Ebe Ndị India Na-edebe Havasupai

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[1]Ndokwa ndị Havasupai India bụ ndoputa ụmụ amaala America maka ndị Havasupai, nke Grand Canyon National Park gbara ya gburugburu, na Coconino County na Arizona, United States.  A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndoputa ndị India kacha dị ike na America.  A na-achịkwa ndoputa a site n'aka otu kansụl ụdị dị ụmụ asaa, nke onye isi oche nke a na-ahụ n'etiti ndị otu kansụl.  Isi obodo ndoputa ahụ bụ Supai, nke dị na ala Cataract Canyon, otu n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Grand Canyon .  Havasupai bụ ozi nke okwu Havasu (nke dị "mmiri-acha agha") na pai (nke "ndị mmadụ"), [1] si otú a "ndị mmadụ nke mmiri na-acha na-achị-acha akwụkwọ ndụ"

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[2] Havasupai bi, na-akọ ugbo ma na- nta n'ime ndị egwu ha niile, nke egwu ọwa mmiri na ala dị na gburugburu Havasu Canyon, ruo ọtụtụ awụ tupu ndị Europe n'azụ.  Ha na-akọ ugbo n’ọgba mmiri n’oge opupu ihe ubi na ọkọchị, ma kwaga n’ala dịdị maka ike na oyi.  N'afọ ndị 1870, mgbe ndị na-egwuputa ihe na Europe, ndị na-azụ anụ na ndị ọbịa rutere na Arizona Territory na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-azụ elu, nda mụbara iji jide Havasupai na ebo ndị ọzọ na na ndoputa.  N'afọ 1882, Onye isi ala Chester Arthur hiwere Havasupai Indian Reservation site na Executive Order, machibido ebo a na acres 518 na Havasu Canyon.  [1] [2] Ndị ọzọ ala nna ha bụ ndị isi etiti nara maka nsogbu.  Dị ka asụsụ si kwuo, ndị Havasupai kpamkpam kpamkpam nke Executive Order ruo ọtụtụ afọ.  [3] Mbelata nke ala ha butere ọgba aghara na ụzọ ndụ ebo, na ịhụ mgbe niile n'etiti ebo na ụdị US.

[2] Site na okike nke Grand Canyon National Park na 1919, ala National Park gbara ndoputa ahụ kpamkpam.  Site na nkwekọrịta ya na gọọmentị etiti, ndoputa na ụzọ ndị dugara na ya nọgidere na-achị ebo Havasupai.  Agbụrụ ahụ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na United States iji weghachi ha ọtụtụ ala nna nna ha, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nweghị isi.  N'afọ ndị 1950, otu onye nlekọta nke Grand Canyon, John McLaughlin, tụrụ aro iweghara ndoputa ahụ, mana ebo ahụ jụrụ ya.

[3] [2]N'ikpeazụ, nnɔgidesi ike nke ebo ahụ agbasa ozi.  N'afọ 1968, ebo ahụ meri n'ikpe ikpe na ndị India Claim Commission.  [1] Mkpebi ahụ kwuru na a napụrụ ala ndị ahụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na 1882, na ebo ahụ nwere ikike ị nwetaghachi ala ndị ahụ saịtị n'ịkwụ ụgwọ nke ụgwọ maka ihe ahụ.  N'ọnụego dị cents 55 na acre, ọnụ ala akara ndị ahụ dị see otu nde dollar.  Otú ọ dị, ndị ebo ahụ ka na-alụ ogụ maka na a ga-enyeghachi ha ala ndị ahụ, na-amaghị ha riba.  The ebo enyira Nkwado si Nixon ochichi, na-amalite lobbying maka Itie congressional deing S. 1296, nke ga-eweghachi ala ndị ebo.  [2] N'ikpeazụ, na 1975, US Congress jụrụ Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act, nke Onye isi ala Gerald Ford bịanyere aka na ya na Jenụwarị 4, 1975. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ahụ anyị ike 188,077 acres (76,112 ha)  nke ala ruo ruo na mmiri mmiri Havasupai, nke bụ ihe na-eme ndoputa taa

Ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndị arọ ahụ iwu ha na March 27, 1939. N'ime ya, a òtù òtù na-achị isi dị ka otu kansụl ebo nwere mmadụ asaa, bụ nke na-ahụ maka ihe ka ukwuu n'okwu ike iwu.  A ga- ụmụ mmadụ anɔ n'ime ndị kansụl ma jee ozi afọ, ebe ndị kansụl atɔ bụ ndị isi ihe nketa nke ebo ahụ, ndị ga-eje ozi ruo ndụ.  Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke a na-ahụ n'etiti ndị otu kansụl na-edu kansụl ahụ.  [1] onye ọrụ nke Indian Affairs (BIA) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanye iwu na-ama maka ebo ahụ, ebe ụlọ ọrụ India na-enye ngwaọrụ na-ama ọrụ.

Geography[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[2]Dị na Coconino County, ndoputa ahụ na-anọdụ na akuku ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Grand Canyon National Park, nke a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ndoputa ndị India kacha dịpụrụ adịpụ na America.[1]  Obodo kacha nso na ndoputa ahụ bụ Peach Springs, Arizona, nke dị ihe dịka 64 kilomita na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ.  Ihe mejupụtara ihe onyonyo nke ndoputa ahụ bụ obodo dị larịị, nke nwere ọwa mmiri dị omimi gbasasịrị.  Ala dị larịị n'onwe ya dịgasị iche site na mkpọda mkpọda dị nro, ruo n'okirikiri nke Kaibab Limestone.[2]  Ọ bụ ezie na ebe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime usoro nke canyons nke ọ bụ akụkụ ya, Cataract Canyon bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi nnukwu travertine dị na Havasu Creek.  Ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ya bụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke onye ọ bụla na Grand Canyon.  Ọnụnọ nke travertine bụ ihe na-eduga na agba aquamarine nke iyi na ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na ndagwurugwu.[3].  Enwere obere mmezi ọzọ na ubi ndị India.

[4]Ebe isi obodo nke ndoputa ahụ gbadoro ụkwụ na gburugburu Cataract Canyon (nke a omenala dị ka Havasu Canyon), ebe isi obodo nke ndoputa ahụ, Supai, dị.  [1] Ngalaba Agriculture nke United States akpọọla Supai dị ka "obodo kacha dịpụrụ iche" na United States na-aga n'ihu .  [2] A na-enweta ya naanị site na helikopta, n'ụkwụ ma ọ bụ na inyinya mule.  Supai dị 8 miles (13 km) site n'okporo ụzọ kacha nso na ụgbọ ala n'ime obodo.  Ọ bụ ebe dị na United States ebe a ka na-eji ịnyịnya ibu na-ebu ozi .

mgbaàmà ala ama ama The Great Thumb, Long Mesa, na Tenderfoot Mesa.  Isi ihe na-egosi nke bụ Havasu Creek, nwere mmiri mmiri aquamarine (n'ihi ajụjụ nke travertine), iyi bụ otu n'ime ụgbọ ọdụ mmiri ogologo n'ihu ndịda nke Colorado, wee daa 1,400 feet (430 m) n  'oge usoro ya.  A mara iyi a maka mmiri mmiri ya, nke egwu Havasu Falls, Mooney Falls na Beaver Falls.  Ọdịda echiche nke anọ a ma ama nke ọma, Navajo Falls, adịkwaghị adị ka iju mmiri mebiri emebi na 2008. [1] [2] Ọ bụ ebe na Navajo Falls adịghị adị, nhazi nke iyi ahụ ikpe ahụ abụọ, Fifty Foot Falls.  na Little Navajo Falls. [5]

Osisi na fauna[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[6]Ndoputa ahụ na-ahụ nke ndị mmadụ frogs osisi canyon, oke bekee owu, rattlesnakes, nwunye eze, na condors California

[6]N'ime mmiri mmiri, ihe ike ịhụ osisi grape vine na nnukwu osisi Fremont cottonwood

Akụ na ụba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[2]Njem nlegharị anya bụ buru ibu nke akụ na nọrọ nke ndoputa ahụ.  Ebo a na-arụ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya nke ya, yana cafe, ebe ezumike na ụlọ ọrụ izugbe.  Ndị otu n'otu n'ime ebo ahụ elele obere elele, na-eduga njem nlegharị anya na adikọiche na n'ime ɔdɔ mmiri ahụ.  N'afọ 2008, otu mmiri mmiri gbawara n'elu mmiri, na-eme ka mmiri na-aṣọfe n'ọwa mmiri ahụ, na-akpata dị ukwuu n'ihe ndị sitere n'okike yana ihe ndị mmadụ mere.  Ndị ọrụ ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya nwere ikike ikike.  Agbụrụ ahụ ihe ngosi otu nde dollar site na San Manuel Band of Mission India iji nyere aka na mgbake akụ na nyere nke ndoputa ahụ.

Ụmụ akwụkwọ Elementary Havasupai bụ oflọ Ọrụ nke ọrụ India na-arụ ọrụ

Dịka onye na-ekiri ngwugwu Coconino County si kwuo, ndoputa ahụ dị na "Distrikti Ụlọ Akwụkwọ A Na-ahazighị #00". [7] Dịka iwu Arizona siri dị, mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ anaghị ahazi bụ nke na-enweghị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. [8]

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Havasupai Indian Reservation. National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. Retrieved on November 25, 2016.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Havasupai Reservation. Arizona State University. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved on November 25, 2016.
  3. ↑ Havasupai Tribe. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved on November 25, 2016.
  4. ↑ Institution. In the Grand Canyon, the U.S. Postal Service still delivers mail by mule (en). Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on Sep 22, 2023. Retrieved on 2024-02-26.
  5. ↑ Introducing Havasupai Reservation. Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved on November 25, 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Havasupai History & Culture. Arizona Outback Adventures. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved on November 25, 2016.
  7. ↑ Coconino County Parcel Viewer. Coconino County. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
  8. ↑ Article 15: Student Eligibility Rules. Paradise Valley Unified School District. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
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