Ikpe nke Rainbow Warrior

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Ikpe nke Rainbow Warrior
legal case

Ikpe Rainbow Warrior bụ esemokwu dị n'etiti New Zealand na France nke bilitere mgbe mmiri nke Rainbow Warrion gasịrị. Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN Javier Pérez de Cuéllar kpebiri ya na 1986, ọ ghọkwara ihe dị mkpa n'isiokwu nke iwu mba ụwa maka mmetụta ya na ọrụ steeti.

Mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 10 Julaị 1985, ọrụ nzuzo nke ndị ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ndị agha France (DGSE) mere kwụsịrị ụgbọ mmiri Rainbow Warrior nke Dutch debanyere aha Greenpeace nke dabara na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Auckland, na-egbu onye na-ese foto Portuguese, Fernando Pereira.  Ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace nọ na-eme atụmatụ ịkpaghasị ule nuklia ndị France n'àgwàetiti French Polynesia.  N'ikpeazụ, New Zealand jidere ma mara mmadụ abụọ nke ndị agha nzuzo France ikpe.[1][2][3]

Mmetụta Iwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe ọtụtụ esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị n'etiti France na New Zealand metụtara isi okwu gbasara nkwụghachi ụgwọ na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrụ ejidere, gọọmentị abụọ ahụ kpebiri ka ụlọ ikpe nke onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN mgbe ahụ, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, ga-ekpebi esemokwu ha.  .  Ekpeputara mkpebi njide ya na 6 Julaị 1986.[4]

Ikpe ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na omume nke steeti France abụghị ihe iyi egwu maka "udo na nchekwa mba ụwa" dịka Charter UN si kwuo n'ihi ebumnuche na mmetụta ha pere mpe, a na-ewere ha dị ka omume mpụ mba ụwa nke gụnyere mmebi nke ọbụbụeze na nledo (ọ bụ ezie na iwu mba ụwa anaghị ekpuchi nledo n'oge udo). Ihe ncheta French nye odeakwụkwọ ukwu ahụ kwuru na Greenpeace na-etinye aka na "omume iro" na "mmegide iwu na-akwadoghị" nke ókèala French gburugburu ebe nnwale na New Zealand rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ikpo okwu maka omume ndị ahụ. A jụrụ arụmụka ndị a dịka ha na-emezughị ọ bụla nke iwu mba ụwa metụtara iji ike eme ihe.

Ọrụ gọọmentị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ ebe steeti na-eziga ndị ọrụ ya na mba ofesi iji mee ihe ndị iwu na-akwadoghị n'okpuru iwu mba ụwa ma ọ bụ nke obodo nke mba ahụ, ọ bụ omenala ka steeti were ọrụ maka omume ahụ ma nye ụgwọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, a na-enyekarị ndị ọrụ ya nnwere onwe n'ụlọ ikpe mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, n'okwu a, New Zealand jisiri ike kpọọ steeti France n'okpuru iwu mba ụwa ma nwalee ndị ọrụ ya n'okpuru ikike obodo ya.[Tinye edensibịa]

France chọrọ ịdabere na nkuzi nke ike ukwu n'ihi na ihe ndị metụtara ahụike e ji weghachite ndị ọrụ ahụ bụ ihe a na-atụghị anya ya na ihe karịrị ya, ya mere ọrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ maka njide agaghị ekwe omume. Òtù Arbitration jụrụ iji ike dị ukwuu; ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi ịlaghachi, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọrụ France n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ emebeghị ka ọ ghara ikwe omume.[5]

France, ebe ọ kwetara na ọ bụ ya kpatara ya, lekwasịrị anya na mgbalị ya iji weghachite ndị ọrụ ya. New Zealand kwetara na nke a na ọnọdụ na ha ga-emezu ikpe ha fọdụrụnụ. E nwetara nkwekọrịta site n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN na ikpe afọ atọ na French atoll nke Hao (n'ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke France). France mechara weghachite ndị ọrụ abụọ ahụ na France ma tọhapụ ha na Mee 1988, mgbe ihe na-erughị afọ abụọ gachara na atoll ahụ.[6]

N'ihe gbasara nkwụghachi ụgwọ, France na mbụ nyere mgbaghara na nkwenye maka mmebi iwu mba ụwa.[7] Tụkwasị na nke a, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN nyere New Zealand US $ 6.5 nde na NZ $ 3.5 nde ọzọ iji guzobe New Zealand / France Friendship Fund.[8][9] Nke a bụ na mgbakwunye na nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke France kwụrụ ezinụlọ Pereira na Greenpeace (nke bi na nzuzo).[10]

Nsonaazụ ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ikpe Rainbow Warrior na-akwado echiche na e nwere ozizi nke enweghị ntinye aka na iwu mba ụwa nakwa na a ga-ata steeti ahụhụ maka imebi ya. Ọ bụkwa ọmụmụ na-adọrọ mmasị banyere ibu ọrụ steeti, ibu ọrụ onwe onye, iji ike na nkwụghachi ụgwọ. Ntụle ya maka iwu mba ụwa na-egbochi n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na otu onye kpebiri ya (odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN) dị ka ụlọ ikpe pụrụ iche na-abụghị nke mba ụwa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e nwere ihe mgbochi ikike maka itinye akwụkwọ na Ụlọikpe Ikpe nke Mba Nile site na New Zealand, nke kachasị mkpa bụ na France anabataghị (ma ka na-anabataghị) ikike nke Ụlọikpe ahụ dị ka iwu.[11]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Page (2014-09-24). French inquiry into bombing of Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior: from the archive, 24 September 1985 (en-GB). The Guardian. Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
  2. ↑ Brown (2005-08-23). How Rainbow Warrior was played down (en-GB). The Guardian. Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
  3. ↑ Armstrong. "Reality behind the Rainbow Warrior outrage", NZ Herald, 2005-07-02. Retrieved on 2020-04-08. (in en-NZ)
  4. ↑ Case concerning the difference between New Zealand and France concerning the interpretation or application of two agreements, concluded on 9 July 1986 between the two States and which related to the problems arising from the Rainbow Warrior Affair (30 April 1990).
  5. ↑ Jiménez de Aréchaga (2009-12-29). Rainbow Warrior (NEW ZEALAND v. FRANCE). Archived from the original on 2009-12-29. Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
  6. ↑ THE BOMBING OF THE WARRIOR (2012-03-10). Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
  7. ↑ Shabecoff (1987-10-03). France Must Pay Greenpeace $8 Million in Sinking of Ship (en-US). The New York Times. Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
  8. ↑ Case concerning the difference between New Zealand and France concerning the interpretation or application of two agreements, concluded on 9 July 1986 between the two States and which related to the problems arising from the Rainbow Warrior Affair (30 April 1990).
  9. ↑ Boczek (2005). International Law: A Dictionary. Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5078-8. Retrieved on 7 May 2016. 
  10. ↑ Case concerning the differences between New Zealand and France arising from the Rainbow Warrior affair. United Nations.
  11. ↑ Declarations Recognizing the Jurisdiction of the Court as Compulsory. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2011.

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