Fountas na ọkwa ọgụgụ Pinnell
Fountas & Pinnell reading levels (nke a na-akpọkarị "Fountas & Pinniell") bụ usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke Irene Fountas na Gay Su Pinnell mepụtara ma Heinemann bipụtara iji kwado usoro Levelled Literacy Interventions (LLI) nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na ngwaahịa ndị nkuzi. [1]N'ihe ahịa ya, Heinemann na-ezo aka na usoro nhazi ederede ya site na akara ahịa F&P Text Level Gradient.[2]
N'ime usoro a, a na-ekewa ederede ọgụgụ dị iche iche dabere na parameters dị iche iche, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu dị iche iche، ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu ndị dị elu, ogologo ahịrịokwu, mgbagwoju anya nke ahịrịokwu ahụ, ikwughachi okwu, nkwado ihe atụ, wdg. Ọ bụ ezie na nhazi na-eduzi parameters ndị a, ụdị mkpụrụedemede, ihe dị mkpa na mmalite ọgụgụ, anaghị ele ya anya dị ka akụkụ nke usoro nhazi. A na-enye ndị nkụzi obere akwụkwọ nwere njikọta nke ederede na ihe osise maka ọkwa ọ bụla.[3]
Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụaka na-egosipụta nkesa dị ukwuu nke nkà ịgụ ihe, ọkwa ọ bụla na-ejikọta ya na akara ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eji ọkwa ọgụgụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ha. Nke a bụ chaatị nhata ọkwa nke Fountas & Pinnell tụrụ aro ya.[4][5]
| Ọkwa a tụrụ aro ya | Fountas na ọkwa Pinnell |
|---|---|
| K | A, B, C, D |
| 1 | E, F, G, H, I, J |
| 2 | K, L, M |
| 3 | N, O, P |
| 4 | Q, R, S |
| 5 | T, U, V |
| 6 | W, X, Y |
| 7 na 8 | Z |
| Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị / Ndị okenye | Z+ |
Ndị edemede dị iche iche emeela nhazi ndị ọzọ nke nsogbu ịgụ ihe (Nkewa Nweghachi, ọkwa DRA, ọkwa Basal, ọkwa Lexile, wdg).[4]
Nkatọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkatọ nke LLI na ọkwa ọgụgụ Fountas na Pinnell lekwasịrị anya na isi okwu atọ: ọnụọgụ na usoro nke ntụziaka phonics na usoro ahụ; ihe akaebe nyocha maka ịdị irè nke mmemme ahụ; na ihe nlereanya dị n'okpuru nke ịgụ ihe.
Ihe akaebe nyocha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ David A Kilpatrick dere na, ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2015, "enweghi nyocha nyocha na LLI nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọgbọ. "[6]
Na ngosi nke 2018 na US Reading League, ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ Steve Dykstra jụrụ Fountas & Pinnell na-azọrọ na ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nyocha "ọlaedo".[7]
Ihe nlereanya dị n'okpuru ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na nkwupụta ọnọdụ, Learning Difficulties Australia na-ekwu na ọ naghị akwado "ụzọ agụmakwụkwọ nke Fountas na Pinnell mepụtara, gụnyere Levelled Literacy Intervention na Guided Reading" n'ihi na ha bụ "usoro ihe omume ndị na-agbaso asụsụ dum ma ọ bụ 'usoro agụmakwụkwọ ziri ezi'". Kama nke ahụ, LDA na-akwado mmemme ndị bụ ihe atụ nke "ụzọ doro anya maka nkuzi ịgụ ihe [...] kwekọrọ na ihe akaebe sayensị banyere otu ụmụaka si amụta ịgụ na otu esi akụzi ha. "[8]
Kilpatrick na-akatọ ntọala mmemme ahụ na usoro usoro mgbaàmà atọ, "nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịtụle ihe gbara ya gburugburu ma ya mere ọ naghị akwalite nnweta okwu anya. Usoro mgbaàmà atọ nwere nnukwu ọghọm maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị ike".[9]
Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Ontario
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ n'Ontario mepụtara nnukwu akụkọ "Right to Read: nyocha ọha na eze banyere ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na-emetụta ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ ịgụ ihe", nwere akụkụ 8 "Curriculum and instruction" nke a raara nye ịkatọ usoro asụsụ dum, usoro mgbaàmà, yana kpọmkwem agụmakwụkwọ dị mma nke Fountas & Pinnell na ngalaba akpọrọ "Ụzọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ maka ịkụzi ịgụ ihe" na "Balanced Literacy".
Akụkụ na-ekwu maka agụmakwụkwọ dị mma na-ekwughachi "agụmakwụkwọ dị oke mma" dịka okwu na-eduhie eduhie, na nkwupụta ya banyere usoro sayensị enweghị uru. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu na ịgụ na ide dị mma na-emerụkwa ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ mgbe ha na-ada ụmụ akwụkwọ niile n'ozuzu.
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Fountas, I. C. & Pinnell, G. S. (1996). Guided reading: Good first teaching for all children. Portsmith: Heinemann.
- ↑ Text Level Gradient & Guided Reading Levels, a continuum of progress for readers (en). Fountas and Pinnell. Heinemann. Retrieved on 30 November 2019.
- ↑ Level books at heinemann.com
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Level equivalence chart
- ↑ F&P Text Level Gradient™
- ↑ Kilpatrick (2015). Essentials of assessing, preventing, and overcoming reading difficulties. New Jersey: Wiley. ISBN 9781118845240.
- ↑ Dykstra (2015). Understanding Statistics and Research: Even if You Really, Really Hate Math (en). You Tube. Retrieved on 30 November 2019.
- ↑ Position Statement: Approaches to Reading Instruction Supported by LDA. Learning Difficulties Australia. Learning Difficulties Australia. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved on 30 November 2019.
- ↑ Kilpatrick (2015). Essentials of assessing, preventing, and overcoming reading difficulties. New Jersey: Wiley. ISBN 9781118845240.