Ejiji ọgwụ nke fungus
fungi ọgwụ bụ fungus nke nwere metabolites ma ọ bụ enwere ike ime ka ọ mepụta metabolites site na biotechnology iji ịzulite Ndenye ọgwụ Ngwakọta ndị e mepụtara nke ọma n'ime ọgwụ ma ọ bụ n'okpuru nyocha gụnyere ọgwụ nje, ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa kansa, cholesterol na ergosterol synthesis inhibitors, ọgwụ psychotropic, immunosuppressants na fungicides.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][1] N' agbanyeghị na a n'eji ngwaahịa fungus eme ihe na ọgwụ ọdịnala, ikike ịchọpụta ihe bara uru ma wepụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ malitere site na nchọpụta penicillin site na Alexander Fleming n'afọ 1928. Kemgbe ahụ, a chọtara ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje nwere ike ime na ikike maka fungi dị iche iche iji mepụta mkpụrụ ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche kemgbe n'eme nnyocha. [2]nyocha Ọgwụ chọpụtara ihe ndị n'Igbochi nje, nje virus, na ihe ndị n'egbochi nje virus site na nje fungus.
Ganoderma lucidum, nke a maara na Chinese dị ka líng zhī ("osisi mmụọ"), na n'ime Japanese dị ka mannentake ("ero10,000-afọ"), amụọla ya nke ọma. [citation needed] Ụdị ọzọ nke genusGanoderma, G. applanatum, ka nọ n'okpuru nyocha bụ isi. [citation needed] E ji Inonotus obliquus mee ihe na Russia na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na isii; ọ pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Alexander Solzhenitsyn nke 1967 Cancer Ward . [3]
Nnyocha na mmepe ọgwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọrịa kansa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enweghị ezigbo ihe akaebe [4] ụdị ero ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla e wepụrụ na eto nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ gwọọ kansa.
[5],11'-Dideoxyverticillin A, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Penicillium mmiri, ejiri ya mepụta ọtụtụ ihe n'egbochi ọrịa kansa. [6],11'-Dideoxyverticillin A, andrastin A, barceloneic acid B">barceloneic acid A, na barcelonelic acid B, bụ ndị n'egbochi farnesyl transferase nke Penicillium nwere ike ime. 3-O-Methylfunicone, anicequol, duclauxin, na rubratoxin B, bụ ihe n'egbochi ọrịa kansa / cytotoxic metabolites nke Penicillium. [citation needed]
[7]Penicillium bụ isi iyi nke ọgwụ leukemia asparaginase.
[8] Ụfọdụ Mba akwadowo beta-glucan fungal extracts lentinan, polysaccharide-K, na Polysaccharide peptide dị ka Ihe enyemaka n'ahụ maka ahụike.
Ihe n'egbochi nje (ihe na-egbu nje)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Alexander Fleming duziri ụzọ maka Ọgwụ nje beta-lactam ya na Penicillium ebu na penicillin. Nchọpụta ndị sochirinụ gụnyere alamethicin, aphidicolin, brefeldin A, cephalosporin, [9] cerulenin, citromycin, eupenifeldin, fumagillin, [1] fusafungin, fusidic acid, [2] helvolic acid, [3] itaconic acid, MT81, nigrosporin B, usnic acid, Verrucarin A, vermiculin na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
Antibiotics retapamulin, tiamulin, na valnemulin bụ ihe ndị sitere na fungal metabolite pleuromutilin. Plectasin, austrocortilutein, austrocortirubin, coprinol, oudemansin A, strobilurin, Illudin, pterulone, na sparassol nọ n'okpuru nyocha maka ọrụ ọgwụ nje ha. [citation needed]
Ndị n'egbochi cholesterol biosynthesis
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[10]Statins bụ ụdị dị mkpa nke ọgwụ n'ebelata cholesterol; ọgbọ mbụ nke statins sitere na fungus. [10]Lovastatin, statin mbụ nke azụmahịa, ka e si na ofe gbara uka nke Aspergillus terreus wepụta. Mmepụta [11] ụlọ ọrụ ugbua nwere ike ịmepụta 70 mg lovastatin kwa kilogram nke ihe nkedo. Mkpụrụ osikapa na-acha ọbara ọbara, Monascus purpureus, nwere ike ịmepụta lovastatin, mevastatin, na onye n'ebute simvastatin monacolin J. Nicotinamide riboside, onye n'egbochi cholesterol biosynthesis, bụ nke Saccharomyces cerevisiae na-eme. [citation needed]
Ndị na-emegide ịkwa iko
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Discovery and Development of Penicillin. American Chemical Society, International Historic Chemical Landmarks (2020). Retrieved on 11 March 2020.
- ↑ (1998) "Production of antibiotics by Collybia nivalis, Omphalotus olearis, a Favolaschia and a Pterula species on natural substrates". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53 (5–6): 318–24. DOI:10.1515/znc-1998-5-604. PMID 9705612.
- ↑ (July 2010) "Chemical diversity of biologically active metabolites in the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus and submerged culture strategies for up-regulating their production". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 87 (4): 1237–54. DOI:10.1007/s00253-010-2682-4. PMID 20532760.
- ↑ Medicinal mushrooms in cancer treatment. Cancer Research UK. Retrieved on 4 November 2022.
- ↑ Trafton. "Research update: Chemists find help from nature in fighting cancer", MIT News, 27 February 2013.
- ↑ Overy (November 2005). "Andrastin A and barceloneic acid metabolites, protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors from Penicillium albocoremium: chemotaxonomic significance and pathological implications". Mycological Research 109 (11): 1243–1249. DOI:10.1017/s0953756205003734. PMID 16279417.
- ↑ (2012) "Kinetic studies of L-asparaginase from Penicillium digitatum". Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 42 (6): 574–81. DOI:10.1080/10826068.2012.672943. PMID 23030468.
- ↑ (June 2013) "The use of lentinan for treating gastric cancer". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 13 (5): 681–8. DOI:10.2174/1871520611313050002. PMID 23092289.
- ↑ Broadbent (July 1966). "Antibiotics Produced by Fungi". The Botanical Review 32 (3): 219–242. DOI:10.1007/BF02858660.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 (July 2003) "Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 2 (7): 517–26. DOI:10.1038/nrd1112. PMID 12815379.
- ↑ (2012) "Lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus using agro-biomass as substrate in solid state fermentation". Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology 2012: 196264. DOI:10.1155/2012/196264. PMID 23118499.