Faịlụ:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

Nke káchá mmá na ányá àdíghị.

Phylogenetic_tree_of_coronaviruses.jpg (571 × 451 pixel, ívù akwukwo orunótu: 75 KB, MIME nke: image/jpeg)

Failụ a si na Wikimedia Commons,enwekwara ike iji ya eme ihe na arụmarụ ọzọ. Nkọwa na ihuakwukwọ nkọwa failụ eziri na okpuru.

Mmẹkụwátá

NkówáPhylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg	English: Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein. Bootstrap values were calculated from 1000 trees. 1118 amino acid positions in Pol were included. The scale bar indicates the estimated number of substitutions per 20 amino acids. All abbreviations for the coronaviruses were the same as those in Figure 1.
Ǹgụ́ụ̀bọ̀chị̀	24 Ọgọọst 2010
Mkpọlọ́gwụ̀	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/
Odé ákwụ́kwọ́	Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau, and Kwok-Yung Yuen

Nkwényé

Usòrò nke á di okpúrù ákwúkwó íwú nke Mmẹ Òkike Tu ụta Ñkịtị édé íwú nke Í kpó áhà nke ádịghị na úlò 3.0.

I wepulara nóru:

i nye – ikọpị,ikekasi na izịpụ ọru a
i dowaria – igbanwee ọrụ a

Ọ ga bụ na ọnọdụ ndi a:

í-kpó-áhà – Ị ga-enyerịrị ugo kwesịrị ekwesị, nye njikọ na ikikere ahụ, ma gosikwa ma emere mgbanwe. Ị nwere ike ime ya n'ụzọ ezi uche ọ bụla, mana ọ bụghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-egosi na onye nyere ikikere kwadoro gị maọbụ ojiji gị.

Ịta nke usòrò

Bìri èhì/ogè k'ị hụ òtù ụ̀fa dị̀ m̀gbè ahụ̀.

	Èhì/Ogè	Mbọ-aka	Ógólógó na asaá	Òjìème	Nkwute
dị ùgbu â	02:42, 7 Maachị 2020		571 × 451 (75 KB)	Guest2625	Uploaded a work by Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau, and Kwok-Yung Yuen from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/ with UploadWizard

Ojiji faịlụ

Ihe ndị na-eso ihe eji Ihu akwụkwọ eme na faịlụ a:

Nje Korona

Ejiji failụ zụrụ ọha

Wikis ndi a edeputara na eji kwa failụ a:

Ihe eji na bn.wikipedia.org
- করোনাভাইরাস
Ihe eji na en.wikipedia.org
- Coronavirus
Ihe eji na fa.wikipedia.org
- کروناویروس
Ihe eji na fr.wikipedia.org
- Coronavirus
Ihe eji na sq.wikipedia.org
- Koronavirusi
Ihe eji na su.wikipedia.org
- Koronavirus

Ómárí nso

Usòrò á nwèrè ụmà nke ozor, ọ ga dí na ȯ byàrà shí nsé nhuunuche nsónùsòrò mà ihe njè nsónùsòrò nke kéré mà nké tonyèrè ya na nsónùsòrò.

Ȯ bụ nà usòrò à gabnwere shí òtù ȯ di nà mgbe mbu, ótù ụmà àgághị è zí ya.

Íshí nhuunuche	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.
Odé ákwụ́kwọ́	Patrick C. Y. Woo
Short title	Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis
JPEG file comment	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.
Keywords	coronavirus genome bioinformatics

Faịlụ:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

Mmẹkụwátá

Nkwényé

Nkowapụta

Ihe ndị egosiri na faịlụ a

depicts ^Bekee

phylogenetic tree ^Bekee

copyright status ^Bekee

copyrighted ^Bekee

ikike nwebiisinka

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported ^Bekee

Oge/afọ mmalite

24 Ọgọọst 2010

MIME ụdị

image/jpeg

Ịta nke usòrò

Ojiji faịlụ

Ejiji failụ zụrụ ọha

Ómárí nso

Mmẹkụwátá

Nkwényé

Nkowapụta

Ihe ndị egosiri na faịlụ a

depicts Bekee

phylogenetic tree Bekee

copyright status Bekee

copyrighted Bekee

ikike nwebiisinka

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Bekee

Oge/afọ mmalite

24 Ọgọọst 2010

MIME ụdị

image/jpeg

Ịta nke usòrò

Ojiji faịlụ

Ejiji failụ zụrụ ọha

Ómárí nso

depicts ^Bekee

phylogenetic tree ^Bekee

copyright status ^Bekee

copyrighted ^Bekee

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported ^Bekee