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Edith Ballantyne

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Edith Ballantyne
mmádu
Ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
Mba o sịCzechoslovakia, Kánada Dezie
Aha n'asụsụ obodoEdith Ballantyne Dezie
Aha ọmụmụEdith Müller Dezie
Aha enyereEdith Dezie
Aha ezinụlọ yaBallantyne Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya10 Disemba 1922 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụKrnov Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya25 Maachị 2025 Dezie
Asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaEnglish, Czech Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụpeace activist Dezie
Onye were ọrụWILPF Nigeria Dezie
Oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1968 Dezie
Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe)1998 Dezie
Ihe nriteGandhi Peace Award Dezie
 


Edith Ballantyne bụ onye (amụrụ na Disemba 10, 1922 wee nwụọ na Machị 25, 2025) bụrụ kwa nwa amaala Czech Canada, onye bụ onye a ma ama na, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) kemgbe afọ 1969. N'oge ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke nzukọ mba ụwa, nke dị na Geneva, Switzerland, na-eje ozi na ikike ahụ ruo afọ iri abụọ na atọ. N'agbata afọ 1992 na afọ 1998, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche mba ụwa nke nzukọ ahụ. N'afọ 1995, a kwanyeere ya ugwu dị ka onye natara onyinye udo Gandhi .

Oge ọ malitere ndụ.

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A mụrụ Edith Müller na 10 Disemba 1922 na Jägerndorf, akụkụ nke Czech Silesia na Rosa na Alois Müller. A zụlitere ya na Czechoslovakia ruo mgbe Sudeten Crisis nke 1938. Ezinụlọ ahụ buru ụzọ gbaga England, ma site na afọ 1939 gaa Canada, ebe ụlọ ọrụ Canadian Pacific Railway Company debere ha ka ha rụọ ọrụ ugbo na British Columbia. N'enweghị ike ịkwado ezinụlọ ha, ha kwagara Toronto na afọ 1941, ebe Müller chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ. N'enweghị ike ịsụ Bekee, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) kụziiri ya asụsụ ahụ, bụ ndị na-agbaso ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Bohemian ma gbalịa inyere ha aka ime mgbanwe na ndụ na Canada. N'ịbanye na WILPF, Müller hụrụ ozi ha banyere pacifism na ikike mmadụ na-akpali akpali, mana ọ hapụrụ njikọ ya mgbe ọ kwagara Montreal na afọ 1945. Na July 1948, Müller lụrụ Campbell Ballantyne, onye ọrụ nke International Labour Office ma soro ya kwaga Geneva n'ikpeazụ n'otu afọ ahụ. [1][2][3]

Ọrụ

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Mgbe ọ bịarutere Switzerland, Ballantyne malitere ọrụ na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa, na ngalaba mbipụta, dị ka osote onye nduzi. Mgbe afọ ise gachara, ọ hapụrụ ọkwa ahụ iji lekọta ụmụ anọ nke di na nwunye ahụ. Mgbe afọ iri abụọ nke ibi na Geneva gasịrị, ọ chọpụtara na isi ụlọ ọrụ WILPF dị ebe ahụ ma wepụta onwe ya ije ozi na 1968. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke nzukọ ahụ,[1][2] ma nakwere ọrụ oge niile iji rụọ ọrụ iji melite mmekọrịta WILPF na NGOs na United Nations (UN).[4] Na 1970, ọ gara Nzukọ nke Iri na Asaa nke WILPF, nke e mere na New Delhi, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'echiche ya maka ịhazi nnwere onwe na udo. Ọ ghọtara na ọ bụrụ na e mechaala ụzọ udo iji dozie esemokwu, a ga-enwerịrị ụzọ isi mata na ndị a na-emegbu nwere ike iji ime ihe ike mee ihe, ndị otu ya nwekwara ike ịkwado ime ihe ike na-enweghị ịkatọ ndị a na-emegbu bụ ndị chere na nhọrọ ndị ọzọ adịghị.[5] Arụmụka ndị sochiri nzukọ ahụ mere ka e nwee mkpebi na ịchụso udo n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya enweghị ike dochie nnabata na ebumnuche kachasị elu nke udo bụ ikwe ka ndị mmadụ nweta nnwere onwe ha ma bie ndụ n'efu.[6] Na 1972, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi ọrụ WILPF na UN.[7] Njem ya na India sochiri na 1975 ya na otu ndị na-ekiri ihe na-eme njem nlegharị anya na Middle East, nke kpaliri Ballantyne ịtụ aro ka WILPF gbaa mbọ ka mkparịta ụka na-aga n'ihu n'etiti ndị na-ese okwu mana ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche n'okwu ndị dị ka ime ihe ike na mmegbu ikike mmadụ nke sitere na ya, kama ịkpata esemokwu.[8] O kwenyere na ọrụ WILPF bụ ịgba akụkụ abụọ ahụ ume ịchọta ụzọ udo iji bie ndụ n'elekwasịghị anya n'onye ga-ata ụta maka ọnọdụ ahụ ma ọ bụ onye a na-emejọ.[9][10]

Na 1976, a họpụtara Ballantyne ka ọ duzie Mgbakọ nke Òtù Ndị Na-abụghị nke Gọọmentị (CONGO) nke UN.[11] ma jee ozi dị ka onyeisi oche ya ruo afọ isii sochirinụ.[12] Dịka onye nnọchite anya jidere ọkwa ahụ site n'aka otu ndị na-akwado udo, o meghere ụzọ maka ịchụso ebumnuche mkpofu ngwa agha.[11][13] Na 1978, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Indigenous People' Centre for Documentation, Research and Information (Docip), nke e mepụtara iji kwado ma dekọọ nnọchite anya nke ndị Indigenous na UN na n'ọgbakọ mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.[14] Mgbe e mere Ogbako Ụwa Maka Ụmụnwaanyị, 1980 na [[Copenhagen, Ballantyne jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke mmepe mmemme maka NGO Forum, na-ahụ na e tinyere uche nke ọma n'udo na mwepụ ngwa agha na mkparịta ụka nke ogbako dị iche iche.[15][16] O nwere kọmitii nhazi abụọ, otu na Geneva na nke ọzọ na New York City, iji hụ na ọtụtụ onyinye sitere n'aka otu dị iche iche bụ ntọala nke ogbako ahụ.[17] N'afọ sochirinụ, o nyere aka mepụta ogbako "Ụmụ nwanyị nke Europe n'Ọrụ maka Udo" nke nwere ebumnuche nke ịkpọkọta ndị na-akwado ikike ime ihe ike na ndị na-akwado ikike ime ihe ike iji mụọ egwu na-akpali asọmpi ngwa agha ma mepụta mmemme maka inyocha mmepe na mkparịta ụka udo.[18] Na 1983, Ballantyne so n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 10,000 zutere ndị ọchịagha n'isi ụlọ ọrụ NATO iji mee mkpesa maka ntinye ngwa agha ọhụrụ na Europe.[19] E tinyere ngwa agha ndị a n'agbanyeghị ngagharị iwe, obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, mba Amerịka wakporo Grenada. Site na itinye aka na agha Contra, Ballantyne duziri "Nzukọ Mba Nile na Nicaragua na Udo na Etiti Amerịka" ya na Adolfo Pérez Esquivel na Lisbon na 1984 iji kparịta banyere mmụba nke asọmpi ngwa agha]].[20] Isi ya n'ịgbaso atụmatụ abụọ a ma ama iji nweta udo na ịkwado òtù ndị jụrụ ịnabata atụmatụ ọdịnala ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke amụma WILPF iji nabata ụzọ abụọ iji kwado ngagharị iwe udo.[17] Ballantyne jere ozi ọzọ dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii atụmatụ nke ogbako NGO maka Ogbakọ Ụwa Maka Ụmụ Nwanyị, 1985 nke a ga-eme na Nairobi. E guzobere Ụlọikwuu Udo, echiche nke Ballantyne kwadoro, n'ogige nke Mahadum nke Nairobi wee bụrụ isi ihe na ogbako ahụ. N'ụlọikwuu ahụ, e nwere nnọkọ kwa ụbọchị ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-atụle mmetụta agha nwere n'ahụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka..[21][22][23] Na 1992, Ballantyne ghọrọ Onyeisi Mba Nile nke WILPF ma jee ozi n'ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ isii sochirinụ.[1][24] Na 1995, e nyere ya nsọpụrụ dịka onye natara Nrite Udo nke Gandhi.[25]

Ballantyne nwụrụ site na ọrịa n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Geneva, Switzerland, na 25 Maachị 2025, mgbe ọ dị afọ 102.[26][27]


Hụkwa

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  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo

Edensibịa

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Ihe ndị e kwuru

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  1. 1 2 3 Cassigneul 2014.
  2. 1 2 Ruby 2012.
  3. ↑ Foster 1989, pp. 155–156.
  4. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 156.
  5. ↑ Foster 1989, pp. 61–63.
  6. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 64.
  7. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 104.
  8. ↑ Foster 1989, pp. 79–80.
  9. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 82.
  10. ↑ Confortini 2012, p. 106.
  11. 1 2 Foster 1989, pp. 77–78.
  12. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 159.
  13. ↑ Winslow 1995, p. 145.
  14. ↑ Birraux, Pierrette (2025). "Justice. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: More Than 25 Years of Struggle at the United Nations", ABC Arts & Museums: Colonial History and Indigenous Voices (in en). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 96–97. ISBN 978-3-11-221825-9. 
  15. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 79.
  16. ↑ Winslow 1995, pp. 144–145.
  17. 1 2 Confortini 2012, p. 124.
  18. ↑ Foster 1989, pp. 84–85.
  19. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 92.
  20. ↑ Foster 1989, p. 93.
  21. ↑ Foster 1989, pp. 95–97.
  22. ↑ Winslow 1995, p. 147.
  23. ↑ Confortini 2012, pp. 126–128.
  24. ↑ Ford 2015.
  25. ↑ Mathai, John & Joseph 2002, p. 83.
  26. ↑ Montgomery, Sue (4 April 2025). Peace advocate Edith Ballantyne had unwavering faith in humanity. The Globe and Mail.
  27. ↑ Edith Ballantyne – Edith Ballantyne (en-AU).

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