Johan de Ridder
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| Aha enyere | Johan |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1927 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Pretoria |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 29 Jenụwarị 2013 |
| Dị/nwunye | Suzette de Ridder |
| nwa | Thomas de Ridder |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | University of Pretoria |
| ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike | Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara |
Johan de Ridder ( Pretoria, 21 Jenụarị 1927 – Pretoria, 29 Jenụarị 2013) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ South Africa mara maka ntinye aka ya na owuwu okpukperechi na ọha. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Akụkọ ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ime ndị isi ụlọ ụka Afrikaner, gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ Gerard Moerdijk, Wynand Louw, [5] Hendrik Vermooten na J. Anthonie Smith, ọ haziri ma wuo ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị nke ụlọ ụka maka Ụka Reformed na South Africa . N'ihe gbasara ime ụlọ ọha, ihe enyemaka pụtara ìhè bụ ụlọ akụ nke Land na Pretoria.
Mkpali ya, ihe atụ ya na ihe owuwu ya, ka na-adị ndụ, Prọfesọ Schalk W le Roux (Onye isi nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ University nke Pretoria ) dere dị ka ndị a n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya: N'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ Johan de Ridder bụ onye nwere mmetụta. Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ South Africa. A maara ya nke ọma maka ụzọ ọhụrụ na nke onwe ya maka nhazi ụlọ ụka Reformed, ma nke a abụghị nanị ụdị ụlọ ebe a mụrụ ma ṅomie ihe nlereanya ya. Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ ruru n'ofe dị mfe chọrọ nke ọrụ ya search na imewe, si otú consciously ekwe maka obodo n'ezie nke ihu igwe, teren, ụlọ ihe onwunwe, ụlọ sayensị na nkà na-ezi na-emepụta generators nke owuwu. Ụlọ na ebe ndị a rụpụtara na-eme ememe ala- na obodo ndị e ji ejikọta ha na ọnọdụ gburugburu ma mee ka mmepe nke ụzọ South Africa echiche ụkpụrụ ụlọ, dabere na ịkwado echiche ụwa nke oge a. Otu ụkpụrụ ahụ, nke ịhụnanya maka akụkọ ihe mere eme, asụsụ na mba na-akpali, chọtara okwu na ọrụ mweghachi, dị ka n'ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke Paul Kruger na Boekenhoutfontein, ebe ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ihe ndị gara aga, nakwa n'ụlọ na nnukwu ụlọ, dị ka Land Bank ụlọ na Pretoria, ebe ọzọ ọ bụ eziokwu ruo ugbu a - oge o biri na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe kacha ya nso bụ owuwu ụlọ ụka na nchụso ya bụ maka ihe owuwu kwesịrị ekwesị na nke bara uru nke na-anabata ofufe. Enwere ike ịchọta nnwale ya iji nweta nke a n'ọtụtụ ụlọ na atụmatụ ya na-esote. Dị ka onye na-eto eto na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, o kwusiri okwu ike banyere mgbanwe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na "ụdị Gerard Moerdyk na Henry Vermooten" nke sitere na "ọrụ oge a na-enye ume ọhụrụ nke Verhoef Smit na Viljoen bụ ndị jere ozi dị ka mkpali nye m." Ọ gara n’ihu ikwu, sị: “Atụmatụ [m] na-egosipụta ọchịchọ maka ụdị ọhụrụ na ịma mma iji gosipụta ihe dị mkpa n’ụlọ chọọchị.” Mgbalị ya bụ maka ịdị mfe n'ụdị, ahịrị na ụgbọ elu nke na-esi na ma gosipụta ọdịdị bụ isi nke ofufe na Chọọchị Reformed, na igbu ya n'ime mmachi nke ego dịnụ. Ọ gwara ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ahụ maka ụkpụrụ ụlọ na 1955, obere oge ka e mechachara chọọchị a kacha mara amara na Parys, Free State, “ọrụ nke chọọchị na-arụ site n'ofufe ọha na eze: ọ bụ onye na-ewu ụlọ. Ụlọ ahụ na-esi na atụmatụ pụta ma, n'aka nke ya, a na-ekpebi atụmatụ ahụ site na ọrụ nke ụlọ ahụ. " Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ụka, e nwere ihe nnọchianya na ihe ịchọ mma dị n'ime ụka ya na-atụ aro ka Okwu Chineke si n'elu ikpo okwu, n'elu ọgbakọ na, site na windo, gaa n'ụwa. N’izo aka n’ụka dị na Parys, o kwuru, sị: “Dị ka ọ dị n’ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ, ihe nnọchianya, dabere n’eziokwu nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, etinyere n’ihe owuwu a. Ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ụka dị ka ụlọikwuu na-aga n'ọzara nke ịdị adị nwa oge a na njem ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. " Ya mere, ụka bụ ihe ngosi anya nke transience na udi tent bụ kpọmkwem ụkpụrụ ụlọ nsụgharị nke echiche nke enweghị ebe obibi. Ezi onyinye nke onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ inye ụdị ihe atụ. Ụkpụrụ atọ nke De Ridder, nke etinyere na ụlọ okpukperechi na nke ụwa, bụ nke mbụ na ihe owuwu ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ugbu a, nke abụọ na ụdị ahụ kwesịrị ịpụta site na ihe ọrụ ahụ pụtara na nke atọ na nhazi ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ akụ na ụba na ọnụ ala. Ikwesị ntụkwasị obi na-erube isi n'ụkpụrụ ndị a bụ eleghị anya otu n'ime ihe ndị mere ụlọ ya ji eguzogide ule nke oge. Dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ọ nwere ahụmahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na atụmatụ ya ka nwere ekele ma dị ugbu a n'oge ndụ ya, ma a ka na-amụ ma na-enyocha ya dị ka ihe dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọchịchọ maka izi ezi. Ebipụtala ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na South Africa yana mba ụwa niile na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ anabatara yana akwụkwọ akụkọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ndị ama ama kwa ọnwa ebe a na-atụgharịgharị echiche na mkpebi ya ma tụleghachi ya. Mkpali ya, ihe atụ ya na ihe owuwu ya na-adị ndụ.
N'ụzọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya, ụka Dopper bụ ụkpụrụ kachasị dị egwu na nnukwu ebili mmiri nke ụlọ ụka nke ndị Ụka Protestant Afrikaner na-arụ n'etiti 1940s na njedebe 1980s. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ụka Dopper ochie, gụnyere nke a, bụ nke Johan de Ridder. N'onwe ya bụ Dopper, ọ kọwara ụzọ o si abịakwute m na 1994: "Chọọchị Dopper butere ụzọ n'ihi ike nke ozizi ya. Enwere m ike ịbịaru nso nhazi nke ụka dịka ndị obodo mere, na-agbalị itinye nkwenkwe anyị na ya. abụghị a style. Ụka bụ a visual akara nke akụkụ nke okwukwe, n'out oge na-ejigide isi echiche nke Ndozigharị na niile mpụga akara kwesịrị izere a mgbagwoju ụkpụrụ ụlọ elu ụlọ, larịị, pụtara ìhè na ịdị elu na ịdị n'otu n'etiti ime na mputa... The triangle bụ n'ezie okpukpe nke nwere nnọọ vetikal na nke mmụọ àgwà na-ekwusa Okwu na-adịghị mma na mgbidi anọ n'elu na n'ihu ụka nke dị ka megaphone na onye nkwusa n'elu ya." [6]
Ewezuga ụka Dutch Reformed nke dị na Aranos nke dị na ndịda Namibia, ihe niile De Ridder mere bụ maka ụlọ ndị dị na mbụ Transvaal (ógbè) na na ugwu Free State (n'ógbè) . N'afọ 1986, Johan de Ridder na TW Baker mere nrụghachi dị ịrịba ama nke Union Buildings dị ka ndị a họpụtara ahọpụta [7]
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Elphick (1 January 1997). Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. University of California Press. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.
- ↑ Marijke Andrea Tymbios: Cementing Belief: Tracing the History of Modernist Afrikaans Church Architecture, 1955-1975, Accessed 29 Dec 2019
- ↑ DSpace. wiredspace.wits.ac.za. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.
- ↑ Marijke Andrea Tymbios (2019) A Double-Edged Sword: The Modernist Dutch Reformed Church of Op-die-Berg,de arte, DOI: 10.1080/00043389.2019.1603892, Accessed 29 Dec 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.
- ↑ Menache (26 March 2015). Church Tourism in South Africa: A Travel Odyssey : Also Featuring, On Tour with Wynand Louw. Philippe Menache and Darryl Earl David. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.
- ↑ MoMA, 1998, Accessed 29 Dec 2019. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.
- ↑ JOHAN DE RIDDER ARCHITECT. www.artefacts.co.za. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved on 26 March 2024.