Gender analysis
Nnyocha nwoke na nwanyị bụ ụdị nyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-ekpughe otú mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị si emetụta nsogbu mmepe. Ebumnuche ya nwere ike ịbụ igosi na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị ga-emetụta ngwọta ahụ, ma ọ bụ igosi otú ha ga-esi metụta ngwọta ahụ na ihe enwere ike ime. Usoro nyocha nwoke na nwanyị na-enye usoro nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ maka ịme nyocha nwoke na nwanyị.
Echiche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ọtụtụ obodo, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị n'ime ha niile, ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị nsogbu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwoke. Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọmụmụ nke obodo ndị a maka ebumnuche nke atụmatụ mmepe metụtara ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ dị nta n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ahụike na atụmatụ ezinụlọ. A maara obere ihe banyere nchegbu ndị ọzọ dịka ime ihe ike n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ itinye aka na ọrụ akụ na ụba. Nnyocha nwoke na nwanyị na-enyekwu ozi, na-ewetara ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ha uru. Usoro Women in Development (WID) pụtara n'afọ ndị 1970, na-akpọ maka ọgwụgwọ nke "nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị" na ọrụ mmepe. Mgbe e mesịrị, usoro Gender and Development (GAD) tụrụ aro ka e mesie ike na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị kama ịhụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ihe dị iche.
A na-enye ihe atụ nke mmetụta nke ịhapụ nyocha nwoke na nwanyị site na ọrụ nke webatara ụgbọ ala aka n'ime obodo maka iji chịkọta nkụ. E chere na ndị ikom ga-eji ụgbọ ala ahụ anakọta osisi, na-ahapụ ụmụ nwanyị ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'ezie, ndị ikom ahụ chịkọtara osisi ahụ maka ire ere, na-edebe ego ahụ. Ka ha na-agwụ ihe ndị dị nso n'obodo nta ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ aghaghị ịga n'ihu iji chịkọta osisi.
A na-ejikarị nyocha nwoke na nwanyị eme ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka mmepe na ọrụ enyemaka mberede. A ghaghị ịghọta ọrụ ndị ikom na ndị inyom wuru na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na atụmatụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ mmemme, dịka ọrụ ndị metụtara klas, agbụrụ, na afọ. Usoro ndị ahụ dịkwa mkpa n'ịghọta njikwa akụ na ụba. Nnyocha nwoke na nwanyị dị mkpa maka agụmakwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na a ghaghị ime mgbanwe usoro eji arụ ọrụ mmepe iji gboo mkpa nke ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.
Usoro nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro nhazi nnyocha nke Harvard
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro nhazi nnyocha nke Harvard, nke a na-akpọkwa Gender Roles Framework, bụ nke Harvard Institute for International Development mepụtara na mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ Women In Development nke USAID, Catherine Overholt na ndị ọzọ kọwara ya na 1984. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ mbụ nke usoro ndị dị otú ahụ. Ebe mmalite maka usoro ahụ bụ echiche na ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na akụ na ụba maka ọrụ enyemaka mmepe iji kenye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke ego, nke ga-eme ka mmepe dị irè karị - ọnọdụ aha ya bụ "ụzọ arụmọrụ".
Usoro nhazi nke Moser
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Caroline Moser mepụtara Moser Framework maka nyocha nwoke na nwanyị na 1980s mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Development Planning Unit nke Mahadum London. Ya na Caren Levy na-arụ ọrụ, ọ gbasara ya n'ime usoro maka iwu nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ. Usoro Moser na-agbaso usoro Gender na Development na-ekwusi mkpa mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị dị ike. Dị ka ọ dị na WID na Harvard Framework dabeere na ya, ọ gụnyere nchịkọta nke eziokwu dị ukwuu. N'ịga n'ihu, ọ na-enyocha ihe kpatara ya na usoro ndị na-eduga na nkwekọrịta nke ịnweta na njikwa. Usoro Moser gụnyere njirimara ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị, nyocha mkpa nwoke na nwanyị, ịhazi njikwa nke akụ na ụba na ime mkpebi n'ime ezinụlọ, ime atụmatụ maka ịhazi ọrụ atọ ahụ, ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ebumnuche dị iche iche na ntinye aka na itinye ụmụ nwanyị na òtù ndị maara nwoke na nwanyị na atụmatụ.
Gender Analysis Matrix
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Rani Parker mepụtara Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM) na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mmepe ndị ọzọ iji kwado ọrụ ha maka otu otu di na mpaghara etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ. Atụmatụ na-ekere òkè bụ isi isiokwu nke usoro ahụ, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe iji dozie ọnọdụ ebe nchịkọta data nwere nkwarụ dị ukwuu. [1]
Usoro nyocha ikike na nkwarụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E mepụtara Capacities and Vulnerabilities Analysis (CVA) na ọrụ nyocha na Mahadum Harvard, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị edemede ahụ rụkwara ọrụ na Harvard Analystic Framework. CVA dabeere na nyocha nke ọmụmụ ihe iri atọ nke NGO na-azaghachi ọnọdụ ọdachi, ma e mere ya iji nyere aka na atụmatụ enyemaka mberede iji gboo mkpa ngwa ngwa mgbe a na-atụle mkpa mmepe ogologo oge.
Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ Sara Hlupekile Longwe, onye ndụmọdụ bi na Lusaka, Zambia ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na mmepe mepụtara Women's Empowerment Framework, ma ọ bụ Longwe Framework. Usoro ahụ na-enyere ndị na-eme atụmatụ aka ịghọta ihe bara uru nke ike ụmụ nwanyị na ịha nhata, wee nyochaa ma atụmatụ mmepe ọ na-akwado inye ikike a. Isi ihe bụ na enwere ike ile mmepe ụmụ nwanyị anya dịka ọkwa ise nke ịha nhata: ọdịmma, ohere, "nghọta", isonye na njikwa. Inye ike dị mkpa na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkwa ndị a. Ọdịmma na-edozi mkpa ndị bụ isi, na ịnweta ohere na-edozi ikike iji ihe onwunwe dị ka kredit, ala na agụmakwụkwọ. "Nghọta" bụ isi ihe dị na usoro ahụ: nkwenye na ịkpa ókè na-akpata nsogbu metụtara nwoke na nwanyị nakwa na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inye aka na ịkpa ókè a. Site na ịsonye, ụmụ nwanyị hà ka ụmụ nwoke n'ime mkpebi, ọzọ kwa njikwa ikike dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị hà nhata.
Usoro Mmekọrịta Ọha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-etinye nkà ihe ọmụma nke ụmụ nwanyị na nyocha nwoke na nwanyị, ngalaba gọọmentị dị iche iche na otu ndị na-abụghị nke gọọmenti ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka usoro atụmatụ. Ọ bụ Naila Kabeer mepụtara ya na Mahadum Sussex dị na United Kingdom. Ụzọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe dị n'etiti ịbụ nwoke na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'adịghị ka Harvard Framework na Gender Analysis Matrix, ọ naghị elekwasị anya na ọrụ, ihe onwunwe na ọrụ, kama ọ na-eleba anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Steeti, ahịa, obodo na ezinụlọ. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịdị mkpa, dị ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwanyị na-eje ozi na nne ya ukwu. N'itụle ndị egwuregwu na usoro ahụ, Naila Kabeer na-atụ aro na "atụmatụ maka ike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịga nke ọma mgbe a hụrụ usoro ahụ dị ka ọrụ nke ndị a na-eme atụmatụ maka ya; mgbe ndị otu na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-enyere aka imegide ezi uche dị elu nke usoro atụmatụ ahụ ...""
Ebensidee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- (1998) Gender analysis in Papua New Guinea. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-4394-7.
- Kabeer, Naila (1994). Reversed realities: gender hierarchies in development thought. Verso. ISBN 0-86091-584-0.
- Leach, Fiona E. (2003). Practising gender analysis in education. Oxfam. ISBN 0-85598-493-7.
- (1999) A guide to gender-analysis frameworks. Oxfam. ISBN 0-85598-403-1.
- (2010) Managing Natural Resources for Development in Africa. IDRC. ISBN 978-9966-792-09-9.
- Sahay, Sushama (1998). Women and Empowerment: Approaches and Strategies. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 81-7141-412-5.
- USAID (2008). Gender Analysis Frameworks. Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved on 2022-04-25.
- Van Marle, Karin (2006). Sex, gender, becoming: post-apartheid reflections. PULP. ISBN 0-9585097-5-1.
- Vernooy, Ronnie (2006). Social and gender analysis in natural resource management: learning studies and lessons from Asia. SAGE. ISBN 0-7619-3463-4.