Isiokwu
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Edigas ma ọ bụ Idigas bụ obodo Hindu toddy tapper di na Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh na Tamil Nadu . [1]
Ọrụ ọdịnala nke ndị Idiga bụ nke toddy tapping.[2] Ha tinye karịrị uche na mpaghara Malenadu na Shivamogga. Obodo ndị yiri ya ma dị iche n'ime ala toddy tapping , nke a na-akpọ Billava na Deevaru, dị na Dakshina Kannada na ndịda Karnataka, n'otu n'otu. E nweela mgbalị ime ka obodo ndị a dị iche iche jikọọ aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mana ndị a emebiela n'afọ ndị otu puku na iri asatọ .[3]
A na-ahazi ndị Idiga dị ka ndị otu laghachiri azụ (OBC) n'afọ ndị 1980s, mgbe ha mejupụtara ihe dị ka pasent abụọ na nkeji ise nke ndị bi na Karnataka. N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ha dị ala, a họpụtara ndị Idiga iri na otu dị ka ndị otu Nzukọ Ndị Ome Iwu na ntuli aka nke afọ otu puku narị iteghete iri asatọ na ise na-eme ka ha bụrụ otu OBC kachasị ukwuu na Nzukọ Ndị Ọme Iwu nke Karnataka. Ha nwere mmadụ isii na afọ otu puku narị iteghete iri asaa na asatọ nweekwa mmadụ asatọ na afọ otu puku narị iteghete iri asatọ na atọ [2] Ha ka bụ ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa ma kọwaa ha dị ka akụkụ nke AHINDA nke nyeere ndị otu Indian National Congress aka nke ukwuu na ntuli aka nke afọ puku abụọ iri na ato.[4]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke Idigas aghọwo ndị bara ọgaranya ma dị ike site n'ịgbatị itinye aka ha na nkwekọrịta ego, distiling na brewing na nkwekọta na nnukwu azụmaahịa, mana ntọala akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ ka na-ejedebe na nke mmanya. Idigas nke Neeravari Pradesh nke Karnataka nwere ọtụtụ ala na-eme nri na-eme ka ha nweta nnukwu ego.[5] Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka Sarekoppa Bangarappa, ndị nke obodo toddy-tapping, enweela ike iji nkwado nke ndị a bara ọgaranya.[6]
Idiga na-agba Ọkpụkpụ ma, ya na ụfọdụ ndị otu Vokkaliga, na-achịkwa ofụma na ya bụ ọrụ [7]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Prajavani nke asụsụ Kannada bụ nke onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmanya idiga nke "kpara ego n'oge agha" guzobere ma, ka ọ na-erule afọ otu puku narị iteghete ụmụ ya ka na-achịkwa ya.[8]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ezhava na Thiyya, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri akị bekee nke Kerala.
- Nadar (ọkwá), ndị na-eti mkpu nkwụ nke Tamil Nadu
- Bhandari (ọkwá) , ndị toddy tappers nke Konkan
- Siyal (Caste), toddy tappers caste nke Odisha
- Ramanujan (1997). "A Wager", in Blackburn: A Flowering Tree and Other Oral Tales from India: A.K. Ramanujan; Edited with a Preface by Stuart Blackburn and Alan Dundes. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52020-399-0.
- ↑ Commission (1975). Report of the Backward Classes Commission, Tamil Nadu, 1970 (in en). Government of Tamil Nadu, 21. “Idigas were retained in the Backward Classes list as they alone ( and not Setti Balija ) were today tappers and ... According to him , the population of the Idiga community in Tamil Nadu is very small and their economic condition is ...”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Natraj (2007). "Backwards Classes and Minorities in Karnataka Politics", in Ramaswamy: Karnataka Government and Politics. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-8-18069-397-7.
- ↑ Mathew (1984). Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Concept Publishing Company.
- ↑ Patagundi (2015). "Karnataka: Change and Continuity in 2014", in Wallace: India's 2014 Elections: A Modi-led BJP Sweep. SAGE Publications India, 318–319. ISBN 978-9-35150-517-4.
- ↑ Damodaran (2008). India's New Capitalists: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation. Springer. ISBN 978-0-23059-412-8.
- ↑ Osella (2000). Social Mobility In Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-74531-693-2.
- ↑ Unnikrishnan (2012). "Traditional Orthopaedic Practitioners' Place in Contemporary Health", in Sheikh: Health Providers in India: On the Frontlines of Change. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13651-682-5.
- ↑ Jeffrey (22 March 1997). "Kannada: "We Fake It There Is Competition"". Economic and Political Weekly 32 (12): 566–570.