'ịtụleghachi na ịkwadebe isiokwu maka ntinye. A na-ejikwa preprint iji gosipụta ihe nchọpụta ndị ahụ na ụzọ isi chebe ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi (a pụrụ iji nnweta ngwa ngwa nke nchọpụta ahụ gbochie ikike ma ọ bụ mee ka ndị na-asọmpi ghara ịsọ mpi).

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-enye ohere ka e bipụta ọrụ na sava pre-print tupu nnyefe. Obere ndị [15]-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-ekpebi n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ kọwaa Iwu Ingelfinger iji wepụ ikike nrubeisi. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na-amachibido ma ọ bụ na-egbochi iji preprints na ntinye aka n'ihi na a naghị ele ha anya dị ka isi mmalite a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi.

Ụfọdụ ọrụ nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ (Peerage of Science, Peer Community In, Review Commons, eLife Preprint Review) na-enye nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ na preprints. [16] Ndụ e bụ ma ọ bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ tupu e bipụta ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ (Peerage of Science, Review Commons, eLife Preprint Review) ma ọ bụ mee ka mkpebi nchịkọta akụkọ (Pear Community In) ghara igbochi itinye akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Nzọụkwụ nke ibipụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na preprint bụ isiokwu nke na-enwetabeghị nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ, postprint bụ isiokwu nke ndị ọgbọ nyochara na nkwadebe maka mbipụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ma pre-print na post-print nwere ike ịdị iche na mbipụta ikpeazụ e bipụtara nke isiokwu. A na-akpọ preprints na postprints ọnụ dị ka e-prints ma ọ bụ eprints. [17]

Okwu re-print na-ezo aka na mbipụta siri ike nke akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtarala; onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere ike ịmepụta re-print, mana enwere ike ịmepụta ya site na nsụgharị dijitalụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na nchekwa data eletrọniki nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara), ma ọ bụ site na eprints nke ndị dere ha debere n'onwe ha na ebe nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ ha.

Ọchịchị na nkwalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[18]'ime agụmakwụkwọ, o yighị ka a ga-atụle akwụkwọ ndị e biri ebi mgbe a na-enyocha onye ọkà mmụta maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ nkwalite, ọ gwụla ma akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara na mbụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mbipụta ndị ọgbọ.

Ọghọm nke pre-print[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwere ike ịchịkọta uru nke pre-print [12] ka: mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke nsonaazụ, na-enye aka na-agafe n'efu nke ozi, na-abawanye ohere nke nzaghachi na nkọwa, na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntinye aka, ohere nke mmekorita agụmakwụkwọ, na-eme ka ndị edemede nwee ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, nwere ike belata mbipụta na esemokwu, nwere ike ịnata DOI, njikọ na ORCID, nyocha nke ihe ndị ọzọ, ohere ịnata onyinye na onyinye, nkwalite nke ndị na-eto eto, otuto, ezigbo ebe maka nchọpụta mmalite nke sayensị.

Enwere ike ịkọwa ọghọm nke preprints [12] ka: enweghị nyocha ndị ọgbọ, enweghị àgwà (n'ime esemokwu), nchegbu banyere data mbido, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-egosighị n'ụzọ ziri ezi ejighị n'aka nke preprints, [19] ihe ize ndụ nke ntinye aha abụọ (site na ibipụta isiokwu a nyochara, enwere ike ịkọwapụta preprint), nke ụkpụrụ omume na ọnụ ọgụgụ, enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka COPE ma ọ bụ ICMJE ha na-emebi iwu ọgụgụ isi na mba ụfọdụ, imebi iwu mgbagha, imebi akwụkwọ akụkọ na nyocha dị ala iji gbasaa ozi gbasara onwe ya na nyocha dị nta

Ụdị sava ndị a na-ebipụta akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwere ike ịhazi sava ndị a n'ụdị atọ: n'ozuzu (na-anabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ niile, na-enwekarị ajọ mbunobi maka isiokwu ụfọdụ, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ dịka Authorea), mpaghara (dịka bioRxiv, ChemRxiv) na mpaghara (dị ka AfricArxiv, Arabi). Tụkwasị na nke a, onye nwe ya nwere ike ịhazi akwụkwọ ndị mbụ (ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ onwe dịka PeerJ PrePrints, ọbá akwụkwọ dịka arXiv" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="EarthArXiv">EarthArXiv, mahadum dịka arXiv ma ọ bụ òtù ndị na-enweghị uru dịka HAL). Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ sava pre-print pụtara, a kwụsịrị ụfọdụ. Ndị ọrụ a kagburu na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa site na ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta uru (dịka Nature Publishing Group mechiri Nature Precedings ma ọ bụ O'Reilly&SAGE mechiri PeerJ PrePrints) ma ọ bụ bụ bụ mpaghara (dịka INArxiv na-ejedebe na Indonesia). Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ usoro ederede (dịka Authorea) mepụtara sava preprint dị iche iche dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ha. Maka ndepụta zuru ezu (ihe karịrị 60 preprints servers) lee: Ndepụta nke preprint repositories.

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Cobb (16 November 2017). "The prehistory of biology preprints: A forgotten experiment from the 1960s". PLOS Biology 15 (11): e2003995. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003995. PMID 29145518. 
  2. ↑ We now accept preprints in grant applications. wellcome.ac.uk. Wellcome (10 January 2017). Retrieved on 2017-01-10.
  3. ↑ The MRC supports preprints. www.mrc.ac.uk. Medical Research Council (2017-01-03). Retrieved on 2018-09-06.
  4. ↑ ASAPbio newsletter vol 7 – Funders sign onto principles for preprint development, RFA released, scientific society town hall | ASAPbio (en-US). asapbio.org (14 February 2017). Retrieved on 2017-02-14.
  5. ↑ Callaway (2017-02-16). "Heavyweight funders back central site for life-sciences preprints" (in en). Nature 542 (7641): 283–284. DOI:10.1038/nature.2017.21466. PMID 28202994. 
  6. ↑ Principles for establishing a Central Service for Preprints: a statement from a consortium of funders | ASAPbio (en-US). asapbio.org (13 February 2017). Retrieved on 2017-02-13.
  7. ↑ "SciELO Preprints on the way", SciELO in Perspective, 2017-02-22. Retrieved on 2017-02-22. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ "NIH enables investigators to include draft preprints in grant proposals", Science | AAAS, 2017-03-24. Retrieved on 2017-03-27. (in en)
  9. ↑ NOT-OD-17-050: Reporting Preprints and Other Interim Research Products (en-US). grants.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2017-03-25.
  10. ↑ Public Goods Infrastructure for Preprints and Innovation in Scholarly Communication (en). cos.io. Retrieved on 2017-04-19.
  11. ↑ Dhakal (15 April 2019). "Unpaywall". Journal of the Medical Library Association 107 (2): 286–288. DOI:10.5195/jmla.2019.650. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Heidary (2021-05-31). "COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics" (in en). Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Ophthalmology 10 (1): 1–4. DOI:10.51329/mehdiophthal1414. ISSN 2322-3219. 
  13. ↑ (2021-09-08) "No revolution: COVID-19 boosted open access, but preprints are only a fraction of pandemic papers" (in en). Science. DOI:10.1126/science.acx9058. 
  14. ↑ "Breaking Down Pros and Cons of Preprints in Biomedicine", Absolutely Maybe, 2016-05-01. Retrieved on 2018-01-12. (in en-US)
  15. ↑ "Taking the online medicine", The Economist. Retrieved on 2016-03-23.
  16. ↑ Comparing journal-independent review services. asapbio.org. ASAPbio (24 July 2020). Retrieved on 2021-01-22.
  17. ↑ "Self-archiving FAQ". EPrints.
  18. ↑ Callaway (2016-02-18). "Biologists urged to hug a preprint". Nature 530 (7590): 265. DOI:10.1038/530265a. PMID 26887471. 
  19. ↑ Besançon (2020). "Open Science Saves Lives: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic". BMC Medical Research Methodology 21 (1). DOI:10.1186/s12874-021-01304-y. PMID 34090351. 
  • Eysenbach G. "Mmetụta nke sava preprint na mbipụta elektrọnik na nyocha biomedicine". Ọ bụ Opin Immunol ka ọ na-agba ọsọ 2000 Ọktoba;12 (5):499-503
  • Eysenbach G. "Ihe ịma aka na mgbanwe ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụike n'oge cyberspace: Electronic pre-prints na e-papers". J Med Internet Res 1999;1 (2):e9
  • Electronic Preprints na Postprints, na Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Marcel Dekker
  • Inefuku, Harrison W. "Pre-Print, Post-Print ma ọ bụ Offprint? A Guide to publication versions, permissions and the digital repository. " Ames, IA: Digital Repository @ Iowa State University, 14 Jenụwarị 2013.
  • Iwu akwụkwọ akụkọ na preprints site na Nature Precedings forum.
  • Preprint, Postprint dị ka Crossref si kọwaa.
  • Preprint FAQ site na ASAPbio.
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