Gully


obere ụdị nke	arroyo, landform

Ọwara bụ ọdịdị ala nke mmiri na-agba ọsọ, nnukwu mmegharị, ma ọ bụ na-ejikarị ngwakọta nke abụọ na-agbaze n'ime ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbaji, nke a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ ugwu ma ọ bụ n'ala mmiri ma ọ bụ ala. Gullies yiri nnukwu ọwara ma ọ bụ obere ndagwurugwu, mana ha dị mita ruo ọtụtụ iri mita n'omimi na obosara ma bụrụ ndị a na-ahụ site na 'isi' ma ọ bụ 'isi mgbidi' na ọganihu site na mbuze ihu (ya bụ n'elu mmiri). Gullies na-ejikọkarị na mmiri na-agafe agafe ma ọ bụ nke na-agaghị agafe agafe nke na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmiri ozuzo siri ike ma ọ bụ ogologo oge, ma ọ bụ snowmelt. Enwere ike ịmepụta ọwara ma mee ka ọ dị ngwa site n'omume ọrụ ugbo na ugwu (nke na-emekarị n'ụzọ dị nro) n'ala ugbo, ha nwekwara ike itolite ngwa ngwa n'ala ịta ahịhịa site na ụdị mbibi nke okike dị ugbu a nke a na-ewepụ mkpuchi ahịhịhịa na ọrụ anụ ụlọ.

Okwu mmalite

Ojiji mbụ a maara nke okwu a bụ site na 1657. Ọ sitere na okwu French 'Guli', ụdị obere goule nke pụtara akpịrị. ^{[citation needed]}

Ọdịdị na nsonaazụ

Mgbawa nke Gully nwere ike ịga n'ihu site na usoro dịgasị iche iche na njikọta nke usoro. Usoro mbuze na-agụnye ịwa na mbuze mmiri site na mmiri na-asọ, nnukwu mmegharị nke ihe mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe mgbidi jupụtara ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mmiri, mmiri na-abanye n'okpuru ala - na-agbanye ihe dị n'elu, ọdịda nke paịpụ ala ma ọ bụ ọwa n'ime ala na-agbasa, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ndị a ruo n'ókè ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ obere. Ugwu ndị dị n'akụkụ ugwu na-enwekwu mgbawa mgbe a na-ewepụ ha ahịhịa, site na mgbukpọ ọhịa, ịta nri ma ọ bụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịmalite ndagwurugwu n'ala ịta ahịhịa site na mmiri na-agbadata n'okporo ụzọ anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala na-eyi. Mmiri na-asọ asọ na-ebugharị ala ahụ n'ụzọ dị mfe mgbe ọpụpụsịrị n'ala, ọ na-abụkarị mgbe mmiri na-ezo n'oge oké ifufe dị mkpirikpi, dị ka n'oge égbè eluigwe.

Ndagwurugwu nwere ike itolite n'ogologo site na mbuze n'isi (ya bụ, n'elu mmiri) n'otu ebe. Mgbasawanye a nwere ike ịpụta site na interflow na paịpụ ala (mgbasawanye n'ime) yana mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu. Mgbawa nke ndagwurugwu nwekwara ike ịga n'ihu n'akụkụ site na ụzọ ndị yiri ya, gụnyere nnukwu mmegharị, na-arụ ọrụ na mgbidi ndagwurugwo (banks) na site na ịzụlite 'alaka' (ụdị tributary).

Gullies na-ebelata mmepụta nke ala ugbo ebe ha na-abanye n'ime ala, ma na-emepụta ihe mkpofu nke nwere ike ịta mmiri na-agbadata, ma belata ogo mmiri n'ime usoro mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ma ọ bụ usoro osimiri. N'ihi nke a, a na-etinye mgbalị dị ukwuu n'ime ọmụmụ nke ndagwurugwu n'ime oke nke geomorphology na sayensị ala, na mgbochi nke mbuze ndagwurugwum, na n'imezi na imezigharị ala ndị gullied. Mfu ala zuru oke site na mmepụta ndagwurugwu na ndagwurugwum osimiri nwere ike ịdị ukwuu, ọkachasị site na ihe ndị na-adịghị akwụsi ike nke nwere ike mgbasa

Ọwara ndị e ji aka mee

Enwere ike ịmepụta ma ọ bụ gbasaa Gullies site n'ọtụtụ ọrụ mmadụ.

A na-emepụta oghere ndị aka mere n'oge a na-egwupụta mmiri mgbe a na-atụle mmiri ma ọ bụ iyi mmiri n'elu ebe a na-etinye mmiri n'ime ala iji wepụta ọlaedo ma ọ bụ tin ore. Ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya na mpaghara ọla edo ochie dịka na California na ugwu Spain. Dị ka ihe atụ, e kere ala ndị dị na Las Medulas n'oge ndị Rom site n'ịgbachi ma ọ bụ igwupụta mmiri nke alluvium bara ọgaranya na mmiri nke ọtụtụ olulu mmiri na-enye site na osimiri ndị dị nso. Mmiri ọ bụla mepụtara nnukwu ndagwurugwu n'okpuru site na mbuze nke ihe ndị dị nro. A na-eji nlezianya asa efluvium ahụ na obere iyi mmiri iji wepụ ihe ndị ahụ na uzuzu ọlaedo.

N'elu Mars

Gullies na-agbasa n'etiti- ruo n'elu latitudes nke Mars, ọ bụkwa ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kachasị ọhụrụ a hụrụ na mbara ala ahụ, ma eleghị anya na-etolite n'ime afọ 100,000 gara aga.^[1] N'ebe ahụ, ha bụ otu n'ime ihe akaebe kachasị mma maka ọnụnọ mmiri mmiri na Mars n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ma eleghị anya site na obere ịgbaze snowpacks n'elu ma ọ bụ ice n'okpuru ala na-adịghị omimi n'ụbọchị kachasị ọkụ nke afọ Martian. ^[2]Mmiri na-asọba dị ka isi iyi site na mmiri dị omimi nke dị n'okpuru ala bụkwa nkọwa nwere ike ịkọwapụta ụfọdụ ndagwurugwu Martian.^[3]

Ihe ngosi

Hụkwa

Ihe odide

Oxford English Dictionary

↑ https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/220681995.pdf Source
↑ Costard, F. , Forget, F. , Mangold, N. & Peulvast, J. P. Formation of recent martian debris flows by melting of near-surface ground ice at high obliquity. Science 295, 110–113
↑ Malin M. C. and Edgett K. S. (2000) Science, 288, 2330–2335.

Njikọ mpụga

[1] ttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/220681995.pdf Source

[2] Costard, F. , Forget, F. , Mangold, N. & Peulvast, J. P. Formation of recent martian debris flows by melting of near-surface ground ice at high obliquity. Science 295, 110–113

[3] Malin M. C. and Edgett K. S. (2000) Science, 288, 2330–2335.

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