Eluigwe na Ala
[1]Eluigwe na Ala bụ eze na oge [lower-alpha 1] na igwe ha. [1] Ọ na-agụnye ihe niile, ihe mkpa dị mkpa, anụ ahụ na ihe na-adịgide adịgide, ya mere ụdị ike niile na ihe dị iche iche, na usoro ha na-etolite, site na obere irighiri atọm. ruo na ọrịa dum. Oghere na oge, dị ka ụzọ cosmological nke Big Bang si dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ 13.787± 0.020 ijeri awụ gara aga, [2] na owo na ala na-agbasawanye anụ ahụ. Taa bekee na alaamụbaala n'ime awụ na nha nke anụ ahụ nanị na a na-ahụ anya dị ka nna na ala a na-ahụ anya, nke dị ihe dị ka ndụ awụ 93 na dayameta n'oge ugbu a, ebe nha oghere, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ
Ndị ọkà ihe ndị Gris oge ochie na ndị India ụfọdụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị mbụ nke mbara igwe na mbara igwe ma bụrụ geocentric, na-etinye ụwa n'etiti. [1] [2] N'ime afọ awụ ndị gafeworonụ, nleba anya na mbara igwe kaziere ya dugara Nicolaus Copernicus ka o njikere ihe nlere anya heliocentric na ọmụmụ n'etiti etiti Sistemu ọmụmụ . N'ịmepe iwu nke ndọda ụwa, Isaac Newton wuru n'elu ọrụ Copernicus yana iwu Johannes Kepler nke ihe mbara ala na nleba anya nke Tycho Brahe
. [2]Nkwalite nleba anya ọzọ mere ka a mata na-abụ otu n'ime ugboro ole na ole na-taa dalilai Milky Way, nke bụ otu n'ime ozi ịkpọ òkù ole na ole na mbara igwe a na-ahụ anya. Pupọ ndị dị na ikike nwere mbara ala . N'ọtụtụ dị ukwuu, a na-ekesa ike n'otu n'otu na otu n'ihe niile, nke egwuregwu na ọgụ na ala ọnụ ma ọ bụ etiti. N'ihe ọtụ̀tụ̀ dị nta, a na-ekesa akwụkwọ ikike n'ụyọkọ na nnukwu ngwá bụ́ ndị na-etolite nnukwu filament na oghere na mbara mbara, na-pic nnukwu ihe owuwu dị ka faịlịfụ. [1] Ihe ndị a na-ahụ ná ịrịba afụ nke 20 Sign na-egosi na ụwa nwere ikike nakwa na ọ nọwo na-agbasa ahụ ahụ.
Dị ka Big Bang tiori si kwuo, ike na ihe dị na mbụ adịla obere ka eluigwe na ala gbasaa. Mgbe mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa nke mbụ a na-akpọ oge inflationary na gburugburu 10 -32 sekọnd, na nkewa nke ike anọ mara amara, eluigwe na ụwa ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dị jụụ ma nọgide na-agbasawanye, na-enye ohere nke mbụ subatomic particles na atoms dị mfe ịmalite. Ihe gbara ọchịchịrị ji nke nta nke nta gbakọta, na-akpụ ihe dị ka ụfụfụ nke filaments na voids n'okpuru mmetụta nke ike ndọda . A na-eji nke nta nke nta dọta nnukwu ígwé ojii nke hydrogen na helium n'ebe ihe gbara ọchịchịrị kacha sie ike, na-akpụ ụyọkọ kpakpando mbụ, kpakpando, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ a na-ahụ taa.
[3]Site n'ịmụ asụsụ nke mkpọ, a na-ebu na ibu na ala nwere ọtụtụ ihe ihe a na-ahụ anya na-agụta; ọrịa, ọrịa, nebulas na gas interstellar. A na-akpọ ihe a na-ahụ ahụ anya dị ka ihe gbara mgbochi [1] ( , umu na-egosi na ọtụtụ ihe na-egosi siri ike na-egosi na ọ dị, mana anyị na-eme mmemme [1]). Ụdị ΛCDM bụ ihe nlere anya nke ụwa niile nabatara. Ọ na-atụ aro na ịhụnanya 69.2%± 1.2% nke uka na ike na ike na ala bụ ike nke bụ maka osooso nke mgbasawanye nke ọrịa na ala, na-ahụ 25.8%± 1.1% bụ iwu okwu. [2] Ya mere okwu zoro (' baryonic ') bụ naanị 4.84%± 0.1% nke ọnụnọ na ihe kpatara. [2] Kpakpando, mbara ala, na igwe ojii gas a na-ahụ anya na-etolite 6% nke ihe ndakpọ
A kọwapụtara eluigwe na ụwa nkịtị dị ka oghere na oge niile [lower-alpha 1] (a na-akpọkọta ọnụ dị ka spacetime ) na ọdịnaya ha. [4] Ọdịnaya dị otú ahụ gụnyere ike niile n'ụdị ya dị iche iche, gụnyere radieshon electromagnetic na ihe, yabụ mbara ala, ọnwa, kpakpando, ụyọkọ kpakpando, na ọdịnaya nke oghere intergalactic . [5] [6] Eluigwe na Ala gụnyekwara iwu anụ ahụ nke na-emetụta ike na ihe, dị ka iwu nchekwa, ọrụ oge gboo, na mmekọ . [7]Àtụ:Nature timeline
N'ime akụkụ mbụ nke otu abụọ nke ịdị adị nke eluigwe na ala, ike anọ bụ́ isi ekewaala. Ka eluigwe na ụwa gara n'ihu na-ajụ oyi site n'ọnọdụ ya na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweghị atụ, ụdị irighiri ihe dị iche iche nke subatomic nwere ike ịmalite n'oge dị mkpirikpi nke a maara dị ka oge quark, oge hadron, na oge lepton . Ọnụ, oge ndị a gbakọtara ihe na-erughị sekọnd 10 nke oge na-eso Big Bang. Ihe ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a jikọtara n'ụzọ kwụsiri ike na njikọta buru ibu, gụnyere protons na neutrons kwụsiri ike, bụ nke meziri nuclei atọ dị mgbagwoju anya site na ngwakọta nuklia . [8] [9]
- ↑ Greene (2011). The Hidden Reality. Alfred A. Knopf.
- ↑ Hawking, Stephen (1988). A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-05340-1.
- ↑ Persic (September 1, 1992). "The baryon content of the Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 258 (1): 14P–18P. DOI:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Zeilik (1998). Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics, 4th, Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 978-0-03-006228-5. “The totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be.”
- ↑ Universe. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved on September 21, 2012.
- ↑ Universe. Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved on September 21, 2012.
- ↑ Schreuder (2014). Vision and Visual Perception. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4808-1294-9. Retrieved on January 27, 2016.
- ↑ Johnson (February 2019). "Populating the periodic table: Nucleosynthesis of the elements" (in en). Science 363 (6426): 474–478. DOI:10.1126/science.aau9540. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30705182.
- ↑ Durrer (2008). The Cosmic Microwave Background. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84704-9.