Ihe Na-agbakọta Otu Pound n'Izu
Gburugburu ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu bụ nyocha [1] 1913 nwere mmetụta gbasara ịda ogbenye na ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ na London, site n'aka onye nwanyị na onye na-elekọta mmadụ Maud Pember Reeves, nke onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị anarchist Charlotte Wilson dere. A tụpụtara ya wee rụọ ọrụ a n'okpuru nkwado nke otu Fabian Society 's Women's Group, nke o hiwere na 1908. E bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na mbụ dị ka akwụkwọ nta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ traktị, na-arụ ụka maka mgbanwe ụfọdụ, mana ọ ka na-ebipụta ma na-ewere ya dị mkpa taa. [2] [3]
Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Otu Royal Commission na-achịkọta ihe akaebe na Iwu Ogbenye ; Beatrice Webb bụ kọmịshọna, ma nye aka na Akụkọ nke nta, ma ọ nwere ike ịhụ na ọtụtụ n'ime kọmitii ahụ nwere ọhụụ dị iche iji mejuputa . Webb bụkwa onye otu Fabian Society, onye na-ebute ụzọ na Labour Party, dịka Pember Reeves mere. Ha chọrọ ịghọta na ibelata ịda ogbenye, n'ihi ya, ha lekwasịrị anya na ezinụlọ iri na abụọ na Lambeth, ógbè dara ogbenye na South London ma ka bụ otu n'ime akụkụ ndị kasị daa ogbenye na Britain, [3] wee dekọọ mbọ ha na-eme mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na anọ ahụ. afọ ole na ole tupu Agha Ukwu ahụ, ya bụ 1909–1913. Ezinụlọ ndị ha họpụtara abụghị ndị kasị daa ogbenye; ha bụ ndị "ogbenye a na-akwanyere ùgwù" nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ, na ụmụ nwoke na-arụ ọrụ siri ike, na-enweta "ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu"; ka o sina dị, otu onye n'ime ụmụaka ise nwụrụ mgbe a mụrụ ya, na onye ọzọ n'ime iri tupu ha eruo ogo. Ọrụ a lekwasịrị anya n'ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, ma nyekwa ha ego maka nri agbakwunyere n'ọnwa ole na ole tupu a mụọ nwa ruo mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa gachara. Ezinụlọ ahụ debere nke ọma gbasara ego ha na-akpata na mmefu ha.
Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere nkọwa nke nkewa nke nri n'ime ezinụlọ, ebe a na-enye onye na-eri nri nke ukwuu karịa nke ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ na-adabere kpamkpam na onye na-enye nri. Ka o sina dị, nke a adịkarịghị ezuru oke. [1] A kọwawo ọnọdụ ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "ihe jọgburu onwe ya", [4] na-egosipụta mgba ndị inyom a na-enwe kwa ụbọchị iji nye ezinụlọ ha nri na-enweghị "amanye ha ịkwa akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha". [4]
A chọpụtakwara na Reeves na-ezere "echiche nke ịdị elu nke omume" na-ahụkarị na ndị na-ekiri ndị a n'èzí, na-ahụta ha dị ka "ndị nweere onwe ha, ndị nwere nkà, ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù, ma ndị ogbenye". [5]
Akwụkwọ nta Fabian rụrụ ụka maka ndozigharị gọọmentị, gụnyere uru ụmụaka, nri nri ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ụlọọgwụ ahụike efu. Ọ kọwakwara ọrụ nke ọnọdụ ụlọ na-adịghị mma na-akpata ọnwụ ụmụaka, yana ka nri nri tupu ịmụ nwa nwere ike isi nyere aka.
Ụdị ahọpụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Reeves, MS, Gburugburu Ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu . Okwu mmalite nke Sally Alexsander. London: Virago Press .
- Reeves, MS, Gburugburu Ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu . New York: Garland Pub. , 1980. ISBN 0-8240-0119-2
- Reeves, MS, Gburugburu Ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu . Okwu mmalite nke Polly Toynbee . London: Akwụkwọ Persephone .
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Nri na ime ime
- Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke London 1900-1939
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
nkwado nke otu Fabian Society 's Women's Group, nke o hiwere na 1908. E bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na mbụ dị ka akwụkwọ nta akụkọ ndọrọ
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oren (Winter–Spring 1973). "The Welfare of Women in Laboring Families:England, 1860-1950". Feminist Studies 1 (3/4): 107. Oren, Laura (Winter–Spring 1973). "The Welfare of Women in Laboring Families:England, 1860-1950". Feminist Studies. 1 (3/4): 107.
- ↑ nzine review. Archived from the original on 2016-10-15. Retrieved on 2024-04-02.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [1] Guardian review of 2008 reissue
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rose, Sonya O, 1993, "Limited Livelihoods. Gender and Class in nineteenth-Century England". University of California Press. p.79
- ↑ Perkin, Joan, 1989. "Women and Marriage in nineteenth-Century England". Routledge, London. p 131
Ọgụgụ ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Bee Wilson gbaghaara
- Gburugburu ihe dị ka paụnd otu izu na akwụkwọ Persephone