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Ihe Nri

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Ụzọ ụkwụ nri

Ihe oriri na-ezo aka na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe oriri ala ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha n'otu, òtù, na ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] Dị ka ụdị ndị ọzọ nke akara ụkwụ gburugburu ebe obibi, akara nri nwere ike ịgụnye ọtụtụ akụkụ iji chọpụta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke nri, gụnyere akara ụkwụ carbon, akara ụkwụ mmiri, na eserese nri. Ụfọdụ mgbalị ndị na-ebipụta nri na-anwa ijide ego ọha na eze na nke omume nke mmepụta nri site na ịgbakọ akụkụ dị ka ikpe ziri ezi nke ndị ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ọnụahịa ndị ọrụ ugpo natara maka ngwongwo dị ka òkè nke dollar nri.[2] Òtù na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka Earth Day Network na Natural Resources Defense Council ekwuputagọ echiche nri dị ka ụzọ isi tinye ndị na-azụ ahịa na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke nhọrọ nri.[3][4]

Usoro omume

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Usoro ndị dịbu adị

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Nchịkọta nri nwere ike itinye ọtụtụ iwu. Enwere ike iji eserese nri mee ihe iji nye atụmatụ ala maka mpaghara ala, mana enwere ike iji nyocha yiri nke ahụ mee ihe na ngwaahịa nri ụfọdụ. A na-ejikwa akara mmiri na akara kabon iji tụnyere mmetụta nke nhọrọ nri dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị ụdị ntụnyere a eme ihe iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ngwaahịa ndị nwere akara ụkwụ dị elu na gburugburu ebe obibi na nhọrọ ha, dị ka mmiri ara ehi na anụmanụ.[5][6][7]

Life Cycle Assessment bụ otu usoro nyocha nke a na-ejikarị etinye ọtụtụ akụkụ nke nri, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-abịa na ihe ịma aka ụfọdụ. Nnyocha nke usoro ndụ maka ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ nwere ntinye na mmepụta nke dị mfe ịlele ma gosipụta. Dị ka usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere nnukwu mgbanwe, Otú ọ dị, usoro ọrụ ugbo siri ike ịkpụzi.[8]

Nnyocha dịbu adị

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Ihe osise ebe nri ala

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N'obodo ukwu, ndị na-eme nchọpụta emeela nyocha nri ala maka obodo ndị dị ka obodo Paris na Melbourne.[9][10] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta ejirila ihe nlereanya nri mee map ala achọrọ maka inye obodo United States nri.[11]

Ụzọ e si eri nri

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A na-etinyekwa ihe oriri na usoro nri dị ka ụzọ isi buru amụma mmetụta nke oriri na mmepụta mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mbiputa usoro EAT Lancet nyochara usoro nri nwere ike inwe maka mmetụta na Ikuku GHG, ala, mmiri na fatịlaịza, na ụdị dị iche iche, n'ikpeazụ na-atụ aro "Planetary Diet" nke nwere obere akara nri na iwu ndị ahụ. Nnyocha yiri nke a sitere na nke IPCC na-elekwasị anya na akara carbon nke usoro nri.[12] Nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na carbon kpebiri na inye na iri calorie nke na-eme ka oke ibu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agbakwunye megatọn narị asaa ọzọ kwa afọ nke CO2 kwekọrọ na ikuku, ihe dịka pesenti isii n'ime otu nke ikuku carbon zuru ụwa dum.[13]

A pụkwara iji ụdị nri zuru oke eji mee atụmatụ nke ala achọrọ maka nri ndị Amerika dị ka ntụnyere maka ịtụle ihe achọrọ maka ala nke mgbanwe nri.[14] N'iji usoro ndị a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta atụnyere ihe oriri dị n'ala nke nri dị elu na nke dị ala, ma chọpụta na nri dị elu nwere ike iji ala dị ala karịa usoro oriri ugbu a.[15]

Iji na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi

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Otu dị iche iche ekwupụtala echiche nke akwụkwọ nri, ọkachasị dị ka ngwa maka ịghọta mmetụta nhọrọ nri ndị ahịa na-enwe na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dị ka FoodPrint na-akụziri ndị na-azụ ahịa ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime sistemu nri ma na-enye akụrụngwa maka ibelata akara nri nkeonwe..[16] NRDC na òtù ndị ọzọ ewepụtala atụmatụ yiri nke ahụ.[4]

Ndị na-akwado nkwado na-ahụ maka nri na-ekwukwa banyere akara nri: atụmatụ Zero Foodprint nke dị na California, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-agbakwunye ụgwọ afọ ofufo na ụgwọ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọrụ metụtara ahụike ala na ugbo ndị sonyere. A nabatara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enweghị uru site na onyinye ihe nrite Humanitarian of the Year site na ntọala James Beard.[17][18] Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ebelata akara nri nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na azụmaahịa ndị ọzọ na'ebelata ihe mkpofu na ahịhịa metụtara nri ala.[19][20] Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị ka Panera na Chipotle anabatala echiche nke akara nri, na-agbakwunye usoro akara mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe menu ha. Ihe omume ndị a dịgasị iche iche, Otú ọ dị, ma nwee ike ịgbalị iji kwurịta okwu ma kọwaa nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya gbara mmepụta nri gburugburu.[21]

Hụkwa ihe ọzọ

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  • Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Mkpịsị ụkwụ carbon
  • Mkpịsị ụkwụ mmiri

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Goldstein (2016-01-07). "Surveying the Environmental Footprint of Urban Food Consumption". Journal of Industrial Ecology 21 (1): 151–165. DOI:10.1111/jiec.12384. ISSN 1088-1980. 
  2. ↑ What Is Food Justice and Why Is It Necessary? (en-US). FoodPrint. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  3. ↑ Foodprints for the Future (en). Earth Day. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 June 05. 10 Steps to Reduce Your Own Foodprint on World Environment Day (en). NRDC. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  5. ↑ Which Plant-Based Milks are Best for the Environment? (en-US). FoodPrint (2019-01-15). Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  6. ↑ Gerbens-Leenes (2013-03-01). "The water footprint of poultry, pork and beef: A comparative study in different countries and production systems" (in en). Water Resources and Industry 1-2: 25–36. DOI:10.1016/j.wri.2013.03.001. ISSN 2212-3717. 
  7. ↑ Fabrique [merken. Water footprint of crop and animal products: a comparison (en). waterfootprint.org. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  8. ↑ History of agricultural LCAs (en-US). Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  9. ↑ Billen (2008-07-22). "The food-print of Paris: long-term reconstruction of the nitrogen flows imported into the city from its rural hinterland". Regional Environmental Change 9 (1): 13–24. DOI:10.1007/s10113-008-0051-y. ISSN 1436-3798. 
  10. ↑ Candy (February 2019). "Quantifying Melbourne's "Foodprint": A scenario modelling methodology to determine the environmental impact of feeding a city". Economia Agro-Alimentare (3): 371–399. DOI:10.3280/ecag2018-003007. ISSN 1126-1668. 
  11. ↑ U. S. land capacity for feeding people could expand with dietary changes (en). ScienceDaily. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
  12. ↑ Briggs. "Climate change food calculator: What's your diet's carbon footprint?", BBC News, 2019-08-09. Retrieved on 2020-03-03. (in en-GB)
  13. ↑ Magkos (2019-12-20). "The Environmental Foodprint of Obesity". Obesity 28 (1): 73–79. DOI:10.1002/oby.22657. ISSN 1930-7381. PMID 31858737. 
  14. ↑ Peters (2016-07-22). "Carrying capacity of U.S. agricultural land: Ten diet scenarios". Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 4: 000116. DOI:10.12952/journal.elementa.000116. ISSN 2325-1026. 
  15. ↑ Conrad (2018-01-29). "Capacity of the US Food System to Accommodate Improved Diet Quality: A Biophysical Model Projecting to 2030". Current Developments in Nutrition 2 (4): nzy007. DOI:10.1093/cdn/nzy007. ISSN 2475-2991. PMID 30019031. 
  16. ↑ What is a FoodPrint? (en-US). FoodPrint. Retrieved on 2020-05-04.
  17. ↑ S.F. nonprofit Zero Foodprint wins James Beard Award (en-US). San Francisco Chronicle (2020-03-13). Retrieved on 2020-05-04.
  18. ↑ Zero Foodprint. Archived from the original on 2023-04-04. Retrieved on 2023-04-04.
  19. ↑ Foodprint Group (en-US). Foodprint Group. Retrieved on 2020-05-04.
  20. ↑ FOODPRINT: RACE TO REDUCE. Sustainable Restaurant Association. Archived from the original on 2022-06-20.
  21. ↑ Held (30 November 2020). On Restaurant Menus, Environmental Metrics are the New Calorie Counts. FoodPrint. Retrieved on 3 December 2020.
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