Hypothyroidism
| Obere ụdị nke | thyroid gland disease  |
|---|---|
| Nwere mmetụta | myxedema |
| Ahụike ọpụrụiche | endocrinology |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | L-thyroxine, thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine |
| ICD-9-CM | 244.9 |
| Megidere nke | hyperthyroidism |
Hypothyroidism, nke a na-akpọkwa underactive thyroid ma ọ bụ obere thyroid, bụ nsogbu nke usoro endocrine nke gland thyroid na-adịghị emepụta hormone thyroid zuru oke.[1] [1] nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ mgbaàmà, dị ka enweghị ike ịnagide oyi, mmetụta nke Ike ọgwụgwụ, afọ mgbu, obi na-agba ọsọ, ịda mbà n'obi, na ibu ibu. Mgbe ụfọdụ e[1] ike ibu ibute ibu n'ihu olu n'ihi goiter. Ọnọdụ hypothyroidism [2] na-agwọghị n'ime ime nwere ike iduga igbu oge na uto na mmepe ọgụgụ isi na nwa ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa ụkọ iodine.
Gburugburu ụwa, ntakịrị iodine na nri bụ ihe na-ebutekarị hypothyroidism[3][4][1]'s thyroiditis bụ ihe kachasị akpata hypothyroidism na mba ndị nwere iodine zuru ezu. [5] ndị [1] na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agụnye ọgwụgwọ gara aga na radioactive iodine, mmerụ ahụ na hypothalamus ma ọ bụ anterior pituitary gland, ọgwụ ụfọdụ, enweghị thyroid na-arụ ọrụ mgbe a mụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ Ịwa ahụ thyroid gara aga. [1] pụrụ ikwenye nchọpụta nke hypothyroidism, mgbe a na-enyo ya enyo, site na Nnyocha ọbara na-atụle Hormone na-akpali thyroid (TSH) na ọkwa thyroxine.
Iodization[6] nnu egbochiwo hypothyroidism n'ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. Mgbanwe nke hormone thyroid [1] levothyroxine na-agwọ hypothyroidism. [1] ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-agbanwe ọgwụ ahụ dịka mgbaàmà na nhazi nke thyroxine na TSH. Ọgwụ thyroid [1] Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ iodine nke nri zuru oke dị mkpa, oke oke nwere ike ime ka ụdị hypothyroidism ka njọ. [1]
N'ụwa niile, a na-eme atụmatụ na ha enweghị ụkọ iodine; agbanyeghị, amabeghị ugboro ole nke a na-ebute hypothyroidism[7]. [4] United States, hypothyroidism na-eme na 0.3-0.4% nke ndị mmadụ. [4] hypothyroidism, ụdị hypothyroidismo dị nro nke a na-akọwa site na ọkwa thyroxine dị mma na ọkwa TSH dị elu, a na-eche na ọ na-eme na 4.3-8.5% nke ndị mmadụ na United States. Hypothyroidism [1] ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị karịa n'etiti ndị ikom. Ndị karịrị afọ [1] na-emetụtakarị ya. [8] makwaara nkịta ka ha na-ebute hypothyroidism, dị ka nwamba na ịnyịnya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị adịkebe. Okwu ahụ [9] "hypothyroidism" sitere na Greek hypothyroidism nke pụtara belata, thyreos maka ọta, na eidos maka ọdịdị
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value)."Hypothyroidism". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ↑ Preedy, Victor (2009). Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Burlington: Elsevier. ISBN 9780080920863. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ "Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities". Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 6: 1–11. 2012. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S12894. PMID 22291465.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - 1 2 3 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA (December 2012). (PDF). Thyroid. 22 (12): 1200–35. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0205. PMID 22954017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ "Clinical review: Central hypothyroidism: pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (9): 3068–78. September 2012. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1616. PMID 22851492.
- ↑ "Iodine and the "near" eradication of cretinism". Pediatrics. 135 (4): 594–6. April 2015. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3718. PMID 25825529.
- ↑ Cooper, DS, ed. (2012-07-12). Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid : a fundamental and clinical text (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. ISBN 978-1451120639.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2548: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
- ↑ Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. ISBN 9780323112581.