Ebe a na-agwakọta nsị
Ọwa mmiri jikọtara ọnụ bụ ụdị ọwa mmiri ike ndọda nwere sistemu ọkpọkọ, ọwara mmiri, ebe a na-agbapụta mmiri wdg iji bufee nsị na mmiri si n'obodo mepere emepe ọnụ na ebe a na-ekpofu nsị mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ekpofu mmiri. Nke a pụtara na n'oge ihe omume mmiri ozuzo, a na-agbaze mmiri na-asọ asọ, na-eme ka mmiri dị elu na saịtị ọgwụgwọ. Mmiri mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị emerụ emerụ na-eme ka nsị mmiri na-agbaze, ma mmiri na-asọpụta nwere ike ịgbaze ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ ihe ọ bụla ọ hụrụ n'elu ụlọ, n'okporo ámá, na ogige nchekwa.: Ka mmiri ozuzo na na-agafe n'elu elu ụlọ na ala, ọ nwere ike iburu ihe dị iche iche na-emetọ gụnyere ihe ndị dị n'ala na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọla dị arọ, ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe mkpofu anụmanụ, na mmanụ na mmanụ.[1] Mmiri na-ekpofu ahịhịa jikọtara ọnụ nwekwara ike ịnata mmiri mmiri ozuzo site na ịgba ala mmiri, ime ka mmiri ghara ịrụ ọrụ, na ịsa ụlọ na okporo ụzọ.
Ngwakọta nsị nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu mmetọ mmiri n'oge ihe omume mkpofu mmiri (CSO) mgbe ngwakọta nsụ na nsị na-agafe ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsị, ma ọ bụ nke ọnụego kachasị elu nke usoro nke na-ebufe isi mmalite jikọtara ọnụ. N'ọnọdụ ebe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-eme (dị ka nnukwu mmiri ozu), ibu arọ na alaka ndị dị n'otu n'otu nke usoro nsị nwere ike ịkpata nkwado ruo n'ókè ebe nsị na-esi na isi ihe dị ka ụlọ mposi, na-eme ka ụlọ ndị mmadụ jupụta na ngwakọta nsị na nsị na'egbu egbu, na-ebu nnukwu ibu arọ ego maka nhicha na nrụzi. Mgbe usoro nsị jikọtara ọnụ na-enwe ihe ndị a karịa ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị, usoro enyemaka na-eme ka nsị ndị nwere ihe mkpofu mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-asọba n'osimiri, iyi, ma ọ bụ mmiri ndị ọzọ. Ihe omume ndị dị otú ahụ na-ebutekarị nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ndụ, gụnyere mmechi nke osimiri, azụ azụ emetọghị nke ọma maka oriri, yana mmetọ nke isi mmiri ọñụñụ, na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị mma maka ịṅụ mmanya nwa oge ma na-achọ isi tupu ojiji dị ka ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ịefere.
Mbelata nke ngụkọta nke nsị na-agụnye nkewa nke nsị, nchekwa CSO, ịgbasa ikike ọgwụgwọ nsị, ọdọ mmiri na-ejigide, nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ disinfection, belata mmiri ozuzo, akụrụngwa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na usoro nkwado mkpebi oge.
Ụdị nhazi ọwa mmiri ndọda a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'oge a mgbe a na-arụ usoro nsị ọhụrụ. Nhazi ọwa mmiri nke oge a na-ewepu oke mmiri site n'ịrụ ọwa mmiri dị ọcha kama, mana ọtụtụ obodo na obodo ndị meworo agadi na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ nke sistemu ọwa mmiri jikọtara ọnụ mbụ.[2]
Mmepe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
E mere ọwa mmiri ndị mbụ ka ha buru mmiri na-asọ n'okporo ámá pụọ n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi na n'ime mmiri dị n'elu na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Tupu narị afọ nke 19, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ịkwatu ebe mkpofu mmadụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ite ime ụlọ, banye n'okporo ụzọ obodo na obodo na igbu anụmanụ n'okporo ụzọ mepere emepe "mkpasu". Ojiji nke anụmanụ ndị na-adọkpụ dị ka ịnyịnya na ịkpa anụ n'okporo ámá obodo pụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere nnukwu nsị. Tupu mmepe nke macadam dị ka ihe a na-eme n'elu ala na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, usoro ndị a na-emekarị ka ọ nwee oghere, nke mere na mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ịba ma ghara ịgba ọsọ, a na-echekwa mmiri ozuzo n'elu ụlọ obodo na tankị mmiri ozuzo. Mmiri na-emeghe emeghe, nke nwere ọwa mmiri na mmiri ndị dị n'obodo ukwu, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ụwa niile tupu narị afọ nke iri abuo.
N'ọtụtụ mba ndị mepere emepe, a na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu na njedebe nke 19th na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 iji kpuchie ọwa mmiri na-emeghe na mbụ, na-atụgharị ha na usoro mechiri emechi nke nwere ígwè nkedo, ígwè, ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ siri ike, masonry, na concre arches, mgbe n'okporo ámá na. Ụzọ ụkwụ na-esiwanyewanye ike na-eji usoro ihe mgbochi na-adịghị agwụ agwụ. Most sewage collection systems of the 19th and early to mid-20th century used single-pipe systems that collect both sewage and urban runoff from streets and roofs (to the extent that relatively clean rooftop rainwater was not saved in butts and cisterns for drinking and washing.) This type of collection system is referred to as a "combined sewer system". The rationale for combining the two was that it would be cheaper to build just a single system.: 8 Most cities at that time did not have sewage treatment plants, so there was no perceived public health advantage in constructing a separate "surface water sewerage" (UK terminology) or "storm sewer" (US terminology) system.: pp. 2–3 Moreover, before the automobile era, runoff was likely to be typically highly contaminated with animal waste. Further, until the mid-late 19th century the frequent use of shambles contributed more waste. The widespread replacement of horses with automotive propulsion, paving of city streets and surfaces, construction of municipal slaughterhouses, and provision of mains water in the 20th century changed the nature and volume of urban runoff to be initially cleaner, include water that formerly soaked away and previously saved rooftop rainwater after combined sewers were already widely adopted.
Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Fatberg (ihe mgbochi nke nsị)
- Mmiri na-asọba n'ime ụlọ mposi
- Atụmatụ Mmiri Thames
- Mmiri na-asọba n'oké ifufe
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Hammer (1975). Water and Waste-Water Technology. New York: John Wiley & Son. ISBN 0-471-34726-4.
- ↑ Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1972). Wastewater Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-041675-8.