Ikike ụmụ nwanyị
Ikike ụmụ nwanyị bụ ikike na ikike a na-azọrọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ gburugburu ụwa. Ha hiwere ntọala maka ngagharị ikike ụmụ nwanyị na narị afọ nke 19 na mmegharị nwanyị n'ime narị afọ nke 20 na 21st. N'obodo ụfọdụ, iwu, omenala obodo, na omume na-akwado ma ọ bụ kwadoro ikike ndị a, ebe ndị ọzọ, a na-eleghara ha anya ma na-egbochi ha. Ha dị iche na echiche sara mbara nke oke ruru mmadụ site na nzọrọ nke mkparị akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịnala dị iche iche megidere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-akwado maka ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwoke.[1]
Okwu ndị a na-ejikọtakarị na echiche nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere ikike iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke anụ ahụ na nnwere onwe, nnwere onwe pụọ na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ, ịtụ vootu, ijide ọrụ ọha, ịbanye na nkwekọrịta iwu, inwe ikike nha anya n'iwu ezinụlọ, ịrụ ọrụ, iji ụgwọ ọrụ ziri ezi ma ọ bụ nha nhata, inwe ikike ịmụ nwa, inwe ihe onwunwe na agụmakwụkwọ.[2]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie
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Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Sumer oge ochie nwere ike ịzụta, nwe, ree, na iketa ihe onwunwe. Ha nwere ike itinye aka na azụmaahịa,[3] wee gbaa akaebe n'ụlọ ikpe dị ka ndị akaebe.[3] Ka o sina dị, di ha nwere ike ịgba ha alụkwaghịm n’ihi mmebi iwu dị nro, [3] na di nke gbara alụkwaghịm nwere ike ịlụgharị nwanyị ọzọ n’ụzọ dị mfe ma ọ bụrụ na nwunye mbụ ya amụtaghị ya nwa. A na-efe chi nwanyị dị ka Inanna ofufe n'ọtụtụ ebe.[4]: 182 Onye na-ede uri Akadia bụ Enheduanna, onye ụkọchukwu Inanna na ada Sagọn, bụ onye mbụ a ma ama na-ede uri aha ya.[5] Ụkpụrụ iwu Babilọn ochie nyere nwoke ohere ịgba nwunye ya alụkwaghịm n’ọnọdụ ọ bụla,[4]: 140 ma ime otú ahụ chọrọ ka ọ weghachi ya ihe onwunwe ya ma mgbe ụfọdụ kwụọ ya nra. rịọ di ya ka ọ gbaa alụkwaghịm, manyekwa otu ntaramahụhụ ahụ n'ahụ nwanyị na-arịọ ịgba alụkwaghịm dị ka ọ dị n'ahụ́ nwanyị e jidere n'ịkwa iko. , na-achọ ka ha kwụọ otu nra.[4]: 140 Ọtụtụ chi ndị East Semitic bụ ụmụ nwoke.[4]: 179
Ijipt
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'Ijipt oge ochie, ụmụ nwanyị nwere otu ikike ahụ n'okpuru iwu dị ka nwoke, agbanyeghị ikike ziri ezi dabere na ọkwa ọha na eze. Ihe onwunwe sitere n'agbụrụ nwanyị site n'aka nne ruo n'aka nwa nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị nwekwara ikike ịchịkwa ihe onwunwe nke ha. Ụmụ nwanyị n'Ijipt oge ochie nwere ike ịzụta, ree, bụrụ onye mmekọ na nkwekọrịta iwu, bụrụ ndị na-emezu akwụkwọ testament na ndị akaebe maka akwụkwọ iwu, kpata ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe, ma kuchie ụmụaka.[1]
India
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Joshua J. Mark. "Women in Ancient Egypt", World History Encyclopedia, 4 November 2016. Retrieved on 26 July 2017.
Ụmụ nwanyị n'oge mmalite Oge Vedic [1] nwere ọnọdụ hà nhata na ụmụ nwoke n'akụkụ niile nke ndụ. [2] Ọrụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ India oge ochie dị ka Patanjali na Katyayana na-atụ aro na ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ na mmalite oge Vedic.[3][4] Amaokwu Rigvedic na-atụ aro na ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di mgbe ha tozuru oke ma eleghị anya nweere onwe ha ịhọrọ di ha n'omume a na-akpọ swayamvar ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta na-ebi na mmekọrịta a na- bingaka Alụmdi na nwunye Gandharva.[5]
- ↑ Madhok. "Women: Background & Perspective", InfoChange India. Retrieved on 24 December 2006.
- ↑ Mishra (2006). Women in India: towards gender equality. New Delhi: Authorspress. ISBN 9788172733063. Details.
- ↑ Varttika by Katyayana, 125, 2477
- ↑ Comments to Ashtadhyayi 3.3.21 and 4.1.14 by Patanjali
- ↑ Majumdar (1951). "Chapter XX: Language and literature", in Majumdar: The history and culture of the Indian people, volume I, the Vedic age. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. OCLC 500545168.
Ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye na ịgba ohu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkwekọrịta Mgbakwunye nke 1956 maka Mgbakwunye Ịkwụsị Ịgba Ohu, Azụmaahịa Ohu, na Ụlọ Ọrụ na Omume Dị ka Ịgba Ozu na-akọwa "ụlọ ọrụ na omume ndị yiri ịgba ohu" gụnyere: [1]
- (i) A na-ekwe nwanyị nkwa ma ọ bụ nye ya alụmdi na nwunye ma ọ bụrụ na ọ kwụọ ụgwọ ego ma ọ bụ ụdị nye nne na nna ya, onye nlekọta ya, ezinụlọ ya ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ ma ọ bụ otu; ma ọ bụ
- (ii) Di nwanyị, ezinụlọ ya, ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ya, nwere ikike ịnyefe ya na onye ọzọ maka uru a natara ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ; ma ọ bụ
- (iii) Nwanyị na ọnwụ di ya nwere ike ịbụ onye ọzọ ga-eketa ya.
Nkwekọrịta Istanbul chọrọ ka mba ndị kwadoro ya machibido alụmdi na nwunye a manyere amanye iwu (Nkebi nke 37) ma hụ na enwere ike imebi alụmdi na ọṅụṅụ a manyere n'ụzọ dị mfe na-enweghị mmegbu ọzọ (Nkeji nke 32). [2]
usoro iwu gbochie, gbochie ma nye ntaramahụhụ maka ịzụ ahịa na ndị mmadụ, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka (nke a na-akpọkwa Usoro ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ UN TIP Protocol) bụ usoro maka Nkwekọrịta megide mpụ a haziri ahazi. Ọ bụ otu n'ime usoro atọ Palermo. A kọwara ebumnuche ya na Nkeji edemede 2. Isiokwu 2. Nkwupụta nke ebumnuche dị ka: " (a) Iji gbochie ma lụso ahia n'ime ndị mmadụ ọgụ, na-elebara ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka anya; (b) Iji chebe ma nyere ndị ahịa ahịa dị otú ahụ aka, na nkwanye ùgwù zuru oke maka ikike mmadụ ha; na (c) Iji kwalite imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti mba ndị sonyere iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị ahụ. "[3]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery. Ohchr.org (1956). Retrieved on 18 July 2016.
- ↑ Council of Europe – Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210). coe.int. Retrieved on 8 October 2015.
- ↑ United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto. Retrieved on 18 July 2016.