Jump to content

Edaphorology

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

Edaphology (nke sitere na Greek ἔδαφος, edaphos 'ground' + -λογία, -logia) na-emetụta mmetụta nke ala na ihe ndị dị ndụ, karịsịa osisi.[1][2][3] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ngalaba abụọ nke sayensị ala, nke ọzọ bụ pedology.[4][5][6] Edaphology gụnyere ọmụmụ banyere otú ala si emetụta ojiji ụmụ mmadụ na-eji ala na-eto eto[7] nakwa ka ndị mmadụ na-eji ala eme ihe n'ozuzu ya.[8]. Ebe izugbe n'ime edaphology bụ sayensị ala ugbo (nke a na-akpọ agrology na mpaghara ụfọdụ) na sayensị ala gburugburu.[9] Pedology na-ekwu maka pedogenesis, ọdịdị ala, na nhazi ala.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke edaphology adịghị mfe, ebe ọ bụ na okwu abụọ ọzọ maka sayensị ala - pedology na edaphology - bụ ndị a na-amaghị nke ọma na mbụ.[1] Friedrich Albert Fallou bu ụzọ chepụta pedology na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dị ka sayensị bụ isi nke dị iche na sayensị a na-etinye n'ọrụ nke agrology, okwu bu ụzọ maka edaphology, [2] ọdịiche dị na nghọta dị ugbu a nke edaphology.[3] N'ime narị afọ nke 20, a "na-ewepụ okwu edaphology na sayensị ala [pedology-centric] mana a nọgidere na-eji ya eme ihe iji dozie nsogbu edaphic na nkuzi ndị ọzọ. [4] N'ihe banyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ala Russia, a na-eji edaphology eme ihe dị ka okwu kwekọrọ na pedology, na Spain, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọmụma ala nabatara edaphology karịa okwu pedology. [5][6] Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ala na-amata edaphology dị ka alaka nke sayensị ụwa dị mkpa ma na-akwado alaka pedology.[7]

-" data-="27" href="./Xenophon" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Xenophon">Xenophon (431-355 BC), na Cato (234-149 BC), bụ ndị ọkà mmụta ala mbụ. Xenophon kwuru mmetụta bara uru nke ịtụgharị ihe ọkụkụ mkpuchi n'ime ụwa. Cato dere De Agri Cultura ("On Farming"), nke na-atụ aro Ịkụ ugbo, ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ, na iji legumes na ntụgharị iji wuo nitrogen ala. O chepụtakwara nkewa nke mbụ maka ikike ala maka ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ.

-" data-linkid="38" href="./Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577-1644) mere nnwale a ma ama, na-akụ osisi willow n'ime ite ala ma na-enye naanị mmiri ozuzo ruo afọ ise. Ibu osisi ahụ nwetara karịrị ibu nke ala. O kwubiri na e ji mmiri mee willow. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị akụkụ ziri ezi, nnwale ya kpaliri mmasị na edaphology.[8]

Mpaghara ọmụmụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sayensị ala

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sayensị ala ọrụ ugbo bụ itinye kemịkalụ ala, physics, na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-emetụta mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ. N'ihe gbasara kemịkalụ ala, ọ na-ekwusi ike na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke dị mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ugbo, ọkachasị maka uto ala na ihe ndị na-eme ka fatịlaịza.

A na-ejikọta Ọdịdị ala na ịgba mmiri na mmiri.

Ịkpa ala bụ omenala siri ike n'ime sayensị ala. E wezụga igbochi mbuze ala na mmebi n'ala ihe ọkụkụ, ọrụ ugbo na-achọ ịkwado ihe onwunwe ala ugbo site na iji Ihe na-eme ka ala dị mma na ihe ọkụkụ kpuchie.

Sayensị ala gburugburu ebe obibi

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sayensị ala gburugburu ebe obibi na-amụ mmekọrịta anyị na pedosphere karịrị mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ. Isi ihe na etinyere akụkụ nke ubi adreesị vadose zone ọrụ, septic drain ubi ntule na ọrụ, ọgwụgwọ ala nke mmiri mkpofu, oké mmiri ozuzo, ihize nchịkwa, ala mmetọ na ọla na pesticides, imezi ala nke mmetọ, mweghachi nke ala mmiri, mmebi ala, na njikwa nri gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-amụkwa ala n'ihe gbasara atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe, okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, na mmiri ozuzo acid.

Mmepụta ihe na edaphology

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmepụta ihe emetụtala ụzọ ala si emekọrịta ihe na osisi n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Mmụba nke mmepụta igwe emeela ka e nwee oke ọla dị arọ n'ime ala. A hụwokwa ọla ndị a dị arọ n'ihe ọkụkụ.[9] Ọ bụ ezie na, mmụba ojiji nke fatịlaịza na ọgwụ ahụhụ emeela ka ihe oriri dị n'ala belata.[10]

Mgbanwe n'omume ọrụ ugbo, dị ka monocropping na ịkọ ugbo, n'ihi mmepụta ihe emetụtawokwa akụkụ nke edaphology. Usoro monocropping dị irè maka owuwe ihe ubi na usoro azụmaahịa mana ọ na-eduga na mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche. A na-egosi mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche na-ebelata ihe oriri dị n'ala.[11] Ọzọkwa, monocropping na-eduga n'ịbawanye ịdabere na fatịlaịza kemịkal.[12] Ọ bụ ezie na ịkọ ugbo siri ike na-enye nsogbu obodo nke microorganism ndị bi na ala. Microorganisms ndị a na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri n'ala na ikuku ikuku nke dị oke mkpa maka uto osisi.[13]

Hụkwa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Ọrụ ala
  • Nnyocha ụmụ anụmanụ n'ala
  • Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide

Ihe edeturu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. ↑ Shaw (2001). "A Glossary of Soil Terms (1928)". Soil Science Society of America Journal 9. 
  2. ↑ Fallou (1862). Pedology or General and Special Soil Science. “Agricultural soil science (agrology) is the knowledge of the soil in its relation to the plant and agricultural use. It has only to do with arable land suitable for agriculture, and in a way of speaking it is a kind of liturgy of the soil, for in order to grow usable plants upon it, it must first be artificially prepared.” 
  3. ↑ Shaw (2001). "Is Pedology Soil Science? (1930)". Soil Science Society of America Journal B11: 30–33. DOI:10.2136/sssaj1930.036159950B1120010005x. 
  4. ↑ Chertov (2018). "Edaphology in the structure of soil science and ecosystem ecology". Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology 3 (3). DOI:10.21685/2500-0578-2018-3-2. 
  5. ↑ Tseits (2005). "Soil Science Web Resources: A Practical Guide to Search Procedures and Search Engines". Eurasian Soil Science 38 (2). Retrieved on 2008-01-07. 
  6. ↑ Herreño (September 2023). "Edaphosphere: A Perspective of Soil Inside the Biosphere" (in en). Earth 4 (3): 691–697. DOI:10.3390/earth4030036. ISSN 2673-4834. 
  7. ↑ Chertov (2018). "Edaphology in the structure of soil science and ecosystem ecology". Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology 3 (3). DOI:10.21685/2500-0578-2018-3-2. 
  8. ↑ Xenophon, Cato and Van Helmont: see page 9-12 in Miller (1998). Soils in Our Environment, 8th, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-610882-5. 
  9. ↑ Saeed (2023-01-01). "Nanoremediation approaches for the mitigation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables: An overview" (in en). Nanotechnology Reviews 12 (1). DOI:10.1515/ntrev-2023-0156. ISSN 2191-9097. 
  10. ↑ Arora (2016-06-01). "Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview" (in en). Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8 (2): 1126–1132. DOI:10.31018/jans.v8i2.929. ISSN 2231-5209. 
  11. ↑ Fahad (January 2022). "Agroforestry Systems for Soil Health Improvement and Maintenance" (in en). Sustainability 14 (22): 14877. DOI:10.3390/su142214877. ISSN 2071-1050. 
  12. ↑ Ehrmann (2014-03-01). "Plant: soil interactions in temperate multi-cropping production systems" (in en). Plant and Soil 376 (1): 1–29. DOI:10.1007/s11104-013-1921-8. ISSN 1573-5036. 
  13. ↑ Indoria (2017). "Conservation agriculture – a panacea to improve soil physical health". Current Science 112 (1): 52–61. DOI:10.18520/cs/v112/i01/52-61. ISSN 0011-3891. 

Ebem si dee

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Njikọ mpụga

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edaphorology&oldid=179473