H. Candace Gorman

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H. Candace Gorman
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[1]H. Candace Gorman bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Chicago, Illinois, nke a maara maka ịnọchite anya ndị Guantanamo abụọ e jidere nakwa maka ọrụ ya iji kpughee "fayil okporo ámá" nzuzo nke ndị uwe ojii Chicago na-elekọta.

Agụmakwụkwọ na ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gorman tolitere [2] South Side nke Chicago, wee gaa Mahadum Wisconsin ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na nkà ihe ọmụma. [3] ka nna ya, onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Chicago Robert J. Gorman, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu, nata JD ya na 1983 site na UIC John Marshall Law School . [1]

Mgbe [4] gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu, Gorman malitere ọrụ iwu n'onwe ya, afọ iri ka e mesịrị, ọ kpaara ọrụ ya na iwu ikike obodo. N'afọ 2008 na 2009, ọ nọrọ oge na-ebi na Netherlands na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkachamara nleta maka Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile na The Hague . [4] [2]

Di Gorman bụ Chris Ross bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. [2] nwere ụmụ atọ.

Ikpe ịkpa ókè Donnelley na iwu nke njedebe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gorman [5] onye ọka iwu na-agba akwụkwọ na ikpe ịkpa ókè megide ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ RR Donnelley nke dị na Chicago nke ọ gara n'ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu. [6] [7] [5] ka The Wall Street Journal si kwuo: [1]

Mgbe ya na al-Ghazzawi, onye Libya nke na-elekọta ụlọ achịcha na Afghanistan mgbe ndị agbata obi katọrọ ya dị ka onye na-eyi ọha egwu, ahụike ya na-adịghị mma wụrụ ya akpata oyi n'ahụ. [2] mgbakwunye na ịnwa ịkwaga ikpe ya n'ihu ikpe, ọ rịọrọ ya maka nlekọta ahụike na ịnweta ndekọ ahụike ya, mana a jụrụ ya na ebubo niile. [8]'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mkpọrọ atọ nke Guantanamo bụ ndị a kpọfere n'aka mba Georgia na Machị 23, 2010. [1]

Onye ahịa [2] nke abụọ, Abdal Ali Razak nke a makwaara dị ka Razak Ali na dị ka Abdelrazak Ali Abdelrahman, bụ nwa amaala Algeria na-eleta Pakistan, e jidere ya n'ihi na ọ nọ n'otu ụlọ ndị ọbịa dị ka Abu Zubaydah, onye e kwenyere na ọ bụ onye isi Al-Qaida. Ọ bụ ezie na Gorman etinyela ọtụtụ mkpesa habeas corpus n'aha ya, gụnyere Ali v Obama (2013) [9] na Ali v Trump, [10] ha enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Ali [11] otu n'ime ndị mkpọrọ 40 ka fọdụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Guantanamo, dị ka New York Times si kwuo, nke na-ekwu na a na-ejide ya na "Indefinite Law-of-War Detention" ma a naghị atụ aro ka a nyefee ya.

Nnyocha nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Chicago "ihe ndekọ okporo ámá"[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2014, Gorman choro ma nata ikike onye ọka ikpe iji nyochaa ọdịnaya nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ faịlụ ndị uwe ojii, iji jiri faịlụ ndị a tụnyere ihe e nyere ndị ọka iwu ndị a na-ebo ebubo. Dabere na ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Brady v. Maryland (1963), ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị ka steeti zoo ihe akaebe ọ bụla na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla (ihe akaebe na-akwado na onye a na-ebo ebubo enweghị ihe ọ bụla.) [1]

[12][1]"File ndị dị n'okporo ámá" zoro ezo nke Chicago ghọrọ ndị a maara nke mbụ n'oge ikpe igbu ọchụ nke afọ 1983, mgbe onye uwe ojii Chicago Frank Laverty kpughere na ndị uwe ojii na-ezochi ihe akaebe nke nwere ike inyere ndị a na-ebo ebubo aka. Chicago Tribune"},"quote":{"wt":"Kennelly also made a potentially bombshell decision, allowing Fields' attorneys to expand their investigation into whether Chicago police have for years buried street files of hundreds of other murder suspects."},"date":{"wt":"November 9, 2015"},"accessdate":{"wt":"August 2, 2020"}},"i":0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAZs\"> </span><cite about=\"#mwt124\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFMeisner2015\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Meisner, Jason (November 9, 2015). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-el-rukn-mistrial-city-sanctions-met-20151109-story.html\" id=\"mwAZw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"City attorney ordered to pay $70,000 in sanctions for El Rukn mistrial\"</a>. <i id=\"mwAZ0\">Chicago Tribune</i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwAZ4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwAZ8\">August 2,</span> 2020</span>. <q id=\"mwAaA\">Kennelly also made a potentially bombshell decision, allowing Fields' attorneys to expand their investigation into whether Chicago police have for years buried street files of hundreds of other murder suspects.</q></cite>"}}" id="cite_ref-70k_ElRukn_21-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./H._Candace_Gorman#cite_note-70k_ElRukn-21 [4]][13] ka onye isi ndị uwe ojii Chicago n'oge ahụ si kwuo, na-agba akaebe n'okpuru iyi, "ọ bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị maka ndị nchọpụta idebe faịlụ nzuzo - faịlụ okporo ámá - nke gụnyere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ndị nwere ike imebi ikpe ahụ megide onye a họọrọ. " [1] [12] Ya mere, na 1983, dị ka Chicago Tribune si kwuo, "ndị uwe ojii nyere iwu ọhụrụ na-eme ka faịlụ okporo ájá pụọ ma malite ihe a na-akpọ akụkọ ọganihu n'ozuzu nke a na-edepụta ihe ndị nchọpụta na mmelite ndị ọzọ na nyocha ahụ n'ụdị nke edere ma na-etinye n'okpuru akwụkwọ. "

[12] o sina dị, ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, Gorman malitere usoro nchọpụta nke kpughere ọtụtụ puku faịlụ na nyocha igbu ọchụ na-alaghachi na 1944 ka na-edebe na faịlụ zoro ezo nke ndị uwe ojii nwere ike ịnweta mana a gwaghị ndị a na-ebo ebubo.

Gorman matara banyere faịlụ ndị ahụ mgbe [14] nọchitere anya Nathson E. Fields (onye mkpọrọ Death-Row a tọhapụrụ) na ikpe atọ nke gọọmentị etiti megide Obodo Chicago na ọtụtụ ndị uwe ojii ya maka ịmepụta ihe akaebe megide Fields mgbe ọ na-ezo ihe akaebe na-atọhapụ na " faịlụ okporo ámá" [15]

Fields na Gorman tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe mbụ n'October 27, 2010. [16] Nke [14] mechiri na ikpe na-ezighị ezi n'ihi omume ọjọọ nke onye a na-ebo ebubo, ebe onye ọka ikpe na-enyocha ndị a na-enyo enyo $ 70,000 iji kpuchie ụgwọ iwu maka Gorman. Ule nke abụọ mere [17] Fields nweta naanị $ 80,000. [18][17] choro ma nye ya ikpe na-ezighị ezi, na-ekwu na ihe akaebe na abụọ n'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo gbara izu ka a tọhapụ onye isi na-ebo Fields ebubo n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'oge dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka akaebe ya megide Fields.

[19] bụ na nzaghachi maka arịrịọ Gorman, nke e tinyere mgbe ikpe nke abụọ gasịrị, na Judge Kennelly mere ihe Chicago Tribune kọwara dị ka "ikpebi nwere ike imebi," na-enye Gorman ohere ịnweta ọ bụghị naanị faịlụ ndị metụtara ikpe ya ugbu a kamakwa na igbe faịlụ ndị ọzọ nwere akwụkwọ ndị uwe ojii jidere site na ikpe ndị ọzọ. [20] kwuru, na Kennelly kwetara, na ọ dị mkpa na ikpe Fields ma "oli ozu nke faịlụ okporo ámá bụ iwu nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii" [1] [1]

[1], ya na obere ìgwè ndị ọka iwu, malitere ịgụ site na faịlụ igbu ọchụ site na ihe dị ka ikpe 500 echekwara n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii, ụlọ ọrụ faịlụ 23 jupụtara. Mgbe o jiri ihe dị ka ikpe iri isii tụnyere ihe dị na faịlụ ndị uwe ojii ndị a na ihe e nyere ndị a na-ebo ebubo igbu ọchụ, Gorman kwuru na "ihe karịrị pasent iri itoolu nwere ozi dị na faịlụ okporo ámá nke na-anọghị na faịlụ nchekwa... gụnyere aha na akụkọ ndị ji anya ha hụ nke o doro anya na ọ dịghị mgbe a kpughere, nkwupụta dị na ihe ndị nchọpụta dere na-emegide nsụgharị nke akụkọ na kaadị ndị na-efu ma ọ bụ dị iche na ihe ndị na ihe ndị nche mechara hụ" [1]

Na ikpe nke atọ, ndị ọka iwu si na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ dị na Chicago sonyeere Gorman. Ha jikọtara aka nweta mkpebi ikpe $ 11M megide Obodo Chicago, dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ihe akaebe Gorman gbakọtara site na ụlọ ọrụ faịlụ 23, na ndị uwe ojii Chicago nwere "omenala e guzobere" [21] nke izochi ihe akaebe n'aka ndị ọkàiwu. [16] [22] [23] Gorman gosipụtara na July 7, 2019 nke usoro ihe nkiri CNN Death Row Stories, nke gụnyere "na-ekwu na ndị uwe ojii abụọ na-eme nchọpụta na Chicago mebiri ihe akaebe na-emebi iwu ma zoo ihe akaebe dị mma".

Gorman kesakwara ihe akaebe sitere na faịlụ okporo ámá ochie na ndị ọka iwu ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na ikpe ndị metụtara ya. [24] dịkarịa ala n'otu ikpe, a gbanwere ikpe a mara onye mkpọrọ dabere na ihe akaebe ọhụrụ a chọpụtara.

[25], onye na-anọchite anya nne onye ndị uwe ojii gbara égbè Divonte Young na ikpe 2018 megide Chicago, kwuru na usoro nke izochi ihe akaebe na-aga n'ihu.

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Meisner (February 13, 2016). Old police 'street files' raise question: Did Chicago cops hide evidence?. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “With the approval of a federal judge, Chicago attorney Candace Gorman has spent much of the last year combing through street files found in the basement of the old Wentworth Area headquarters, trying to match their contents with evidence that was disclosed by police and prosecutors at the time of trials long ago...Gorman and her small team of attorneys have spent hundreds of hours and tens of thousands of dollars tracking down prisoners whose murder cases were among the stack she was allowed to review.” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HideEv2016" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Hundley (May 10, 2009). Gorman vs. Goliath. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “Gorman, who practices alone, specializes in civil rights cases. She has been doing this for 25 years, simultaneously raising three kids, the youngest of whom is now in 11th grade...After majoring in philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, Candace Gorman followed in the footsteps of her brother and father by going to law school.” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Goliath2009" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ H. Candace Gorman (JD '83) an Attorney in Former Death Row Inmate's Suit. UIC John Marshall Law School (February 19, 2013). Retrieved on August 2, 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Klein (2012). DCBA Law Day Speaker and Guantanamo Detainee Attorney H. Candace Gorman. DuPage County Bar Association. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “The theme of Law Day 2012 is "No Courts, No Justice, No Freedom." The program will feature a keynote presentation by H. Candace Gorman. Ms. Gorman is a Chicago based attorney who represents several detainees housed at the U.S. military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.”
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Markels (December 7, 2018). Lawyers Claim E-Mail Messages Show Racial Bias at Donnelley. WSJ. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “In pursuit of class certification, which was filed Dec. 19, the plaintiff's attorney was contacted by workers at Donnelley's 60 major locations nationwide. So far, more than 500 black workers have joined the action... Plaintiffs attorney H. Candace Gorman said the company's statistical records clearly show discriminatory employment patterns.”
  6. ↑ Miller (March 29, 2003). Donnelley to settle worker discrimination suits. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “black workers filed a race-discrimination suit alleging that the company had treated them unfairly during the shutdown. Among other things, the workers alleged that Donnelley had found alternative jobs for about 31 percent of the plant's white workers, but managed to place just 1 percent of the plant's 575 black workers. The race litigation later grew to include black workers at other Donnelley facilities around the country, who argued more broadly that .. Donnelley had violated civil rights laws by fostering "an atmosphere of racial hostility and ridicule." When Donnelley officials denied the charges, plaintiff attorney H. Candace Gorman snapped that the company was 'in denial.'”
  7. ↑ Chicago's RR Donnelly Printing Company hit with $500 million discrimination lawsuit.. Jet (magazine) (December 16, 1996). Retrieved on August 2, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Abdul al Ghizzawi - The Guantánamo Docket", The New York Times, 18 May 2021.
  9. ↑ Ali v Obama 2013
  10. ↑ Ali v. Trump; 2018-2020
  11. ↑ 40 Current Detainees NYT
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Meisner (April 10, 2014). Old filing cabinet at center of suit alleging police frame-up. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “The controversy over buried street files first erupted in 1983 when Detective Frank Laverty blew the whistle during the trial of George Jones in the murder of a 12-year-old girl. Incensed that the prosecution was going forward despite evidence that Jones was innocent, Laverty turned his street file over to defense attorneys in the middle of the trial. The charges against Jones were dropped.”
  13. ↑ Conroy (January 4, 2007). The Good Cop: Detective Frank Laverty did the right thing--and paid for it for years. Chicago Reader. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “[Chicago police commander Milton] Deas testified that it was standard procedure for detectives to maintain a secret file--the street file--that included reports and documents that might damage the case against their chosen suspect.”
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Manson (February 13, 2013). Former death row inmate takes on city. Chicago Law Bulletin. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “Gorman contended that city officials have continued to give her client the runaround during discovery in his civil suit...Fields also claims officials hid a so-called “street file” generated during the murder investigation. In a motion filed Tuesday, Gorman claimed the file was concealed from 1984 until it was produced during discovery in the suit in 2011. Gorman also claimed that the legal team defending the city against the suit has been stonewalling attempts to learn about the handling of the file during those years. Gorman noted that Kennelly in October directed the city to respond fully to Fields’ interrogatories concerning the file. She asked Kennelly to deem the city to have admitted it hid the street file from Fields for 28 years in violation of his right to due process.”
  15. ↑ NATHSON EDGAR FIELDS. U Michigan Law School (January 3, 2018). Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “Fields received a Certificate of Innocence after serving 18 years in prison – 11 on death row. As a result, he received $199,150 from the Illinois Court of Claims. However, the Illinois Appellate Court set aside the Certificate of Innocence in 2011 and ordered a new hearing to determine whether Fields qualified. In March 2014, a Cook County judge denied the certificate. Fields filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the city of Chicago and in December 2016, a jury awarded him $22 million. In January 2018, a federal judge ordered the city of Chicago to pay an additional $5.57 million in legal fees.”
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Thomas (December 16, 2016). 18 years nets $22M; city to appeal. Chicago Daily Law Bulletin. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “The $22 million judgment against the city is borne out of a “street files” policy the Chicago Police Department had maintained throughout the 1980s, 1990s and part of the 2000s, Loevy said. A street file is essentially an unofficial report, which could contain evidence that exonerates a particular suspect and is never turned over to the defense.”
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Hunter (October 3, 2016). Illinois: Exonerated Prisoner Calls $80,000 Award a Travesty, Retrial Ordered. Prison Legal News. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “Testimony offered at trial showed how the police had doctored lineups and backdated incriminating statements in order to convict Fields; evidence also included the “street file” that prosecutors and police officers had insisted didn’t exist. Fields’ attorneys asked the jury to consider an award of $1 million for each year he was imprisoned.”
  18. ↑ Killer Cut Secret Deal To Defend Chicago Cops, Defense Attorney Alleges. Chicago CBS Local News (December 19, 2014). Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “Jurors likely awarded the paltry sum because they were swayed by Hawkins’ testimony that Fields was in fact guilty, Fields’ attorney Candace Gorman said Thursday...'Hawkins was the main witness for the city,' she said. 'Their crucial witness was paroled just months after they said he wouldn’t be, with their help.'”
  19. ↑ Meisner (November 9, 2015). City attorney ordered to pay $70,000 in sanctions for El Rukn mistrial. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “Kennelly also made a potentially bombshell decision, allowing Fields' attorneys to expand their investigation into whether Chicago police have for years buried street files of hundreds of other murder suspects.”
  20. ↑ Janssen (April 7, 2015). Wrongfully convicted former Death Row inmate gets second bite at $18 million case. Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “Kennelly acknowledged mistakes of his own. Rulings he made improperly restricted Fields’ lawyers from arguing that the city had a policy and practice of hiding and fabricating evidence, he wrote.”
  21. ↑ Brody (July 14, 2020). The Seventh Circuit Struggles With Applying 'Monell': Under a federal statute, Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, individuals may sue state officials for violations of constitutional rights.. Law.com. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “A municipality may be held liable for constitutional torts resulting from the decisions of its legislative body or those supervisory officials whose acts are said to be those of the municipality. Liability can rest on an express policy or an established custom.”
  22. ↑ 2019 Season Four of Popular HLN Original Docu-Series “Death Row Stories”
  23. ↑ Swartz (July 5, 2019). Former gang member wrongly convicted of Chicago double murder featured on 'Death Row Stories' TV show. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “Fields successfully sued the city, alleging that two Chicago police detectives falsified incriminating evidence and concealed favorable evidence.”
  24. ↑ Meisner (October 4, 2016). Inmate for 15 years freed after conviction tossed in Chicago killing. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on August 3, 2020. “In August 2015, while McIntosh's petition for a new trial was under review by the state's attorney's office's Conviction Integrity Unit, Blagg was contacted by attorney Candace Gorman, who had found McIntosh's street file among hundreds of other old murder cases in filing cabinets at the detective headquarters at 51st Street and Wentworth Avenue. The Tribune first wrote about the cabinets' discovery in a front-page report in April 2014.”
  25. ↑ Black (February 15, 2018). Chicago's pattern of withholding evidence in police misconduct cases keeps getting worse. Chicago Reporter. Retrieved on August 2, 2020. “And the month before that settlement, the city was assessed a $62,500 sanction for giving the “runaround” to an attorney for LaShawnda Young, whose 20-year-old son Divonte was shot and killed by police in 2012. Attorney H. Candace Gorman had uncovered evidence the city had denied existed, including video of a police interview in which Divonte’s girlfriend was browbeaten and threatened and a follow-up interview with an eyewitness that cast doubt on the police version of events.”
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