Frank Cieciorka
Frank Cieciorka (Eprel 26, 1939 - Nọvemba 24, 2008) bụ onye omenkà ihe onye ọrụ, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-azụrụ ndị America . Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara, nke a kpụrụ akpụ nke salute kpọchiri akpọchi, bụ ihe atụ maka akara aka ekpe ọhụrụ .
Cieciroka (che-CHOR-ka) tolitere na Johnson City n'elu steeti New York. Na 1957, ọ gara San Jose State College na California, [1] ebe ọ sonyeere Socialist Party n'ihi mmegide ndị agha America na Dominican Republic na Vietnam . Na 1964, ọ bụ onye nhazi apụta n'oge ụgbọ mmiri Freedom Summer ịdebanye aha ndị ọhụrụ aka ojii na Mississippi wee jee ozi dị ka ike ọrụ ubi maka Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ndị ozi Na- Anya, ozi ndị mere ka ọ mara ụzọ ụkwụ. [1] [2] Cieciroka aka hazie Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, ọzọ na steeti Democratic Party nke ndị ọcha na-achị.
Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ nke aka na nka ụgbọ ụkwụ ruo ruo laa azụ na 1917, na akwụkwọ mmado Industrial Workers of the World, mana Cieciroka gosiri iji ya eme ihe n'oge a. [1] N'ịbụ onyeፍቃ ekele clenched-fist salute na Socialist rally na San Francisco, o gosiri na ọ bụ ihe oyiyi okike maka ike osisi. Ọ na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu mgbe Cieciroka na ndị ọzọ na-egosi ahụ na bọtịnụ ma nye ọtụtụ puku mmadụ na ụzọ ọgụ na ihe ngosi. Check aka maka 1967 Kwụsị Draft Week ihe onye na-edebe ihe ochie na onye ɔkɔ ihe mere eme Lincoln Cushing lere anya "ihe ngị aka ekpe New Left - dị nnọọ mma ma dị mfe akwụkwọghachi, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ maka otu Democratic Society na ndị ọzọ na-ebuli ya azụ." [2] Ọ bụ ebe na Black Panther Party ji dị ka akara ngosi ya bụ isi a panther nke Emory Douglas haziri, kwara ụdị “ekele ike” Mazị Cieciorka n'akwụkwọ ya.
Ụbọchị ndị ọzọ Cieciroka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ "Negroes in American History: A Freedom Primer," nke o dere ma edi ya na Bobbi Dearborn Cieciorka bụ onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na San Jose State. [1] [2] [3] A na-eji akwụkwọ ahụ eme ihe na " ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ onwe " na South America n'oge agha maka ikike obodo. Ihe ngosi ya na-egosi aka anọ na otu aka na-eru na mbara igwe ma ọnọdụ anya ọ bụ nke ejiri aka mee ihe na ike ikike obodo. [4] Ọ sere akwụkwọ mmado maka otu ndị ọrụ United Farm Workers na otu ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ, nyere onyinye na Peoples Press Cooperative ma bụrụ onye isi nka maka akwụkwọ The Movement .
Na odi 1970s ọ kwagara Humboldt County, California wee bụrụ onye na-ese mmiri ama ama nke ukwuu nke odida obodo ya n'ime obodo California. Ọ hụrụ n'anya ya na Alderpoint, California site na emphysema na Nọvemba 24, 2008. [1]
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Heller, Steven, Frank Cieciorka, Designer for the Left, Is Dead at 69, The New York Times, November 27, 2008, accessed June 28, 2013
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na mkpokọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ihe atụ maka ngagharị ahụ, Mpaghara San Francisco Bay, 1968; onye na-ese ihe, Frank Cieciorka; HK Yuen Archive, Mahadum California Berkeley.