Ihe n'ime onwe ya
Na nkà ihe ọmụma Kantian, ihe-n'onwe ya (German: ) bụ ọnọdụ nke ihe dị ka ha dị, na-enweghị nnọchiteanya na nyocha. Ọ bụ onye ọkà ihe ọmụma German bụ Immanuel Kant webatara echiche nke ihe n'onwe ya, n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, esemokwu zutere n'etiti ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma mechara.[1] Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na echiche Kant banyere noumena ma ọ bụ ihe nyocha, n'adịghị ka ihe omume, ngosipụta ya.
Nkà ihe ọmụma Kantian[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ozizi ya nke transcendental idealism, Kant kwuru na ngụkọta nke ihe niile, ụwa nke ahụmahụ, bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ọdịdị ya na njikọ ya na-eme naanị na nnọchiteanya anyị.[2] Kant na-ewebata ihe-n'onwe ya dị ka ndị a:
Nkatọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
F. H. Jacobi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Onye mbụ katọrọ echiche nke ihe-n'onwe ya bụ F. H. Jacobi, na okwu a:
G. E. Schulze[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọrụ a na-amaghị aha ya bụ Aenesidemus bụ otu n'ime mwakpo kachasị mma megide ọrụ Kant. Dabere na nkuzi Kant, ihe-n'onwe ha enweghị ike ịkpata ọdịdị, ebe ọ bụ na ụdị nke causality nwere ike ịchọta naanị ihe ndị nwere ahụmịhe. Ya mere, Kant enweghị ikike ikwu na ihe dị n'ime onwe ha.
A nabatara esemokwu a n'ozuzu ya dị ka isi nsogbu nke ihe-n'onwe ya. Mwakpo a wakporo ihe ahụ n'onwe ya, na ọrụ obi abụọ ahụ n'ozuzu ya, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Fichte, Schopenhauer kpọrọ G. E. Schulze, onye e kpughere na ọ bụ onye dere ya, "onye kachasị njọ" nke ndị mmegide Kant.[3]
Johann Gottlieb Fichte[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na mbido, Fichte nabatara nkà ihe ọmụma Kantian, gụnyere ihe n'onwe ya, mana ọrụ Schulze mere ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ya. Usoro nke Fichte mechara bipụta, Sayensị nke Ihe Ọmụma, na-ewepụ ihe ahụ n'ime onwe ya.[4]
Schopenhauer[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na "Critique of the Kantian Philosophy" ya gbakwunyere na The World as Will and Representation (1818), Arthur Schopenhauer kwenyere na ndị nkatọ na ụzọ Kant si webata ihe-n'onwe ya bụ ihe a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, mana o weere na Kant ziri ezi ikwusi ike na ọ dị ma too ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe-n-onwe ya na ọdịdị dị ka uru kachasị ukwuu nke Kant.[3] Dị ka o dere na Mpịakọta 1 nke Parerga na Paralipomena ya, "Fragments of the History of Philosophy," §13:
Ndị isi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Phillip mainlanders weere ọnọdụ pụrụ iche, onye toro Kant maka imebi iwu nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke ya iji kwupụta ịdị adị nke ihe n'ime onwe ya.
o mere ya n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe ọ na-atụ egwu karịa ebubo na nkà ihe ọmụma ya dị ọcha Nke na-eme ka ebumnuche niile dị n'ụwa Okwu atọ nke akụkụ mbụ nke prolegomena N'uche nke a bara ezigbo uru ịgụ Enweghị m ike ịkatọ nnukwu nsonaazụ a Ọ bụ nke pere mpe n'ime ihe ọjọọ abụọ na Kant ji obi ike nabata
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Acatalepsy – in philosophy, is incomprehensibleness, or the impossibility of comprehending or conceiving a thingPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
- Master argument – That mind-independent objects do not exist because it is impossible to conceive of them. (a viewpoint put forward by
- Noumenon – Object or event that exists independently of the senses of a posited object or event that exists independently of human sense and/or perception
- Use–mention distinction – Difference between using a word and mentioning it, according to which it is necessary to make a distinction between using a word (or phrase) and mentioning it as a thing in itself
Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ (2021) "Salomon Maimon", Salomon Maimon (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. “Perhaps the most obvious problem — and certainly one of the earliest — that Kant faces concerns the issue of the thing in itself.”
- ↑ Kant. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schopenhauer. The World as Will and Representation. “Kant’s greatest merit is the distinction of the phenomenon from the thing in itself … This defect, as is known, is the introduction of the thing in itself in the way chosen by him, the inadmissibleness of which was exposed at length by G. E. Schulze in "Aenesidemus " and was soon recognised as the untenable point of his system. … It is most remarkable that one of Kant’s opponents, and indeed the acutest of them, G. E. Schulze …” Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 1 Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy.
Kant's greatest merit is the distinction of the phenomenon from the thing in itself … This defect, as is known, is the introduction of the thing in itself in the way chosen by him, the inadmissibleness of which was exposed at length by G. E. Schulze in "Aenesidemus " and was soon recognised as the untenable point of his system. … It is most remarkable that one of Kant's opponents, and indeed the acutest of them, G. E. Schulze …
Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ C. Beiser (2002). German idealism : the struggle against subjectivism, 1781–1801, 217. ISBN 0-674-00769-7. “First, it eliminates the thing-in-itself and the given manifold.”