Ikwerre language
Ikwerre Templeeti:Infobox Language/pronunciation | ||
---|---|---|
Spoken in: | Rivers state, Nigeria | |
Total speakers: | 1.2 million | |
Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Volta–Niger Templeeti:Sm Igboid IkwerreTempleeti:Infobox Language/script | |
Language codes | ||
ISO 639-1: | none | |
ISO 639-2: | — | |
ISO 639-3: | ikw |
Ikwerre, nke akpokwara dika Ikwere, bu asusu igboid nke ndi Ikwerre bi na Steeti Rivers, Nigeria .
Nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ejiri asụsụ Ikwerre dika olumba igbo. Nkewa Ikwerre dịka olumba ndi igbo n’agbanyeghi bu okwu esemokwu n’etiti ufodu ndị obodo Ikwerre n’ihi ihe ndorondoro ochịchị. Dabere na nyocha lexicostatistical nyocha, Kay Williamson kwusiri ike na asụsụ Ikwerre, Ekpeye, Ogba, Etche na asụsụ Igbo bụ otu ụyọkọ asụsụ ahụ, mana ha abụghị olumba. [1] Ihe omumu nke Williamson na Roger Blench mere nchịkota ha kwubiri na asusu Igbo, Ikwerre, Ogba na asusu ndi nwanyi ha wezuga onwe ha na Ekpeye bu “ngwungwu asusu” ma na ha nwere nghota . [2] O nwere ihe n’egosi na ndi Ikwerre na-asụ asụsụ abuo ọbụlagodi na Naịjirịa tupu chịrị, ebe ndị mmadụ na-asụ asụsụ Igbo ndị ọzọ na Ikwerre. [3]
Fọnọlọji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikwerre na-amata ụdaume site na ịdị mma (ihu na ịdị elu), ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nasalization, yana ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nke mgbọrọgwụ ire dị elu .
N'ihu | Azụ | ||
---|---|---|---|
Elu | + ATR | i ĩ | u ũ |
RR | ɪ ɪ̃ | ʊ ʊ̃ | |
Etiti | + ATR | e ẽ | o õ |
RR | ɛ ɛ̃ | ɔ ɔ̃ | |
Ala | RR | a ã |
E nwekwara udaume * /ə̃/ nke a na-etinye iji kọwaa ụda olu nke syllabic na akaụntụ nke asụsụ nke kwuru na Ikwerre enweghị nkwụsị imi. A na-ada ụda a dị ka [ɨ̃] ma ọ bụ nịịlọn syllabic nke na- emetụta ụdaume na-eso mgbechiume
Ndakorita ụdaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikwerre na-egosipụta ụdị nkwekọrịta ụdaume abụọ :
- Mkpụrụ ụdaume ọ bụla dị n’okwu Ikwerre, ewepụ ole na ole, na-ekwenyere ụdaume ndị ọzọ dị n’okwu ahụ banyere ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị mkpọrọgwụ nke ire dị elu .
- Udaume di otu elu na nkeji okwu a gha agha aghaghi ibu iru ma obu azu, ya bu na abuo /i/ & /u/, /ɪ/ & /ʊ/, /e/ & /o/, na /ɛ/ & /ɔ/ enweghị ike ime na nkeji nkeji. Otú ọ dị, ụda olu dị iche iche dị iche iche ekwesịghị ikwekọ maka ihu / azụ. Nke a emetụtaghị ụdaume nke mbụ na aha na-amalite site na ụdaume ma ọ bụ site na /ɾ/, ọ naghị emetụta mkpụrụ okwu onomatopoeic.
Mgbochiume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bilabial | Ime ụlọ | Alveolar | Postalveolar </br> ma ọ bụ palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gburugburu | Ebupụtara | Gburugburu | Ebupụtara | ||||||
Oke </br> ma ọ bụ ka njọ |
Enweghị olu | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | |||
Olu | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ɡʷ | ||||
Esemokwu | Enweghị olu | f | s | ||||||
Olu | v | z | |||||||
Nkwụsịghị nkwụsị | Olu | ḅ~m | |||||||
Ekewapụrụ | ʼḅ~ʼm | ||||||||
Kpatụ | ɾ~ɾ̃ | ||||||||
Nkebi | l~n | j~j̃ | ɰ~ɰ̃ | w~w̃ | h~h̃ | hʷ~h̃ʷ |
okwu onu mgbechiume [ḅ ʼḅ l ɾ j ɰ w h hʷ] na eme tupu okwu onu udaume, na ndiya okpokpo chi [m ʼm n ɾ̃ ȷ̃ ɰ̃ w̃ h̃ h̃ʷ] tupu ofufu udaume. "ndi na agbawa agbawa na akwusi" [ḅ ʼḅ] abughi plosives (o bughi pulmonic), na eghita implosives na ihe ndi ngwarangwara Igbo.
The tap /ɾ/ mgbe ufodu enwetaghi na nkebi [ɹ].
.Da
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikwerre bu asusu tonal nwere uda asa: nke di elu, nke di n’etiti, nke di ala, nke di ala, nke di n’etiti, nke etiti na-ada na ibili. Ikwerre nwekwara ụda ụda. Ọmụmaatụ: rínyā̀ (elu, ala-ala ọdịda) pụtara "ibu, arọ", rìnyâ (obere, ala-ada ada) pụtara "nwanyi, nwunye", mụ̌ (na-ebili) pụtara "ịmụ", mụ̂ (elu-ala ịda) pụtara "ịmụ nwa", wdg.
Agbirigba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikwerre nwere ihe di iche-iche, ma obu cant, Agbirigba, nke putara igbochi nghota nke ndi anaputa.
Ntughari
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Williamson (1974). ODUMA: The Lower Niger Languages. Rivers State Council of Arts & Culture, Port Harcourt.
- ↑ Williamson (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Kelechukwu U. Ihemere (2007). A Tri-Generational Study of Language Choice & Shift in Port Harcourt. Universal-Publishers, 28–35. ISBN 9781581129588.
- Clements, George N. (2005). "Nasal harmony in Ikwere, a language with no phonemic nasal consonants". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 26 (2): 165–200. DOI:10.1515/jall.2005.26.2.165.
- Williamson (1970). Reading and writing Ikwerre. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies.