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Echiche Warburg

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Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Otto Warburg, onye ọrụ nyocha ya dugara n'ịmepụta echiche Warburg maka ịkọwa ihe kpatara ọrịa kansa.

Echiche Warburg (/ˈvɑːrbʊərɡ/), mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka echiche Warburg nke kansa, na-ekwu na onye na-akwọ tumorigenesis bụ iku ume na-ezughị ezu nke mkpụrụ ndụ kpatara site na mkparị mitochondria.[1] Okwu Warburg mmetụta na Onkoloji na-akọwa nchọpụta na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa, na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-etolite in vitro, na-egosipụta ịgbaze glukoosu ọbụlagodi mgbe ikuku ume zuru ezu iji ume nke ọma.[2][3] N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, kama iku ume zuru oke n'ihu ikuku ume zuru oke, mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na-agbaze. Echiche Warburg bụ na mmetụta Warburg bụ isi ihe kpatara ọrịa kansa. Echiche a ma ama ugbu a bụ na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na-agbaze glukoosu mgbe ọ na-anọgide na-enwe otu ọkwa iku ume nke dị tupu usoro nke carcinogenesis, ya mere a ga-akọwa mmetụta Warburg dị ka nchọpụta na mkpụrụ ndụ kansayna-egosipụta glycolysis na mmepụta mmiri ara na iku ume mitochondrial ọbụna n'ọnụnọ nke ikuku ume .[4][5]

Echiche

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Otto Heinrich Warburg kwuru na ọ bụ ya mere n'afọ 1924. O kwuru na ọrịa kansa, uto ọjọọ, na uto akpụ na-akpata eziokwu ahụ bụ na mkpụrụ ndụ akpụ na-emepụta ike (dị ka, adenosine triphosphate / ATP) site na mmebi nke glukoosu na-abụghị ozidativu (usoro a na-akpọ glycolysis). Nke a dị iche na mkpụrụ ndụ dị mma nke na-emepụta ike site na mmebi ozidativu nke pyruvate. Pyruvate bụ ihe na-eme n'ikpeazụ nke glycolysis, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe n'ime mitochondria. Ya mere, dị ka Warburg si kwuo, carcinogenesis sitere na mbelata nke iku ume mitochondrial. Warburg weere ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ dị mma na nke nwere kansa dị ka oke glycolysis na iku ume; a makwaara nchọpụta a dị ka mmetụta Warburg.

N'ime echiche nke Mgbanwe nke ọrịa kansa, mmụba ọjọọ na-akpata site na mgbanwe na ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwere, na usoro a na-akpọ Mgbanwe ọjọọ, na-akpatara uto na-enweghị nchịkwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ.[6][7] Ọdịiche nke metabolism nke Warburg hụrụ na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ kansa kwekọọ na ọnọdụ hypoxic (oxygen-deficient) n'ime akpụ siri ike, ma na-esite n'otu mgbanwe ahụ na oncogenes na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-egbochi akpụ nke na-akpata njirimara ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma nke mkpụrụ ndụ kansa.[8] Ya mere, mgbanwe metabolik nke Warburg hụrụ abụghị ihe na-akpata ọrịa kansa, dịka o kwuru, kama, ọ bụ otu n'ime akparamagwa ndị na-akpali ọrịa kansa.

Warburg kwupụtara echiche ya n'akwụkwọ a kpọrọ The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer nke o gosipụtara na nkuzi na nzukọ nke ndị Nobel-Laureates n'ọnwa Juunu abalị isii, n'afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri isii na isiit

1966 na Lindau, odomi Ce Jamini.ermany. N'okwu a, Warburg gosipụtara ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ na-akwado echiche ya na Anaerobiosis dị elu a hụrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa bụ nsonaazụ nke iku ume mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ ezughi oke. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ nke ya, "isi ihe na-akpata ọrịa kansa bụ iji ọtọ biribiri dochie iku ume nke ikuku ume na mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ nkịtị. "[9]

Ahụ na-egbu mkpụrụ ndụ mebiri emebi site na apoptosis, usoro nke mbibi onwe onye nke na-agụnye mitochondria, mana usoro a na-akụ afọ n'ala na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa ebe mitochondrias mechiri. Mweghachi nke mitochondria na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na-amaliteghachi usoro apoptosis ha.[10]

Nnyocha na mmasị na-aga n'ihu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-eme nchọpụta raara onwe ha nye ma na-etinye mgbalị ha n'ịmụ ihe banyere mmetụta Warburg nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na echiche Warburg. Na Onkoloji mmetụta Warburg bụ nchọpụta na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na-emepụta ike site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke glycolysis na-esote ure laktik acid na cytosol, [11] [12] kama site na ọnụego dị ala nke glycolisis na-esochi ozidashon nke pyruvate na mitochondria dị ka ọ dị na ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede nkịtị. [13][14][15] N'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, ndị na-eme nchọpụta chọpụtara na n'okpuru oke ibu, mkpụrụ ndụ akpụ na-agbanwe usoro metabolik site n' ịmepụta glukoosu site na gluconeogenesis site n'iji laktik acid n'isi mmalite metabolik

ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ndị ọzọ. Usoro a bụ nke a maara dị ka Warburg effect inversion. [16]

Karịsịa, e bipụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ puku iri na asatọ

Un'okwu ATP na mmetụta Warburg n'oge 2000 ruo 2015. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nke Warburg Effect abụwo ihe ọmụmụ.[17] Ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ na-azọrọ na ha ekpebiela ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara ya.Thomas N. Seyfried na Peter L. Pedersen bụ ndị na-akwado echiche Warburg banyere ihe kpatara ọrịa kansa ma na-atụle nnwale na ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma karịa echiche mgbanwe nke anụ ahụ a nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe.[18]

  1. ↑ Warburg O (24 February 1956). "On the Origin of Cancer Cells". Science 123 (3191): 309–14. DOI:10.1126/science.123.3191.309. PMID 13298683. 
  2. ↑ Alfarouk (2014). "Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question.". Oncoscience 1 (12): 777–802. DOI:10.18632/oncoscience.109. PMID 25621294. 
  3. ↑ Mahla (2021). "NIX-mediated mitophagy regulate metabolic reprogramming in phagocytic cells during mycobacterial infection". Tuberculosis 126 (January): 102046. DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2020.102046. PMID 33421909. 
  4. ↑ Alfarouk (2014). "Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question.". Oncoscience 1 (12): 777–802. DOI:10.18632/oncoscience.109. PMID 25621294. 
  5. ↑ Vazquez (2010). "Catabolic efficiency of aerobic glycolysis: the Warburg effect revisited". BMC Systems Biology 4: 58. DOI:10.1186/1752-0509-4-58. PMID 20459610. 
  6. ↑ Bertram JS (2000). "The molecular biology of cancer". Mol. Aspects Med. 21 (6): 167–223. DOI:10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00007-8. PMID 11173079. 
  7. ↑ Grandér D (1998). "How do mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause cancer?". Med. Oncol. 15 (1): 20–6. DOI:10.1007/BF02787340. PMID 9643526. 
  8. ↑ (2008) "Cancer Cell Metabolism: Warburg and Beyond". Cell 134 (5): 703–7. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.021. PMID 18775299. 
  9. ↑ Brand (2010). "Biographical Sketch: Otto Heinrich Warburg, PhD, MD". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 468 (11): 2831–2832. DOI:10.1007/s11999-010-1533-z. PMID 20737302. 
  10. ↑ Pedersen (February 2007). "The cancer cell's "power plants" as promising therapeutic targets: an overview". Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 39 (1): 1–12. DOI:10.1007/s10863-007-9070-5. ISSN 0145-479X. PMID 17404823. 
  11. ↑ (2014) "Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question". Oncoscience 1 (12): 777–802. DOI:10.18632/oncoscience.109. PMID 25621294. 
  12. ↑ (February 2016) "Tumor metabolism, cancer cell transporters, and microenvironmental resistance". Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31 (6): 859–866. DOI:10.3109/14756366.2016.1140753. PMID 26864256. 
  13. ↑ (20 January 2011) "Tumor acidity as evolutionary spite". Cancers 3 (1): 408–14. DOI:10.3390/cancers3010408. PMID 24310355. 
  14. ↑ (November 2004) "Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis?". Nature Reviews. Cancer 4 (11): 891–9. DOI:10.1038/nrc1478. PMID 15516961. 
  15. ↑ (September 2006) "Cancer's molecular sweet tooth and the Warburg effect". Cancer Research 66 (18): 8927–30. DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1501. PMID 16982728. 
  16. ↑ Luis (2019). "Warburg Effect Inversion: Adiposity shifts central primary metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells" (in en). Life Sciences 223: 38–46. DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.016. PMID 30862570. 
  17. ↑ The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells? Trends in Biochemical Sciences- M.V. Liberti, J.W. Locasale. January 2016
  18. ↑ Seyfried (26 June 2012). Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer. Wiley. ISBN 9780470584927. 
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