Ihi ụra

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A sleeping girl
Nwa agbọghọ na-ehi ụra, Domenico Fetti, c. 1615

Ihi ụra bụ ọnọdụ nke mmega ahụ na nke uche ebe a n'agbanwe ịma ihe ma gbochie ụfọdụ ọrụ mmetụta. N'oge ụra, enwere mbelata dị ịrịba ama na ọrụ muscle na mmekọrịta ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ ezie na ụra dị iche na ịmụrụ anya n'ihe gbasara ikike imeghachi omume na ihe mkpali, ọ ka n'agụnye usoro ụbụrụ n'arụ ọrụ, n'eme ka ọ dịkwuo ike karịa coma ma ọ bụ nsogbu nke ịma ihe.[1]

Ihi ụra n'ewere ọnọdụ n'oge ugboro ugboro, n'oge ahụ n'agbanwe n'etiti ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche: ụra REM na nke n'abụghị REM. Ọ bụ ezie na REM n'anọchite anya "mmegharị anya ngwa ngwa", ụdị ụra a nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ahụ mkpọnwụ.[2] Nrọ bụ usoro nke ihe oyiyi, echiche, mmetụta uche, na mmetụta ndị n'emekarị n'uche n'oge ụfọdụ nke ụra.

N'oge ụra, ọtụtụ n'ime Usoro ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ anabolic, n'enyere aka iweghachi Usoro ahụike, akwara, ọkpụkpụ, na usoro uru ahụ; [3] ndị a bụ usoro dị mkpa nke n'echekwa ọnọdụ, ncheta, na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi, ma n'arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na ọrụ endocrine na usoro ahụike. [4] Oge elekere dị n'ime n'akwalite ụra kwa ụbọchị n'abalị. Ebumnuche dị iche iche na usoro ihi ụra bụ isiokwu nke nyocha n'aga n'ihu.[5] Ihi ụra bụ omume a na-echekwara nke ọma gafee evolushọn anụmanụ, nke nwere ike ịlaghachi azụ ọtụtụ narị nde afọ. [6][7]

Ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ịrịa Nsogbu ụra dị iche iche, gụnyere dyssomnias dị ka ehighị ụra nke ọma, hypersomnia, Narcolepsy, na apnea ụra; parasomnias dị ka sleepwalking na ngwa ngwa anya na-eme oke ụra n'agagharị; bruxism; na circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Ojiji nke ìhè aka mere agbanweela usoro ụra nke ụmụ mmadụ.[8] Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ìhè aka gụnyere ọkụ n'èzí na ihuenyo nke ngwaọrụ eletrọniki dị ka smartphones na telivishọn, nke na-ewepụta nnukwu ìhè n'acha anụnụ anụnụ, ụdị ìhè a n'ejikọta ya na oge ehihie. Nke a n'emebi ntọhapụ nke hormone melatonin dị mkpa iji chịkwaa usoro ụra.[9]

Ọdịdị ahụike[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbanwe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ụra n'eme na ụbụrụ.[10] Ụbụrụ n'eji ike dị ala n'oge ụra karịa ka ọ n'eme mgbe ọ tetara, ọkachasị n'oge ehighị REM. N'ebe ọrụ n'ebelata, ụbụrụ n'eweghachi adenosine triphosphate (ATP), molekụl eji echekwa obere oge na ibugharị ike.[11] Na ịmụrụ anya n'ụzọ dị jụụ, ụbụrụ na-ahụ maka 20% nke ike ahụ, ya mere mbelata a nwere mmetụta doro anya na ike zuru oke.[12]

Ihi ụra na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmetụta dịkwuo elu. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ndị n'ehi ụra n'enwe mmetụta dị nta, mana n'ozuzu ha ka nwere ike imeghachi omume na mkpọtụ na ihe omume mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama.[12][10]

N'oge ụra n'adịghị ngwa ngwa, ụmụ mmadụ n'ewepụta mgbawa nke hormone n'eto eto. Ihi ụra niile, ọbụlagodi n'ehihie, n'ejikọta ya na mmepụta nke prolactin.[13]

Ụzọ dị mkpa maka nlekota na ịtụle mgbanwe n'oge ụra gụnyere electroencephalography (EEG) nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, electrooculography (EOG) nke mmegharị anya, na electromyography (EMG) nke ọrụ ọkpụkpụ. A n'akpọ nchịkọta nke ọnụọgụ ndị a n'otu oge polysomnography, a pụkwara ime ya na ụlọ nyocha ụra pụrụ iche.[14][15] Ndị n'eme nchọpụta n'ụra n'ejikwa electrocardiography (EKG) dị mfe maka ọrụ obi na actigraphy maka mmegharị mmegharị.[2][15]

Ụbụrụ na-ehi ụra[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrụ eletrik a hụrụ na EEG n'anọchite anya ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. Mgbasa nke ebili mmiri EEG n'otu oge kwekọrọ n'oge dị iche iche n'oge ụra-mbilite n'ọnwụ, dị ka ihi ụra, ịmụrụ anya, ma ọ bụ ihi ụra. A n'ahụ ebili mmiri Alpha, beta, theta, gamma, na delta n'oge dị iche iche nke ụra. Ụdị ọ bụla n'ejigide ugboro na amplitude dị iche. A n'ahụ ebili mmiri Alpha mgbe mmadụ nọ n'ọnọdụ izu ike, mana ọ ka maara nke ọma. Anya ha nwere ike imechi ma ahụ ha niile n'ezu ike ma nọrọ jụụ, ebe ahụ na-amalite ibelata. Ebili mmiri Beta na-eweghara ebili mmiri alpha mgbe mmadụ nọ n'uche, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere ike ịrụcha ọrụ ma ọ bụ lekwasị anya n'ihe. Ebili mmiri Beta nwere nke kachasị elu na nke kachasị ala, ma n'eme mgbe mmadụ nọ n'anya. A n'ahụ ebili mmiri mgbe mmadụ lekwasịrị anya n'otu ọrụ ma ọ bụ jiri uche ha niile. Theta waves n'eme n'oge onye n'amụ anya, ha n'aga n'ihu n'agafe na Nzọụkwụ 1 nke ụra na Nzọkwa 2. A n'ahụ ebili mmiri Delta na nzọụkwụ 3 na 4 nke ụra mgbe mmadụ nọ n'ụra miri emi.

Ụra na-abụghị REM[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. www.ninds.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2023-02-15.
  2. ↑ Nelson (2021-06-20). The Dichotomy Of Sleep: REM And Non-REM Stages, And Their Impact On Human Health. Quantify Sleep. Retrieved on 2023-07-15.
  3. ↑ (August 2016) "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews 28: 46–54. DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. PMID 26447948. 
  4. ↑ Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health. National Sleep Foundation (2006). Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved on 24 May 2017.
  5. ↑ Waking Up To Sleep (Several conference videos). The Science Network (February 2007). Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved on 25 January 2008.
  6. ↑ (October 2016) "Unraveling the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep". Current Biology 26 (20): R1073–R1087. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068. PMID 27780049. 
  7. ↑ Keene, Alex C & Duboue, Erik R. (12 June 2018). "The origins and evolution of sleep.". The Journal of Experimental Biology 221 (11). DOI:10.1242/jeb.159533. PMID 29895581. Retrieved on 10 January 2023. 
  8. ↑ "Book excerpt: How the lightbulb disrupted our sleeping patterns and changed the world", National Post, 19 September 2012. Retrieved on 31 August 2016. “"... the sudden introduction of bright nights during hours when it should be dark threw a wrench into a finely choreographed system of life.”
  9. ↑ How Blue Light Affects Sleep (en). Sleep Foundation (2020-11-04). Retrieved on 2021-11-18.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 (2005) "Brain Imaging on Passing to Sleep", The Physiologic Nature of Sleep, 123–137. DOI:10.1142/9781860947186_0006. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MaquetEtAl2006" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ Brown, pp. 1118–1119: "Compared with wakefulness, sleep reduces brain energy demands, as suggested by the 44% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of glucose (791) and a 25% reduction in the CMR of O2 (774) during sleep."
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 (April 2008) "Do all animals sleep?". Trends in Neurosciences 31 (4): 208–13. DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. PMID 18328577.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Siegel2008" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ (1999) "Circadian and Sleep Control of Hormonal Secretions", Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, 397–425. 
  14. ↑ Brown, p. 1087.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 (2005) "Electroencephalography, Polysomnography, and Other Sleep Recording Systems", The Physiologic Nature of Sleep, 103–122. DOI:10.1142/9781860947186_0005. ISBN 978-1-86094-557-1. 
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