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Howard N. Watson

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Howard N. Watson (1929–2022) bụ onye Africa American watercolorist, omenkà odida obodo, ihe ngosi na onye nkuzi.  A maara ya maka agba mmiri nwere mmetụta ya nke ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, okporo ụzọ, agbata obi na akara ala na mpaghara Philadelphia.

Ndụ mmalite na akụkọ ezinụlọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A markiiba Howard Noel Watson na May 19, 1929, na Pottsville, PA, nye James B. na Lillie E. Hunter Watson, nke ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke atọ.  Nna ya bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese ihe maka akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Baltimore Afro-American na onye na-ese foto a ma ama, onye na-ese aha na onye na-ese ihe nrịba ama (o mekwara akwụkwọ mmado maka  ihe nkiri mpaghara).  James B. Watson nwere ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọrụ ma onye ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na Pottsville, Schuylkill County, mpaghara.  Ọ sere ihe nkiri "Amos Hokum" maka akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Afro-American na Baltimore asụsụ na 1923 wee dee kọlụm ọchịchị nke otu aha ahụ.  Na 1926, a na-etinye ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị kwa izu na hiatus maka afọ 10, ma maliteghachi ya na 1936 ruo gburugburu 1942. Edebere warara ahụ na Pittsburgh Courier na New York Amsterdam News .  Ọ serekwa katoon nchịkọta maka Afro-American.  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Howard nọdụrụ n'ekiri nna ya ka ọ na-ese foto, ma kwe ka Howard na-eto eto ihe ihe.  ọ nkọwa mmehie. [1]

Ma Howard Watson na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Jamesለይ n'anya ịse ihe osise, na Watson dɔtara na mbara ala .  [1] N'iche akwụkwọ nke obere, onye akwụkwọ ya bụ Isabel Zerbe mere ka ọ mara ya na agba mmiri ma gbaa ya ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe.  [1] N'iche akwụkwọ, ọ na-etinye aka na egwu በደቡብ nkà.  [2] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Pottsville High School na 1947, wee gaa Pennsylvania State University's Pottsville Undergraduate Center (ugbu a Penn State Schuylkill), bụ isi na nka na egwu.  Ọ gbara ụgbọ basketball na baseball, ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche isi nka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. [2] [3]

Na 1948, mgbe Watson dị afọ 19 na onye ọhụrụ na Penn State, ọtụtụ ọrụ ya bụ ndị isi New York a ma ama Chaim Gross na Moses Soyer tụlere.  Dị ka otu akwụkwọ si kwuo, Watson na-atụ anya akwụkwọ iwe a anọ na Cranbrook Institute of Design na Michigan (nke a nwere ike ịbụ Cranbrook Academy of Art ).  Gross dere na otú Watson si eji agba na ihe ọmụmụ masịrị ya.  Soyer ihe, gbakwụnye na ike Watson masịrị ya akụkụ. [3] [4]

N'ịbụ ndị klaasịka ole na ole n'abụ na Penn State, Watson akpụkpọ isonye na Air Force na 1950. Ọ mmepụta ihe n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri, ma ọ pụghị igwu mmiri.  N'otu oge na Air Force, o kwuru na Njụjụ ọnụ, ọ kpakọrọ ikiri mmiri n'ime otu izu.  Mgbe o jesịrị ozi na Korea na Japan, a chụrụ ya n'ahụ na 1953 dị ka onye ọrụ sergeant, la mmetụta n'iche wee lụọ mbụ mbụ ya bụ Julia, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe.. [5] [4]

Ịghọ onye na-ese ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson debanyere aha na Mahadum Temple 's Tyler School of Art na 1954 wee ntọala ya na Pennsylvania Museum na School of Industrial Art (nke ekpere Philadelphia College of Art na ugbu a Mahadum nke Arts ), nke ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na June 1960. diplọma na  ihe atụ.  N'oge ahụ, a nọchitere anya ya na ihe ngosi onye otu Filadelfia Watercolor Club - nke o ngwaọrụ na 1958 - na Philadelphia Art Alliance .  Ọnwa ole na ole tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyela na ihe ngosi nka nke Pyramid Club kwa afọ.  O mewokwa ihe atụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma gosi na ihe ngosi mmiri nke mba. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Dị ka onye sophomore na ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe ngosi nka na 1959, mmiri mmiri ya ihe ihe nrite mbụ na ihe ngosi Clothesline na Rittenhouse Square, ugbu a Rittenhouse Square Fine Art Show, nke kacha ochie na mba ahụ.. [10]

N'ime afọ 1960, e goro Watson n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ụlọ ọrụ kaadị ekele. Ọ gwara otu onye nta akụkọ na obi dị ya ụtọ na ọ bụ onye mbụ nwere agba nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi were ọrụ - ọ gosipụtara mgbasa ozi - n'obodo ahụ n'ime afọ 1960. [4] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na magazin Gourmet na New York afọ anọ. Ọ mepụtara usoro mbipụta maka kalenda maka Redio Corporation nke America (RCA) na Camden nke ọ kwenyere na ọ dịghị mma. O kpebiri na malite mgbe ahụ gawa, ọ ga-eme naanị ihe niile o nwere ike ime. [5]

Ịmalite dị ka onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe si mfe, Watson kwuru.  Otu gallery nke mechara nakwere ọrụ ya anya n'oge ahụ.  Ọ kwụwara n'ebe ahụ, ka o kwuru, wee ụdị ụdị iche nke ya. [11]

Ụdị echiche ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ na Pottsville, Watson nakweere Philadelphia dị ka ebe obibi ya ma kpọọ obodo ahụ "ụdị ịhụnanya mbụ m." Ọ dịghị mgbe o chefuru obodo amụrụ ya na ógbè ya, ma na-ese akara ala ha na agbataobi ha. [12] [13] Ọ na-ese Philadelphia na mpaghara ahụ n'ụda rosy, ma ọ na-eji pastels dị nro ma ọ bụ agba ụwa na-egbuke egbuke iji kpalie ọnọdụ. [14]

"M hụrụ n'anya na-ajụ nke watercolors karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ, na m hụrụ n'anya Impressionists," o kwuru. "Ihe osise m na-eme dị ka mmetụta m na-enweta mgbe m lere anya n'ihe nkiri ndị a, ọdịdị na ụdị ndị na-abata n'uche m. Nke ahụ bụ ihe nkà na akwụkwọ niile na-eme. A sị ka e kwuwe, Shakespeare abụghị nanị ịmaliteghachi mkparịta ụka ọ nụrụ. N'ime mkparịta ụka ndị mmadụ, ọ kpụrụ ha ma tinye ha n'ọnọdụ nke nwere mmetụta miri emi n'ahụ onye gụrụ akwụkwọ. [4]

Watson, nke a na-akpọ "Bud," ụfọdụ n'ime ala ya site na ụzọ mana nkuzi site na foto o ji ekpere ya were ma ọ bụ site na foto ndị na-ama site na nsogbu ọ mere.  Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe ngwa ngwa, na-enwe ike ọrụ na obere oge.  [1] [2] [3] Ihe osise ya na-atọ ụtọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya - ndị "bụ nna ụdị na agba," ka ọ na-anụ - na-anụ ụtọ ndụ ngwaọrụ na obodo na ala ịta nke snow  ma ọ bụ na-asa ahụ n'ìhè.  Ọ ịbụ ndị na-akpata ebe obibi n'okporo ụzọ, ọ gwara onye nta mpaghara Chestnut Hill na 1988, na nsogbu ha emetụta ya mana ọ bụrụ ịghara ịse ya.  (O kere iji rite uru dị iche iche na-akwadoghị ndị na-enyere ndị nọ ná mkpa aka)[5] [15]

Onye Africa America nke nwere nne nne ochie bụ ndị Africa, German, Dutch na American American, Watson emepụtaghị ihe osise na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ. O kwuru na a ga-ekpe ndị na-ese ihe ikpe gbasara ọrụ ha. "Ndị na-ele ọrụ m anya amaghị agbụrụ m bụ," ka o kwuru. "Ha na-ekpe ikpe siri ike na ọrụ m." [4]

Ihe onyonyo nke ndị ojii na eserese ya bụkwa ụdị na agba. Ọ dọtara ha na mpaghara Philadelphia ha - ihu ha na-acha aja aja - otu ahụ ka ọ na-ese ndị mmadụ n'ahịa Italy, Chinatown na mpaghara agbụrụ ndị ọzọ. Ma ọ maara akụkọ banyere Black ya. [5] [14] "Ọ masịrị m ime ala nke (Philadelphia) Art Museum ," ka Watson kwuru, "ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi kachasị mma n'ụwa, kamakwa n'ihi Julian Abele, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ojii bụ onye chepụtara Art Museum n'oge 1920., n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta obere otuto." [16]

N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1954, Watson sere ihe osise na gouache nke onye ọbụ abụ America ama ama bụ Marian Anderson, ihu ya gbagoro n'elu ụlọ ahịrị Philadelphia n'azụ. E gosiputara ya "n'ime obodo obodo ya," ka okwu mmeghe na 2015 katalọgụ maka Woodmere Art Museum's "Anyị na-ekwu okwu: Black Artists na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s." [17]

Watson na-ese ihe maka azụmahịa: Ọ chọrọ ire nka ya. Ụlọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ nyere ya ọrụ ka o mepụta ọrụ, ma kowe ihe osise ya na mbipụta na mgbidi ha. "Mgbe ụfọdụ, ị ga-esere ndị ọzọ ihe," ka o kwuru, na-ekwu na ọ na-esekwa ihe n'ihi na ọ masịrị ya. [18] [14] [19] [12]

Njikọ White House[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[20]Akpọbatara Watson na Onye isi ala Jimmy Carter na Bill Clinton site na enyi ya na onye Set Momjian, onye isi US n'okpuru Carter na onye na-anakọta nka onye ahịa ma nye ọrụ Watson. [21]

[21]N'afọ ndị 1970 na Carter White House, Watson bụ onye na-ese ihe, nke ọma na ọ bụ "onye na-ese ihe nkuzi, ka o kwuru.  Ọ bụ Car nyere ya ọrụ ka ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi 1976, na otu afọ, nyere aka n'ichepụta ike ekele Carters.  [1] [2] Carter nyere ndị VIP gburugburu ụwa nchekwa nke otu ụzọ Watson na 1995. [3] Momjian nyere Watson ọrụ ka o echebe usoro nke 1977 mmeghe mmeghe, ma nyekwa Carter ihe ntụzi nke ahụ ahụ.

N'afọ 1994, ndị ọrụ Clinton nyere ya ọrụ mmiri mmiri dị ka nri nye President Philippine Fidel V. Ramos, bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na West Point .  Ha daawada ahụ n'ime ụbọchị atọ.  Watson wedara site na Mbipụta na Foto foto na Ọbá akwụkwọ Free Philadelphia iji lelee foto ochie nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agha.  Ɔ na-ese ụlọ elu elekere ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu ya.  Onye isi ala Philippine kwara mgbe ọ pụtara ya, Watson gwara onye nta ndị Philadelphia Inquire na 1995, n'ihi na ọ bụ ebe ọ na-ezute eje ya mgbe niile. [22] [5]

Watson mekwara ihe onye ọrụ maka osote onye isi ala Walter Mondale, onye na-agụ-agụ Perry Como, onye bụbu onye ụmụaka NBA Jack Ramsay na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Eagles Tom Brookshier .  "Ana m were ndị a dị ka ihe na-atọ ụtọ," Watson kwuru maka efu efu.  "Ọ ga- egwuregwu ihe na-atọ ụtọ mgbe niile. M na-- ike ihe ihe ọ mgbasa m na-eme ka ọ ghara ịka njọ, n'ihi na nke ahụ sere mkpa. Ihe ị na-ahapụ n'ụwa a,  nke ahụ bụ ihe dị mkpa."[7]

Ihe ngosi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson gosipụtara eserese ya, sonye na mmemme nturu ugo ma bụrụ ihe egwuregwu na Rittenhouse Square Art Show ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, gụnyere onye isi oche asọmpi kwa afọ na 1989. [23] [24] [25] Na 1988, nzukọ ahụ nyere ihe nrite nke watercolor n'aha ya. [24]

O so na ihe ngosi nke Pyramid Club, ndị na-eso nke ndị nwoke ojii nke mere ihe ngosi nka nke adọ na 1941. O sonyeere ya na ihe ngosi 1960 nke Benjamin Britt, Reba Dickerson-Hill, Robert Jefferson, Samuel J. Brown  Jr. na Dox Thrash.  Nna Watson bụbu onye otu ego.  [1] [2] [3] Na 1962, Watson, onye isi George Beach Studios, ụlọ ọrụ nka nke ojii nwere, ọrụ na Little Gallery na Philadelphia dị ka nke Philadelphia Arts Festival..

Na 1968, o gosipụtara na nke mbụ nke usoro ihe ngosi na Cheyney State College (nke bụ mahadum ugbu a) na ebumnuche ịgbasawanye ogo ụmụ akwụkwọ 1,900 nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ọ gosipụtara ọtụtụ oge na Newman Galleries malite na 1960s. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe atọ na ihe ngosi na 1966, onye na-enyocha Philadelphia Inquirer kwuru na "ihe odide ya dị egwu nke ndụ Philadelphia na-ebuga n'okporo ámá obodo na ezigbo mmiri mmiri. Ha dị ọhụrụ ma na-akwụghachi ụgwọ na ihe atụ kacha mma, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ Watson na-ahapụ ya. ọtụtụ ihe na-eju ya anya." E gosikwara ya na ihe nkiri solo na gallery n'afọ ahụ. [26]

Na 1967, o sonye na "Black Projection '67" na Southwest-Belmont Alaka nke YWCA nke mmepụta ya bụ ịsọpụrụ ndị ojii ojii.  Ndị ọzọ nọchitere anya Benjamin Britt, Reba Dickerson-Hill na Humbert Howard .  E taka Watson na nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ndị oji ojii si n'ofe mba ahụ ihuenyo "Afro American Artists, 1800-1969."  Akwụkwọ Philadelphia na Philadelphia Civic Center Museum akwụkwọ ya.  Na Mahadum La Salle's Black Student Union na 1969, o sonyeere Britt, Howard, Barbara Bullock, Paul Keene na Louis B. Sloan na African American Arts Festival na-egosi 28 artists. [27] [28] [29] [30]

Nakwa na 1969, e mkpa agba mmiri ya, nke nkiri ihe nkiri okporo ụzọ mepere emepe na Philadelphia Art Alliance.  O so na ihe ngosi onye otu Filadelfia Watercolor Club na njikọ aka na 1963. [1] [2] Na 1974, o ọgụ na ihe ngosi na Ridgeway Recreation Center na-egosi "Old Way in New World" yana Roland Ayers, Benjamin Britt, James  Brantley na Walter Edmonds .

N'ọbá akwụkwọ na-akwụghị ụgwọ nke Philadelphia na 1988, Watson mkpa na ihe ngosi "Nganga, ajị obi," bụ nke ntakiri ka e si ndị ojii na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche ihe tọrọ apụ apụ.  Ọrụ ndị ahụ sitere na mkpokọta Charles L. Blockson Afro-American na Mahadum Temple na Ngalaba Bipụta na Foto na Ọbá akwụkwọ Filadelfia efu.  Ndị ọzọ nọchitere anya egwu Dox Thrash, Samuel J. Brown Jr., Varnette Honeywood, Cal Massey, Barbara Bullock na Louise Clement-Hoff .  Blockson na onye na-ese ihe bụ Frank Stephens, onye njikwa njikwa n'ọbá akwụkwọ chepụtara ya.

Stephens chepụtara ihe ngosi nke ozi nke ndị oji ojii na mkpokọta ọba akwụkwọ na 1992, na-amị anya Watson, yana Roland Ayers, Benjamin Britt, Robert Jefferson, Columbus P. Knox, Tom McKinney, Cal Massey, Ellen Powell Tiberino, Joseph  Holston.  nke Sam Byrd.

Na ihe ngosi 1997 "Okpukpe Site na Anya Brown," Cal Massey, Barbara Bullock, Paul Keene, Benny Andrews, Charles Searles na Columbus P. Knox sonyeere ya.  Ihe ngosi a, nke ndị Minority Arts Resource Council, ka etinyere na William J. Green Federal Building na Philadelphia.  [1] E ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi mpaghara nke ndị otu Allied Artists na America na 1980. Ndị Bucks County Council na Arts akwụkwọ, ihe ngosi ngosi Ranulph Bye, Jack Bookbinder na E. Fenno Hoffman. [31]

Watson gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo na Hahn Gallery, Newman Gallery na Carol Schwartz Gallery, nke nọchitere anya ya maka afọ 20, na Philadelphia. [32] [26] [33]

N'afọ 2015, ọ nọ na nnukwu ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe nke Woodmere Art Museum na-egosi nke ike " na-ekwu: Ndị na-ese ojii na Philadelphia, 1920-1970."  Ɔ ason ihe ọrụ 70 nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe kacha mara n' ahụ [17]

Ọrụ ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[19]Watson murals maka Archdiocese nke Philadelphia, shirka maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ, kalenda maka obodo Philadelphia na ike ekele maka ụlọ oriri na mpaghara mpaghara. [34] [5]

Site na 1962 ruo 1966, Watson na-ese agba mmiri maka Philadelphia Inquirer maka usoro na-egosi ihe nkiri obodo na-egosi "Ụwa Anyị Na-ebi N'ime" nke ewe akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ .  Nke mbụ bụ njem nlegharị anya nke obodo ahụ, na ihe osise nke Chinatown, ndị ọchịchị Independence, Swann Memorial Fountain na Logan Square, Market Terminal Reading, na 56th na Market Streets.  Onye na-ese ihe na-ere akara n'ime izu, dị ka ederede na-esote, ọ na-eji asụsụ izu na-eje ije n'okporo ámá nke ihe nkiri obodo nke "na-eme ka ọ mara mma."  O mere agba agba mmiri nke ya, ma jiri abụọ atọ a tọrọ ọrụ ndị ahụ, dịka ibe ahụ siri kwuo. [35] [36]

[37] [38]O mekwara ihe osise nke ụlọ ochie nke obodo ka ha guzoro n'etiti mmepe ọhụrụ, ọrụ mbupu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Delaware na ụlọ ọkụ dị na Delaware Bay na Pennsylvania, New Jersey na Delaware. [39]

Na 1990s, o ihe nkiri wintry nke akara ngosi Philadelphia maka ike ekele maka ọrịre iji rite uru na kọmitii Philadelphia na--etinyere iji njikere ngwaọrụ ebe obibi, nke ọ bụ onye otu bọọdụ.  Ọ kwa afọ ọ na-Hazi mkpụrụ ezumike maka Ista Seal Society iji nweta ego maka ibigharị, ma na-aga akwụkwọ ụlọ na ụlọ ọgwụ Ista Seal-Fuhrman na Rehabilitation Center.  Kaadị 1970 ya sere nwantakịrị ka ọ na-aga ije na Elfreth Alley.  O kere ihe osise na 2007 iji rite uru na National Multiple Sclerosis Society .  [1] Ọ hazikwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi iji mee njikọ Bicentennial na 1976 [18] [7]

Dị ka onye nkụzi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson gbara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya aka ka ọ bụghị naanị ile anya kama ka ha "hụ." [1] Ihe ọmụmụ ya na-ejupụtakarị, ọ na-enyekwa ndụmọdụ n'efu. Ọ kụziri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-enwekwa ogbako watercolor na mpaghara, n'ofe obodo na mba ọzọ. [7] [40] [41]

Oge ya dị ka onye nkuzi laghachiri azụ mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Penn State. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1949, ọ gara Camp Sun Mountain na Pennsylvania ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nkà. [42]

Na mpaghara, ọ bụ ihe na Woodmere Art Museum maka afọ 20. Ọ ike na ihe atụ na Hussian School of Art na 1960, Abington Art Center, Philadelphia College of Art, Oreland Art Center, ochie Howard Pyle Art School ( Akwụkwọ Brandywine  na Wilmington, DE) na ụlọ dị iche iche.  N'otu n'ime klas ya na Abington, ọ zutere nke abụọ, Irene [7] [43] [44] [35] [45] [46] [47]

Ọ yànkwaara watercolor na klaasị n' mmiri mmiri Jersey na Cape Cod na New England .  Mba ọzọ, o mere nkuzi na Canada, Austria, Switzerland, France, Scotland, Hawaii na Norway. [8] [4]

Watson jere ozi dị ka onye ọka ikpe na ihe ngosi nka ndị juried n'ofe mpaghara ahụ. [48] [49] [50] [51]

O bipụtara akwụkwọ abụọ nke ọrụ ya: "Philadelphia Watercolors" na 1971 na "Old Philadelphia Impressions" na 1975. O gosiputara akwukwo umuaka na 1969 site na Victor Sharoff nke aha ya bu "Garbage Can Cat" ma mee ihe osise maka "The Proud Past." [14] [52] [53] [54]

Mmekọrịta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ onye otu American Watercolor Society (nọnnọ na 1962), Philadelphia Water Color Club (kpọ aha Philadelphia Water Color Society, wee sonye na 1959) na ndị Allied Artists of America.  Ọ bụ onye isi oche mbụ Filadelfia maka afọ 10 ma jeekwa ozi dị ka onye na-edebe ihe ochie [8] [55] [4] [11] [44]

[4]Watson sonyeere na US State Department Art in Embassies mmemme, site na nke ụzọ ya kwụwara na Montevideo, Uruguay ;  La Paz, Bolivia;  Bamako, Mali, na Kigali, Rwanda. [56] [19] [11]

. Na September 1964, o nyere aka guzobe otu Germantown Arts Association.  Ndị otu ahụ mere ihe ngosi na nnukwu ụlọ Shelmerdine, nke ha nwere olile anya ịrụ ụlọ isi ụlọ ọrụ ya, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na nkuzi maka ndị na-eso na ndị na-amu amu.  Watson so na ndị na-ese ihe na ihe ngosi mbụ ya, haziri ụnwayọ ole na ole tupu e guzobe otu ahụ, yana Benton Spruance, Mildred Dillon na Jack Bookbinder.  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Ndị otu ahụ mere ihe ngosi izizi mbụ ya na nnukwu ụlọ otu nwanyị ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ.  Watson na-eduzi kọmitii curatorial, na-akpọ ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese foto na ndị Delaware ka ha ifiwe ọrụ.  Ihe ngosi ahụ mbanye otu na inye ego.  Ná noko 1965, ndị otu ahụ nwere nlegharị anya na onye ọsụ ụzọ na-ese foto Berenice Abbott nke New York, onye ya na Man Ray rụkọrọ ọrụ na Paris na 1920. Otu a gara n'ihu na-ejide ihe ngosi nka site na  1965, ihe ngosi nke akara na foto, Pablo Picasso 's na Alfred Stieglitz's, na mbịnye ego sitere na Philadelphia Museum of Art.  Ka ọ na-erule June 1965, achụpụrụm ahụ n'ahụ obibi ahụ ma chụpụ ha.[57] [58] [59]

Watson nọ na bọọdụ Philadelphia Volunteer Lawyers for Arts, nke nyere ọrụ iwu na azụmahịa maka otu omenala. Na 1973, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ kọmitii Pennsylvania ka ọ nyochaa ụlọ ọrụ nka iji nyere aka mee ka steeti ahụ mara maka onyinye enyere ndị otu mpaghara. Na 1980, Pennsylvania Gov. Milton Shapp họpụtara ya na Council Pennsylvania na Arts . [60] [9]

Ihe nrite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 1980, Watson so na mmadụ 50 aha ya bụ Distinguished Pennsylvania na azụmahịa, agụmakwụkwọ, egwuregwu gọọmentị na ihe gbasara obodo. Na 2002, ọ bụ onye omenkà izizi ewebata na Council Schuylkill County maka Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Arts Fame. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ abụọ maka ememe ahụ. [5] [61] [62]

Ọnwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Watson nwụrụ na Glenside, Pennsylvania, na June 17, 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 93. [7]

Nchịkọta ahọpụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Woodmere [8]
  • Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts [63]
  • Mahadum Drexel [64]
  • Ọbá akwụkwọ Philadelphia efu
  • Alaka Whitman, Ọbá akwụkwọ Philadelphia efu [65]
  • Nchịkọta Lewis Tanner Moore [17]

Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Friedman (2016-12-08). Woodmere artist, 87, teaches 'repeat offenders' to 'see'. Chestnut Hill Local. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":03" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "Howard N. Watson, 1960 Graduate", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1960-06-17. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Pottsville boy wins acclaim as artist, may get scholarship", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1949-03-16. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Lear (2022-08-11). Famed watercolorist and Woodmere teacher dies at 93. Chestnut Hill Local. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":54" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Pytak. "First in Fame: Watson work, life honored by hometown", Pottsville (PA) Republican and Evening Herald, 2002-05-04. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":211" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ "Howard N. Watson, 1960 Graduate", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1960-06-17. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Miles. "Howard N. Watson, 93, watercolorist and art teacher", Philadelphia Inquirer, 2022-07-17. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":93" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Howard N. Watson. Woodmere Art Museum. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":214" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Artist Honored", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1980-10-09. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":242" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ "Wins First Prize", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1959-06-15. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Orlofsky. "Philly artist to inspire Pottsville graduates", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1988-06-11. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":103" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Geller. "Paintings of county scenes sell out", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1991-11-29. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":332" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ "City Views: Native Pottsville painter does bicentennial work", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 2003-04-15. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Watson (1971). Philadelphia Watercolors.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":82" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ Chestnut Hill Local article, "Watson scenes of Philadelphia reflect his optimisim," 1988-11-24, via Free Library of Philadelphia (folder), retrieved 2022-11-02.
  16. ↑ Dove. "A showcase for Wyncote area's pool of talent", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1994-04-08. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s. Woodmere Art Museum. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":31" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Von Bergen. "Finding a forum for their art is still a struggle", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1983-08-23. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":172" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Hahn Gallery press release, Howard Watson Exhibit, 1984-10-29, via Free Library of Philadelphia (folder). Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  20. ↑ Seltzer. "A VIP-guided tour of capital is very best kind", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1980-03-30. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Seltzer. "A Mondale brightens apolitical gathering at MOMA", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1980-08-15. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
  22. ↑ Dove. "Among Wyncote's artists, one who has painted for presidents", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1995-04-30. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  23. ↑ "Line on the Rittenhouse art show", Philadelphia Daily News, 1977-04-27. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Knight. "Summer in the City: Art on the Square", Philadelphia Daily News, 1988-06-03. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  25. ↑ Photo record: Howard N. Watson, chairperson, Rittenhouse Square Fine Arts Annual, 12-7-1989.. Chestnut Hill Conservancy. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Donohoe. "Exhibits by Three Soloists", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1966-12-11. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":15" defined multiple times with different content
  27. ↑ Donohoe. "Calendar of Art Events in Phila. area", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1969-03-23. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  28. ↑ "Black Projection '67", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1967-12-12. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  29. ↑ Cederholm (1973). Afro-American artists; a bio-bibliographical directory. archive.org. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  30. ↑ Donohoe. "Impressive Exhibit by Afro Americans", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1969-12-14. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  31. ↑ "Gallery highlights", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1980-01-20. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  32. ↑ Donohoe. "Sculpture at Art Alliance", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1969-04-18. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  33. ↑ "Galleries", Philadelphia Inquirer, 2002-11-11. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  34. ↑ Cliveden Chronology. cliveden.org (1978). Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Watson's Water Colors Win More Recognition", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1963-12-30. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":20" defined multiple times with different content
  36. ↑ "Colorful Philadelphia", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1962-11-04. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  37. ↑ "Port of Philadelphia at Ease", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1964-08-16. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  38. ↑ "The New and the Old", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1963-12-29. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  39. ↑ "Lights of Delaware Bay", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1966-06-26. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  40. ↑ "Art Show Sat. at Shore", The Sunday News (Lancaster, PA), 1975-07-20. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  41. ↑ "48 L.V. artists to have works shown at exhibit", Morning Call (Allentown, PA), 1962-11-06. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  42. ↑ "Howard Watson Teaches Art at Summer Camp", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1949-07-01. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  43. ↑ "Successful businessman discovers the dividends of a life of art", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1985-01-20. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Pottsville Man Shows Paintings at Exhibit", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1966-01-06. Retrieved on 2022-11-06. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":233" defined multiple times with different content
  45. ↑ Sifford. "This "maid' often surprises guests with her varied roles", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1981-04-02. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  46. ↑ "This week in the suburbs", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1979-12-02. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  47. ↑ "Art demonstration", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1991-02-03. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  48. ↑ "Gallery Calendar for Phila.", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1972-02-20. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  49. ↑ Donohoe. "At Random", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1970-01-18. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  50. ↑ "Juried art show set", Morning News (Wilmington, DE), 1971-12-20. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  51. ↑ "Juried art show", Courier-Post (Camden, NJ), 1993-07-08. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  52. ↑ Watson (1875). Old Philadelphia Impressions. 
  53. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series, 1970: January-June, Library of Congress. Google Books (1969). Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  54. ↑ "Doylestown Art League to hear illustrator", Morning Call (Allentown, PA), 1989-10-05. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  55. ↑ "Howard N. Watson, 1960 Graduate", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 1960-06-17. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  56. ↑ "Guests to show their colors", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1984-11-04. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  57. ↑ "Planners back Mews revision to sell mansion", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1966-02-17. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  58. ↑ "Germantown arts", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1965-02-28. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  59. ↑ "6 Picassos dislayed in print show", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1965-03-28. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  60. ↑ Donohoe. "State arts", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1973-09-07. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  61. ↑ "50 to receive Distinguished Pennsylvanian award", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1980-09-25. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  62. ↑ "Schuylkill in Review", Pottsville (PA) Republican, 2002-12-31. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  63. ↑ "Untitled (Newsstand)," Howard Watson. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (December 6, 2019). Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  64. ↑ Front of Art Museum and Eakins Oval, Howard N. Watson. Drexel Founding Collection (August 15, 2022). Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
  65. ↑ Interior view of children's room, Howard N. Watson painting on wall (photo). Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved on 2022-11-06.
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