Izube Ihe Omume Ndị Ogbenye - Ụzọ Agụsị Akwụkwọ
Ihe ịma aka nke Frontiers of Poverty Reduction: Targeting the Ultra Poor (CFPR-TUP) oru ngo bụ nke BRAC, otu mmepe na Bangladesh malitere na 2002. [1] Ndị ogbenye dara ogbenye bụ otu ndị na-eri ihe na-erughị 80% nke ume ike ha chọrọ n'agbanyeghị na ha na-emefu opekata mpe 80% nke ego ha na-enweta na nri. [2] Na Bangladesh, ha bụ ndị kasị daa ogbenye pasent 17.5 nke ndị bi na ya. [3] Ndị a na-ata ahụhụ site na agụụ na-adịghị ala ala na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, enweghị ebe obibi zuru oke, na-enwekarị ọrịa, na-agụghị akwụkwọ ma na-enwekwa ike ịnweta ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha ugboro ugboro. Mmemme CFPR-TUP bụ maka ezinaụlọ ndị dara ogbenye nke ukwuu iji nweta uru sitere na mmemme mmepe dị ka obere ego na-enyere ha aka inweta ọrụ mmepe bụ isi. As of 2015[update] </link></link> , ihe omume a na-eri ihe dị ka nde US $35 kwa afọ. [4]
Usoro ngụsị akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Usoro ngụsị akwụkwọ bụ mmemme afọ abụọ ezubere iji bulie ndị ogbenye ọnụ ntụ banye ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze ka mma. Ọ na-amalite site n'ikenye ihe onwunwe dị ka ehi ma ọ bụ anụ ọkụkọ, yana ọzụzụ maka ịzụ ha. Ọ gụnyekwara nri ma ọ bụ nkwado ego n'akụkụ, akụkụ iji belata mkpa iri ma ọ bụ ire akụ na nsogbu ego. Enwere akaụntụ nchekwa ego, agụmakwụkwọ ahụike yana nkuzi oge niile iji kwalite nka na iwulite ntụkwasị obi. [5] Ihe ngosi ndị a bụ mgbanwe dị mma na nchekwa nri, isi mmalite ego dị iche iche, inwe ihe onwunwe, ụlọ emelitere, ndebanye aha ụlọ akwụkwọ na nnabata ọha mmadụ. Ka emechara usoro onyinye afọ abụọ, ndị otu dara ogbenye na-esonye na mmemme mmepe nke BRAC.
Nnyocha e wepụtara na 2010 kọrọ na ihe karịrị 95% nke ndị sonyere hapụrụ ngalaba nke ịda ogbenye n'ime ọnwa 24, wee pụọ na ya afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Otu ikpe nchịkwa na-enweghị usoro nke ewepụtara na 2013 gosipụtara mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide na uru nke anụ ụlọ, ọrụ onwe onye, ego na-enwe obi ụtọ na-akọ - ogologo oge mgbe oge nkwado ahụ kwụsịrị. [6]
Kemgbe mmalite ya, mmemme ekpuchila 1.6 nde ezinụlọ dara ogbenye na mpaghara 44 nke Bangladesh. [7] Na mpụga Bangladesh, Consultative Group for Assisting Poor (CGAP), otu World Bank na Ford Foundation amụwo mmemme TUP, emebere na mba asatọ na Latin America, Africa, Middle East na n'ebe ndị ọzọ na Eshia, nke emere n'ụzọ doro anya na BRAC. Mgbe afọ 1.5 ruo 3 gachara, 75% ruo 98% nke ndị sonyere na-ezute ụkpụrụ “ngụsị akwụkwọ”. [8] [9] Nicholas Kristof kwuru na kọlụm New York Times na ihe nlereanya a bụ usoro olileanya nke na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka isi n'ịda ogbenye pụta. [5] BRAC dị njikere imeghe ụzọ ha si aga, ma iji nyere mba ndị ọzọ aka nweta nsonaazụ yiri nke ahụ yana imezi usoro nke ha. [10]
Ọkwa akụ na ụba na-ekere òkè[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ ịchụ ma ọ bụ ịchọta ndị chọrọ enyemaka kacha. A na-eme nke a site n'ihe BRAC kpọrọ "oke akụ na ụba na-ekere òkè" - ịchịkọta ihe dị ka mmadụ 40 ruo 50 n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ obodo iji chọpụta ndị kasị daa ogbenye. Ndị ọrụ mmemme na-esochi nleta mmadụ na ndị nwere ike iso, na-eji usoro ọkọlọtọ - ọnụọgụ nri kwa ụbọchị, ma elu ụlọ ha ọ bụ ahịhịa ma ọ bụ tin, na ihe ndị ọzọ - iji chọpụta onye tozuru oke. Ndị isi njikwa wee nyochaa nhọrọ ahụ. Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ntinye aka n'okpuru elu na nlekọta elu-ala, nke ezubere iji hụ na ọ dịghị ogbenye ogbenye na-ahapụghị, na ego anaghị efunahụ ndị nwere ike irite uru na ntinye aka dị ọnụ ala. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
Enyemaka akụrụngwa, ọzụzụ na nleba anya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ ịnyefe ihe onwunwe dịka ewu, ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ ehi, ego na ego nri iji nye onye na-erite uru ụlọ iku ume mgbe ọ na-amụ ahịa ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nweta akaụntụ nchekwa. Ọzụzụ n'agụmakwụkwọ na ọgụgụ isi dị ka ide aha ha yana nlekọta ahụike mgbochi mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ na-ewere ọnọdụ n'akụkụ. A na-akpọbata ndị ọzọ n'ime obodo, gụnyere ndị isi obodo, na usoro a. Dịka akụkụ nke usoro a, nkuzi, ma ọ bụ "ijide aka", site na nleta kwa izu site na ndị ọrụ mmemme iji merie ihe ịma aka, na-eduzi. [
Ngụsị akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ịga n'ihu na-echekwa mgbe njedebe nke mmemme ahụ nwere ike inyere ndị na-erite uru / ndị sonyere aka ichebe akụ ma na-akpakọba ego maka itinye ego n'ọdịnihu ma ọ bụ ihe mberede. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-ekerịta n'ofe ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu bụ na ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke mmemme ahụ, ndị òtù nwere ohere ịnweta ọtụtụ ọrụ ego. Ụzọ ngụsị akwụkwọ abụghị ụzọ mgbapụ na-adịru nwa oge site na oke ịda ogbenye kama kama ọ na-achọ iji ngwá ọrụ, ihe eji ebi ndụ, na ntụkwasị obi onwe onye kwadoo onwe ha mgbe mmemme ahụ kwụsịrị. [11]
- Ụlọ ọrụ Grameen Bank
- Association for Social Advancement
- Mahadum BRAC
- Aarong
- Ịgbazinye ego n'ịdị n'otu
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Rakib Avi. "Hope Is The Word", The Daily Star, 20 September 2015. Retrieved on 21 September 2015.
- ↑ Lipton (22 May 2009). "Seasonality and Ultrapoverty". IDS Bulletin 17 (3): 4–8. DOI:10.1111/j.1759-5436.1986.mp17003002.x.
- ↑ Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010, Bureau of Statistics
- ↑ Expense Revenue 2015. Retrieved on 22 April 2017.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kristof. "The Power of Hope Is Real", The New York Times, 21 May 2015. Retrieved on 21 September 2015. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "hope" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Scott MacMillan. "The ultra-poor: a pioneering technique is helping the hardest to reach", The Guardian, 12 January 2015. Retrieved on 21 September 2015.
- ↑ "Pioneer in Change", The Daily Star, 13 March 2015.
- ↑ Ama Marston (March 2014). "Tackling Ultra-Poverty Through the Graduation Approach". Retrieved on 21 September 2015.
- ↑ Ultra Poor Graduation Pilots | Innovations for Poverty Action. Poverty-action.org. Retrieved on 21 September 2015.
- ↑ Targeting the Ultra Poor: When Microcredit Isn't the First Step. NextBillion.net (26 June 2010). Retrieved on 21 September 2015.
- ↑ An end in sight for ultra poverty-scaling up BRAC's graduation model for the poorest (PDF). Graduation and Social Protection Conference – Institute of Development Studies (IDS), UK. Retrieved on 21 September 2015.