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Ebe A Na-edebe Ala Ọrụ Ugbo

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British Columbia's Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) bụ mkpokọta ala ebe ahọpụtara ọrụ ugbo ka ihe kacha mkpa. A na-akwado ịrụ ọrụ ugbo na amachibidoro ihe ndị na-abụghị ọrụ ugbo[1]: 16 

Ndị ọchịchị Dave Barrett nke British Columbia New Democratic Party hiwere ALR na 1973 iji chekwaa oke ala ubi nke mpaghara site na ime obodo. ma ọ bụ ihe dịka 4.9% nke ala ala British Columbia: 73 [2]

E nwere mpaghara nchịkwa ALR isii: South Coast, Interior, Island, Kootenay, North, na Okanagan.[1]

Nkwụsị ụtụ isi na-emetụta ihe onwunwe na ALR, na ajụjụ nke ikpe ziri ezi n'etiti ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi apụtawo.

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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ALR na-ekpuchi nde hekta 4.6 (11.4 nde acres). [2]: 18 Ọ na-agụnye 4.9% nke ala dị nde hekta 94.6 nke BC.[2]

Ihe na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ala dị na ALR bụ ala ọrụ ugbo kachasị mma (1.1% nke ala BC), ebe ala ọrụ ugpo kachasị mma dabara na nyocha Canada Land Inventory (CLI) Klas 1-3 .: 17 [3]: 1 [4]Ihe dị ka ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ala BC dị n'elu otu puku mita n'ịdị elu, na ugwu ugwu nke mpaghara ahụ pụtara na obere òkè nke ala ya nwere ikike ọrụ ugbo.[3]: 2 

Ihe dị ka 46% nke ala ALR dị n'okpuru onye nwe ya, na 54% dị n'etiti ala ọha na eze (gọọmentị mpaghara, nke obodo, ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị etiti). : 18 

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ihe mere e ji guzobe ya

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Tupu 1973, ihe dị ka hectare 4000 ruo 6000 nke ala ọrụ ugbo na-efu kwa afọ site na ime obodo na British Columbia. Iwu na 18 Eprel 1973 nke mebere Commissionlọ Ọrụ Ugbo Ala (ALC) wee guzobe nchekwa ala Agricultural (ALR).. [3][2]: 1–3 

Nhọrọ nke ala a ga-etinye

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Mpaghara nke ALR dabere na njirimara okike nke ala na ihu igwe ya. [5][6]Ala niile dị na Klas 1 ruo 4 site na nyocha Canada Land Inventory (CLI) nke a na-emebeghị emepụtala gụnyere na ALR.[3]: 3, 10 (Ala ugbo mbụ na-adaba na CLI Klas 1-3, ebe ala Klas 4 bụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ maka ihe ọkụkụ a na-akọ ugbo.) [3] [4] : 5-9 A gụnyere ala Klas 5 na 6 ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na njikọ ya na ala Klas 1 ruo 4, a gụnyekwara ala Klas 7 ma ọ bụrụ ma ewepụ ya nwere ike ikwe ka o tinye aka na-adịghị mma nke ojiji na-ekwekọghị n'ebe ugbo.[5]: 11 (Ala dị na Klas 5 na 6 dabara adaba naanị maka ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ ịta ahịhịa, ebe ala Klas 7 enweghị ikike ọrụ ugbo.) : 1, 12 [3][4]

Malite na map CLI, na inweta ntinye site na gọọmentị ime obodo na ndị na-ege ntị ọha na eze, ALC chọpụtara nde hekta 4.7 ka etinye na ALR.[3]A matara n'oge na-adịghị anya na n'ime mpaghara ụfọdụ (akụkụ nke Vancouver Island, dịka ọmụmaatụ) enwere ike imeziwanye ozi CLI.[3]: 12 N'agbata afọ 1980 na afọ 1984, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere nyocha zuru oke nke ókèala mpaghara ALR, na-eji map ọhụrụ na ozi ala. E nyere Eastern Vancouver Island nlebara anya pụrụ iche. [7]

E wepụrụ ala zuru ezu na ALR iji nye ohere maka ihe dị ka afọ 5 nke uto obodo.[3]: 9 A gụnyere ala gọọmentị etiti na ALR ma ọ bụrụ na njirimara ya na-akwado itinye ya, mana iwu ALR anaghị emetụta ala gọọmentịa etiti.[3]: 10–11 

ALR na-achịkwa site na Agricultural Land Commission (ALC), nke nwere ndị nduzi nke mmadụ 11 ruo 19 nke Minista nke Ọrụ Ugbo na Nri họpụtara.: 12 A na-eji mpaghara ala na-egbochi iji chebe ala ugbo, na mkpebi mpaghara ALC na-ebute ụzọ karịa iwu iji ala eme ihe nke gọọmentị ime obodo.[8]:: 120  ALC na-eme mkpebi karịsịa na mwepụ ala (iwepụ) ma ọ bụ mgbakwunye (ntinye); nkewa; na iji ala na-abụghị ugbo eme ihe.[3]: 17 [9]: 10, 30-31 Mkpebi dabere na otu ngwa si akwado ikike ALC "ichebe ala ugbo" na "ịgba ume ọrụ ugbo na ala ugbo".[10]

Mgbanwe ndị a ma ama

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Ọrụ bụ isi nke ALC bụ ichekwa ala ugbo, mana iwu mbụ nyekwara ALC ọrụ maka iguzobe belt akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ akụ ala, na ogige ntụrụndụ. E wepụrụ ọrụ a na 1977. (ALC ga-azụta (ma ọ bụ nweta) ala ndị a tupu a họpụta ya. N'ụzọ dị iche, enwere ike ikpebi ala na ALR na-enweghị ịzụta site na iji ngwá ọrụ mpaghara ọdịnala.)[3]: 7 : 7 

N'afọ 1988, ogige golf ghọrọ ebe a kwadoro iji ala eme ihe, mana mgbe afọ 1992 gachara, ha chọrọ nkwado ọzọ.[3]: 15 [11]: 194 

Ebe nchekwa ala ugbo nke British Columbia (ALR) na mpaghara nchịkwa abụọ, 2014-2019

Na Mee 29, 2014, gọọmentị BC Liberal nke Christy Clark kewara ALR n'ime mpaghara abụọ: Mpaghara 1 (Island, Okanagan, South Coast) na Mpaghara 2 (North, Kootenay, Interior). [12] A na-ele iwu ALR anya dị ka ibu arọ nye ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ala ugbo na-adịghị ike.[11]:: 192  Iji nye ndị nwe mpaghara 2 mgbanwe iji nweta ego na-abụghị nke ugbo site na ala ha, a gbasaa ihe mkpebi nke mpaghara 2 nke ALC iji tinye ụkpụrụ akụ na ụba, ọdịbendị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. [11][13]: 191-193 [13] Na Nọvemba 20, 2018, NDP Premier John Horgan gbanwere nkewa nke mpaghara 2, na-eweghachi ALR na otu mpaghara n'okpuru ụkpụrụ mbụ. [12][11]

Ruo Septemba 2020, ndị nwe ala nkeonwe enweghị ike itinye akwụkwọ ozugbo na ALC maka iwepụ ala ha na ALR. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nwe ala nkeonwe nwere ike ịrịọ gọọmentị ime obodo ha maka mwepụ dị otú ahụ, ha ga-adabere na gọọmentị ime obodo iji mee ngwa iwepụ ya..[14][15]

Ụtụ isi nke ala ALR

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Ịkwụsị ịtụ ụtụ isi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ

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Ma a na-eji ala ha eme ihe maka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, enwere 50% ụtụ isi maka ndị nwe ala ALR maka ụtụ isi ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, na ihe onwunwe ndị ọzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụtụ isi TransLink na Metro Vancouver). : 5 [16] [17] Nnyocha nke Mahadum Polytechnic nke Kwantlen kwuru na nnwere onwe ụtụ isi a na-agba ume inwe ala ma ọ bụghị ọrụ ugbo nke ala ALR. : 6 

Nnyocha nke mpaghara Greater Vancouver (Metro Vancouver) na-achọpụta na ndị bụ isi na-erite uru na nkwụsị ahụ bụ ihe onwunwe dị na ALR nkewa dị ka "Ebe obibi": 6  Ebe ọ bụ na ejighị ihe ndị a eme ihe maka ugbo, ọmụmụ ihe ahụ na-atụ aro iwepụ nhapụ ahụ ka e wee nwee ike. debe nha nha n'ofe ndị nwe ala obibi n'ime na n'èzí ALR.[18] : 6 : 6 

Ụtụ isi maka ihe onwunwe

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Ụtụ isi ụlọ na-adịkarị ala n'ala dị n'ime ALR, ọ bụrụgodị na ala anaghị akọ ugbo. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a na-enyocha ihe onwunwe dabere na uru ahịa nke ala ahụ na-eburu n'uche "ojiji kachasị elu na nke kachasị mma" yana ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe ime obodo yiri ya. Ojiji nke ụlọ kacha elu na nke kacha mma bụ nke ALR na mmachi iji ala na nkewa mee ihe machiri ya. Ya mere, ala dị n'ime ALR na-enwekarị ọnụ ahịa dị ala, ọbụlagodi mgbe a na-enye ya Residential, Commercial, or Industrial.: 11  Nnyocha e mere maka Metro Vancouver chọpụtara na maka ihe onwunwe 5-acre enyochara dị ka Residential na Langley (nke na-enweghị "ọnọdụ ugbo). ") nke na-akwụ $13,656 na ụtụ ụlọ, ihe atụ atụnyere dị ka Residential na ALR ga-akwụ $3,880 na ụtụ ụlọ.: 11-12  Ọmụmụ ahụ kwuru na ajụjụ gbasara nha anya n'etiti ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi apụtala, ebe ọ bụ na ojiji obibi na azụmahịa n'ime ALR mepụtara. ọchịchọ maka ọrụ ndị gọọmentị ime obodo na-enweta site na ụtụ ụlọ (ụlọ ọrụ, njem ụgbọ njem, ndị uwe ojii, ọkụ na ọrụ mberede). [18]: 3 

Ihe owuwu ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ALR

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A na-egbochi ihe owuwu na ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mana enyere ya ikike na ALR iji nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ohere akụ na ụba metụtara ọrụ ugbo.[19][20]Akụkọ 2020 kwadebere maka gọọmentị BC tụrụ aro ịhapụ ihe ruru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke otu pasent nke ala ALR nke mpaghara ahụ iji mepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke ala ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ.[21]Iji gbochie nchegbu banyere ikwe ka ihe owuwu dị n'ala a na-akọ ugbo, ala a gbanwere ga-abụ ala dị ala, na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọrụ ugbo (CLI Classes 4-7). [22]: 12, 73, 74 [21]

N'afọ 2022, e dezigharịrị iwu ALR iji kwalite ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo site n'ikwe ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eto n'elu shelf ndị kwụ ọtọ. Mgbanwe ahụ bu n'uche ibelata ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, melite arụmọrụ ugbo, ma nyere aka na ụkọ ọrụ.[23][24]

Arụmụka

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Ntọala nke ALR

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Ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ ugbo mere mkpesa maka okike nke ALR, n'ihi na ha megidere ihe mgbochi ALR na-etinye na ihe ndị nwe ala nwere ike ime na ala nke ha.[25] Ihe mgbochi ndị ahụ na-egbochi ikike ihe onwunwe nke onwe ha, ma si otú ahụ belata ọnụ ahịa ala. Afọ iri anọ ka e mesịrị, nkwado n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ ghọrọ ihe zuru ebe niile, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe na-enweghị ikike, dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke BC Agriculture Council si kwuo.[26]

Ụlọ "Monster"

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N'afọ 2017, onye kansụl obodo Richmond kwuru na ya achọghị "ụlọ ukwu na obere ugbo". [27] na-ewu ihe a na-akpọ "ụlọ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ" na ala ALR nke Richmond, ebe nkezi ụlọ ahụ ruru square feet 12,087 na 2015, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 7,329 na 2010. Onye bụbu onye isi oche ALR bụ Frank Leonard kwuru na ụlọ "monster" bụ nnukwu nsogbu n'ebe ụfọdụ dị ka Richmond, ebe ọ bụ na ala ugbo "efuola" mgbe mmadụ zụrụ ala ALR ma wuo "ụlọ 10,000-square-foot tinyere ogige tennis, ọdọ mmiri na ụlọ ndị ọzọ".[28] Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ezie na iwu iji ala eme ihe anaghị ekwe ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'ala ugbo, e nwere akụkọ banyere nnukwu ụlọ a na-ewu na Richmond nke bụ ụlọ oriri na nkwari akụ onwe onye. [27][29]

Na nzaghachi, na 2018 gọọmentị mpaghara weputara oke square mita 500 (ihe dịka square mita 5400) maka ebe obibi bụ isi e wuru na ALR.[30] B.C. Farmland Owners Association megidere iwu ahụ na-ekwu na gọọmentị ejighị ha kwurịta okwu nke ọma, nakwa na njedebe nke square mita 500 agaghị ekwe ka ohere zuru ezu maka ihe na-abụkarị azụmaahịa ezinụlọ.[31] E mechara belata ihe mgbochi ka o wee, malite na 31 Disemba 2, yana ebe obibi bụ isi nwere ala nke 500 m2 ma ọ bụ obere, a na-ekwe ka ndị nwe ala nwee otu ebe obibi nke nwere ala nke 90 m2 maọbụ na-erughị (186 m2 na ala 40 hekta ma ọ bụ karịa), ma ọ bụrụ na iwu gọọmentị ime obodo kwere.[32]: 2-3 Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịchọta ụlọ nke abụọ n'ụlọ obibi.[33]: 7, 16 Ọzọkwa, e wepụrụ ihe achọrọ na onye nwe ala ma ọ bụ ndị ezinụlọ ga-eji ebe obibi ndị ọzọ mee ihe.[34] Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, ALC nwere ike ịnakwere ebe obibi ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ maka iji ugbo eme ihe. [30] [34]

Ịkwụsịtụ Ụtụ Isi

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Otu akụkọ nyocha nke afọ 2016 sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Globe and Mail chọpụtara na ka ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-arị elu na ahịa ụlọ obibi nke Vancouver, uru ụtụ isi nke ihe onwunwe ALR mụbara. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ chọpụtara nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnụ ahịa ahịa na nyocha mpaghara maka akụrụngwa 122 nyochara. N'otu ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ dị na ALR kwụrụ ihe dị ka $5,300 na ụtụ ụlọ ebe ụlọ obibi dị n'otu obodo nwere otu uru ahịa ga-akwụ ihe ruru $77,000. Akụkọ ahụ gosikwara nkwụsịtụ ụtụ isi metụtara ụtụ ọhụrụ 15% nke mpaghara na ala na ụlọ nke ndị na-azụ ahịa si mba ọzọ zụtara. Ụtụ a na-emetụta naanị ọnụahịa ere nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo, ebe ịzụrụ ala ALR enweghị ụtụ isi.[29]

Ọgwụgwọ dị mma maka ndị na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ

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Enweela nkatọ maka enweghị nkwekọrịta n'otu esi etinye usoro iwu ugbo, n'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche maka ndị na-emepụta mmanya na ngwaahịa mmanya ndị ọzọ. N'otu oge, onye ọrụ ugbo chọrọ ije ozi n'ugbo ha n'ụlọ nri kwesịrị ịmị mmanya, ebe ọ bụ na a na-anabata ọrụ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ na ALR ma ọ bụrụ na ugbo ahụ na-emepụta mmanya na-aba n'anya.[35]: 6–7 [36][37][38]

Hụkwa

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  • Greenbelt (Golden Horseshoe) , ebe nchekwa yiri ya na Ontario.
  • Williamson Act, usoro yiri nke ahụ maka California.

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Agricultural Land Reserve Maps. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission (8 February 2022).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 50 Years of the Provincial Agricultural Land Commission. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission, BC (18 April 2023).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Smith (2012). A Work in Progress – The British Columbia Farmland Preservation Program. Agricultural Land Commission, BC.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Classifying Prime and Marginal Agricultural Soils and Landscapes: Guidelines for Application of the Canada Land Inventory in Ontario.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Provincial Agricultural Land Commission (9 March 2022). ALR History.
  6. ↑ Engagement. Agricultural Land - ALC. www.alc.gov.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved on 2022-03-09.
  7. ↑ Engagement. ALR History - ALC. www.alc.gov.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved on 2022-03-09.
  8. ↑ Connell (2021). "The Quality of Farmland Protection in Canada: An Evaluation of the Strength of Provincial Legislative Frameworks". Canadian Planning and Policy 2021: 109–130. DOI:10.24908/cpp-apc.v2021i01.14229. 
  9. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AR2023
  10. ↑ What the Commission Considers. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission (2022).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Connell. "British Columbia Divided its Agricultural Land Reserve into Two Zones (2014-2019): Did it Make a Difference?". Canadian Planning and Policy 2022: 191–213. DOI:10.24908/cpp-apc.v2022i01.15773. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 BCLASS-Legacy (en). www.leg.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 2019-09-01. Retrieved on 2022-03-09.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 ALR Background | Agricultural Land Reserve Mapping (draft not released) (en-US). Retrieved on 2022-03-09.
  14. ↑ Fraser (13 October 2020). Private Landowners Lose Ability to Apply for ALR Exclusion. Lawson Lundell LLP.
  15. ↑ Barnett. "Bill 15 takes away landowners' rights", CFJC Today: Everything Kamloops!, 13 March 2019.
  16. ↑ Calculation hints. Province of British Columbia (15 February 2021).
  17. ↑ British Columbia Chamber of Commerce. Using Property Tax Reform to Support Agriculture Production (2021). Archived from the original on 2024-03-11. Retrieved on 2024-07-09.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Templeeti:Cite report
  19. ↑ Development of Farm Structures for Farm-Related Commercial and Farm-Related Industrial Uses in the ALR: Policy L-24. Agricultural Land Commission (October 2019).
  20. ↑ Chand (20 June 2023). Overview of Agricultural Land Reserves in BC. Smythe.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Zeidler. "B.C. food security report sparks debate on technology and agricultural land reserve", CBC News, 13 June 2020.
  22. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FSTF
  23. ↑ Little. "B.C. amends Agricultural Land Reserve regulations to promote vertical farming", Global News, 19 February 2022.
  24. ↑ Penner. "Province puts vertical farms on horizon to boost B.C. food security: B.C. to include so-called vertical farm buildings on list of allowable farm uses permissible on ALR land without Agricultural Land Commission permission", Vancouver Sun, 20 February 2022.
  25. ↑ Mickleburgh. "B.C. farmers' anger turns to support for Agricultural Land Reserve", The Globe and Mail, 14 September 2012.
  26. ↑ "B.C. farmers' anger turns to support for Agricultural Land Reserve", The Globe and Mail, 17 September 2012. Retrieved on 19 July 2013. “Richard Bullock, the Chairman of the Agricultural Land Commission said, "Farmers have accepted that the ALR is here to stay." On a tour of the province shortly after taking over the land commission in 2010, Bullock said he was astounded to find pro-ALR sentiment "almost universal. People want us to do the right thing."”
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Richmond ponders bylaw to restrict house size on farmland", The Globe and Mail, 15 January 2017.
  28. ↑ Cleverley. "Saanich wants to stop monster houses from being built on farm land", Victoria Times-Colonist, 24 June 2018.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Tomlinson. "On B.C.'s farmland, mega-mansions and speculators reap the rewards of lucrative tax breaks", The Globe and Mail, 18 November 2016.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Legislation to protect farmland now in force. BC Gov News, Province of BC (23 February 2019).
  31. ↑ Johnson. "Metro Vancouver farmers gear up for fight over 'monster homes'", Global News, 26 November 2018.
  32. ↑ Egan-Elliott (19 October 2023). Central Saanich seeks feedback on allowing more homes on agricultural land. Times Colonist.
  33. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IB052023
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Gyarmati. "Restrictions (slightly) eased for ALR farmland in British Columbia", Business in Vancouver, 7 October 2021.
  35. ↑ Agricultural Land Commission Act: Agricultural Land Reserve Use Regulation B.C. Reg. 30/2019. British Columbia (22 February 2019).
  36. ↑ Revitalization of the Agricultural Land Reserve and the Agricultural Land Commission. BC Gov News (18 June 2019).
  37. ↑ Wilson. "Agricultural Land Reserve rules frustrate Nanoose farmers: A Nanoose Bay farming couple say they should not have to set up a brewery in order to serve home-grown food in their on-site restaurant", Victoria Times-Colonist, 25 June 2019.
  38. ↑ Stanton. "Vancouver Island farm forced to add on brewery to keep restaurant open on ALR land", Global News, 15 May 2019.
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