Environment in the People's Republic of China
| ihu nke | natural environment  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | China |
Gburugburu ebe obibi nke China ( Asụsụ China) nwere biotas dị iche iche, ihu igwe, na ala. Otito ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta, onu ogugu ibu, na-elekwa gburugburu ebe obibi nlekọta mere ka ọtụtụ na gburugburu ebe obibi mbipụta na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nwee mmetọ. [1]
Mmụta Ala dị n'ụwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
China bụ mba nke anọ kacha ibu site na mpaghara, yabụ na ọ bụ obodo dị iche iche na Mmụta Ala. Mmụta Ala China nwere ike ikewa n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ, ndị loess dị larịị, na Mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ alluvial China mbara ọzara, ugwu n'ebe ndịda nke Osimiri Yangzi, na ndị ọzọ.
Biota[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Anụ ọhịa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
China bụ ebe obibi dị iche iche nke anụ ọhịa. A na-ewere ya na ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo nwere ọtụtụ anụmanụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na oke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụdịri anụmanụ nọ na ihe ize ndụ n'ụwa. Ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ nwere ọtụtụ anụmanụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na oke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụdịri anụmanụ nọ na ihe ize ndụnọ na ihe ize ndụ na China.
Osisi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
China nwere ahịhịa dị iche iche, nke nwere ihe karịrị ụdị osisi puku iri atọ malitere na obodo a.
Ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbanwe ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnọdụ gọọmentị China na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-ese okwu. China bụ obodo na-ebute carbon dioxide kachasị n'ụwa ugbu a n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị nchịkọta kacha ukwuu. China akwadola Protocol Kyoto, mana dịka mba na-abụghị Annex I, achọrọ ka amachibido ikuku anwuru ọkụ n'okpuru usoro nkwekọrịta ahụ.
Ebe echekwara nke China[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ebe echekwara na China. A na-echedo ụdị ebe nchekwa ọ bụla na ọkwa mba, mpaghara, ma ọ bụ ogbe.
Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta, mmụba nke ndị mmadụ, na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi adịghị mma akpatala ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka nnukwu mmetọ na China . [2] Ka ọ na-eru afọ 2013, Beijing, nke dị na nnukwu efere ala, nwere ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa, yana ikpo ọkụ, na-agbagharị ikuku na -ebute oke mmetọ dị elu n'oge ọnwa oyi. [3]
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 2013, ezigbo ikuku urughuru nke na-ebute nnukwu ihe egwu ahụike, rịrị elu ruo microgram narị itoolu na iri itoolu na atọ kwa cubic mita na Beijing, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntuziaka Ụlọ ọrụ Ahụike Mba Ụwa nke na-erughị iri abụọ na ise. Ụlọ akụ ụwa mere atụmatụ na obodo iri na isii n'ime mmetọ kacha emetọ n'ụwa dị na China. [4]
Dabere na Jared Diamond, isi isii nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke China bụ: mmetọ ikuku, nsogbu mmiri, nsogbu ala, mbibi ebe obibi, mfu nke ihe dị ndụ na oru ngo ukwu. Diamond kwukwara na, "A ma China ama maka ugboro ole, ọnụọgụ, oke na mmebi nke ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha".
Ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala China bidoro na -eche ma mmetọ ikuku bụ ihe kpatara mmụba nke ọrịa kansa akpa ume. Ajụjụ a malitere ibili n'ihi na ụmụ amaala nọ na China ga-eyi ihe mkpuchi ihu mgbe niile iji zere iku ume na ikuku dị ize ndụ site na mbara ikuku ha metọrọ. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na ọ bụ ya kpatara ya, mana ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na enweghị ezigbo ihe akaebe. Wang Ning, osote onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Ụlọ ọrụ Beijing nke mgbochi na njikwa, kwuru na ya ahụla ịrị elu nke ọrịa kansa akpọrọ adenicarcinoma, nke bụ imi nke a na-ahụta ka ọ bụ mmetụta sitere na mmetọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa kansa akpa ume China bụ Pacentị iri atọ na abụọ nke ndị ọrịa kansa akpa ume ụwa niile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ka ọrịa kansa akpa ume na-abawanye, ọnya afọ, esophageal, na ọrịa cancer akpala belatara na China. [5]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Elizabeth Economy (ọkachamara gburugburu ebe obibi China)
- Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na China
- Usoro Ozi Geographic na China
- Mpaghara oyi na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge oyi
- Ojiji ala na China
Ebensidee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Edward Wong. "As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting", The New York Times, March 21, 2013. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
- ↑ Edward Wong. "Cost of Environmental Damage in China Growing Rapidly Amid Industrialization", The New York Times, March 29, 2013. Retrieved on March 30, 2013.
- ↑ "2 Major Air Pollutants Increase in Beijing", The New York Times, April 3, 2013. Retrieved on April 4, 2013.
- ↑ Bloomberg News. "Beijing Orders Official Cars Off Roads to Curb Pollution", Bloomberg, 14 January 2013. Retrieved on 27 July 2013.
- ↑ Burkitt (2014-03-10). Pollution: Causing Lung Cancer in China?. WSJ. Retrieved on 2017-05-05.
Ịgụ n'ihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Elvin, Mark. Nlaghachi azụ nke enyí: akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi nke China (Mahadum Yale University, 2004). kwuru
- Heijdra, Martin. "Ederede, Oghere na Oge: Nghọta Ọhụrụ na Akụkọ gburugburu ebe obibi China." Akwụkwọ akụkọ Economic and Social History of the Orient 42.4 (1999): 549-565.
- Maohong, Bao. "Akụkọ banyere gburugburu ebe obibi na China." Gburugburu ebe obibi na akụkọ ihe mere eme (2004): 475-499. online
- Akara, Robert B. China: Akụkọ gburugburu ebe obibi (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017). kwuru