Hoffmann kiln
Hoffmann kiln bụ usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke usoro ogbe. Kiln Hoffmann bụ kiln a na-ejikarị eme brik na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa seramiiki ndị ọzọ. Onye German Friedrich Hoffmann nyere ikike maka ịkpụ brik na 1858, e mechara jiri ya mee ọkụ lime, ma mara ya dị ka ebe a na-esi nri Hoffmann na-aga n'ihu.
Ihe owuwu na ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kiln Hoffmann nwere isi ụzọ ọkụ gbara ọtụtụ obere ụlọ gburugburu n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. Ime ụlọ ọ bụla nwere pallet nke brik. N'ọnụ ụzọ ọkụ bụ isi e nwere ụgbọ ala ọkụ, nke na-ejide ọkụ na-ere ọkụ mgbe niile. A na-agbanye ọnụ ụlọ nke ọ bụla maka oge a kapịrị ọnụ, ruo mgbe a na-eme ka brik ndị ahụ dị mma, ma emesịa, a na-atụgharị ụgbọala ọkụ ahụ n'ọnụ ụlọ ọzọ ka a gbaa ọkụ.
A na-ejikọta ọnụ ụlọ ọ bụla na ọnụ ụlọ na-esote site na ụzọ na-ebu gas na-ekpo ọkụ sitere na ọkụ ahụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-eduzi gas kachasị ọkụ n'ime ụlọ a na-agbapụ ugbu a. Mgbe ahụ, gas na-agafe n'ime ụlọ dị n'akụkụ nke a na-eme atụmatụ ka a gbaa ya ọzọ. N'ebe ahụ, gas na-eme ka brik ahụ dị ọkụ. Ka gas na-agafe n'ime usoro ọkụ, ha na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ajụ oyi ka ha na-ebufe okpomọkụ na brik ka ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ. Nke a bụ n'ezie ihe na-agbanwe okpomọkụ, nke na-eme ka ojiji dị mma nke okpomọkụ na mmanụ. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọm a bụ isi uru nke ọkụ ọkụ Hoffmann, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe kpatara mmepe mbụ ya na iji ya mee ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Na mgbakwunye na oghere dị n'ime n'okporo ụzọ ọkụ, ọnụ ụlọ ọ bụla nwekwara ọnụ ụzọ dị n'èzí, nke a na-ewepụ brik a gbara ọkụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ma jiri brik mmiri dochie ya ka ọ kpọọ nkụ ma gbaa ya ọkụ na usoro ịgba ọkụ ọzọ.
N'ime kiln Hoffmann kpochapụwo, ọkụ ahụ nwere ike na-ere ọkụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọbụlagodi ọtụtụ iri afọ; na Iran, e nwere kilns ka na-arụ ọrụ ma na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu ruo afọ 35. Enwere ike iji mmanụ ọkụ ọ bụla na kiln Hoffmann, gụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala, gas sitere n'okike, mmanụ ala dị arọ na mmanụ osisi. Akụkụ nke kiln Hoffmann a na-ahụkarị na-agbanwe kpamkpam, mana na nkezi ihe dịka 5 m (ịdị elu) x 15 m (obosara) x 150 m (ogologo). dị arọ na mmanụ osisi. Ọdịdị nke ọkụ ọkụ Hoffmann na-agbanwe agbanwe kpamkpam, mana na nkezi ihe dị ka 5 m (ịdị elu) x 15 m (obosara) x 150 m (ogologo).
Ihe atụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọkụ Hoffmann[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
UK[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[1] British Isles, e nwere naanị ite ọkụ Hoffmann ole na ole fọdụrụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha echekwara.
Nanị ndị nwere anwụrụ ọkụ bụ na Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum na Llanymynech Heritage Area. [1] na-eji saịtị ahụ dị na Llanymynech, nke dị nso na Oswestry eme ihe maka ọkụ lime ma e weghachiri ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ nchedo ihe ochie nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado site na English Heritage na Heritage Lottery Fund.
atụ abụọ na North Yorkshire, ọkụ ọkụ Hoffmann na Meal Bank Quarry, Ingleton, na nke na-arụ ọrụ Craven na Murgatroyd, Langcliffe, na-ahazi ihe ncheta oge ochie.
E nwere ite ọkụ Hoffmann nke na-enweghị nsogbu ma gbahapụ ya na-enweghị anwụrụ ọkụ dị na Minera Limeworks; a gbahapụrụ saịtị ahụ mana e mebiri ụzọ mbata niile nke ite ọkụ ahụ, na-egbochi ohere. Okpomọkụ ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị njọ nke nrụzi, na osisi na-etolite na mgbidi na elu ụlọ. Minera Quarry Trust na-atụ anya otu ụbọchị iji melite mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem nleta. [2] na-eleghara ọkụ brik Hoffmann nke Grade II depụtara na Ilkeston, Derbyshire anya nke ukwuu, ọ bụ ezie na mgbidi a rụnyere na nso nso a na-enye nchebe maka ụlọ ahụ na ndị ọbịa.
Na Prestongrange Museum, n'èzí Prestonpans na East Lothian, Hoffman kiln ka na-eguzo na ndị ọbịa nwere ike ige ntị karịa ya site na njem ekwentị mkpanaaka.[3] .
[3] nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ite ọkụ zuru ezu na Horeb, Carmarthenshire.
A ka nwere ite ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na Kings Dyke na Peterborough, nke bụ ebe ikpeazụ nke London Brick Company, nke Forterra PLC nwere. [citation needed]
Australia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na Victoria, Australia, n'ebe a na-akpụ brik dị na Brunswick, e nwere kiln abụọ dị ndụ agbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi, na chimni sitere na kiln nke atọ; e nwere ihe ọzọ na Box Hill, Victoria; dịkwa na Melbourne
[4]'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia, ite ọkụ dị na Maylands_Brickworks" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maylands Brickworks">Maylands Brickworks na Perth, nke na-arụ ọrụ site na 1927 ruo 1982 bụ naanị ite ọkụ Hoffman fọdụrụ na steeti ahụ.
Catalonia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Obosara Bellamar na Calafell.[5]
Mba ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[6] nwere ite ọkụ zuru oke na ụlọ ọrụ brik Tsalapatas e weghachiri na Volos Gris nke a gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ebe ngosi nka.
E nwere abụọ na New Zealand. [citation needed]
Obodo Kaohsiung dị na Taiwan bụkwa ebe a na-anọ eme ọkụ Hoffman, nke gọọmentị Japan wuru na 1899. [7] [<span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (March 2019)">circular reference</span>]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust - Projects - Recent projects - Llanymynech. Cpat.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved on 2013-08-04."Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust - Projects - Recent projects - Llanymynech". Cpat.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
- ↑ Good Stuff IT Services. Brick Kiln - Erewash - Derbyshire - England. British Listed Buildings. Retrieved on 2013-08-04.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 British Listed Buildings. Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved on 2018-09-08."British Listed Buildings". Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2018-09-08.
- ↑ Emery (20 July 2013). Laying a case for brickworks (en-AU). The West Australian. Retrieved on 7 October 2021.
- ↑ Bòbila de Bellamar (catalan). Inventari del Patrimoni Arquitectònic. Direcció General del Patrimoni Cultural de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2016).
- ↑ Wedia. Μουσείο Πλινθοκεραμοποιίας N. & Σ. Τσαλαπάτα. www.piop.gr. Archived from the original on 2018-02-09. Retrieved on 2018-09-08.
- ↑ Former Tangrong Brick Kiln