Kanuri language

Kanuri Kànùrí
Spoken in:	Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon , Sudan, Libya
Region:	Lake Chad
Total speakers:	8,845,500
Language family:	Niluṣeḥrawit?  Saharan   Western Saharan    Kanuri
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	kau

Kanuri (/kəˈnuːri/) bụ asụsụ na-aga n'ihu na-asụ na Naijiria, Niger, Chad na Cameroon, yana obere ndị na-erughị eru na ndịda Libya na ndị bi na Sudan.

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

At the turn of the 21st century, its two main dialects, Manga Kanuri and Yerwa Kanuri (also called Beriberi, which its speakers consider to be pejorative), were spoken by 9,700,000 people in Central Africa. It belongs to the Western Saharan subphylum of Nilo-Saharan. Kanuri is the language associated with the Kanem and Bornu empires that dominated the Lake Chad region for a thousand years.

Usoro okwu bụ isi nke ahịrịokwu Kanuri bụ isiokwu. Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'otu oge nwere postpositions na post-nominal modifiers dịka ọmụmaatụ, "pot Bintu" ga-egosipụta dị ka nje Bintu-be, "pot Vintu-of".

Kanuri nwere ụda atọ: elu, ala, na ọdịda. Ọ nwere usoro dị ukwuu nke consonantal lenition; dịka ọmụmaatụ, sa- "ha" + -buma "eri" → za-wuna "ha riri".

Dị ka omenala, ọ bụ asụsụ a na-asụ n'ógbè ahụ, ojiji ya adaala n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ mbụ na-asụrụ Hausa ma ọ bụ Arabic dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ. [citation needed]

Ebe a na-ekesa ya

A na-asụ Kanuri karịsịa na ala dị ala nke Chad Basin, na ndị na-ekwu okwu na Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan na Libya.

Ụdị dị iche iche

Ethnologue kewara Kanuri n'ime asụsụ ndị a, ebe ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ (dịka. Cyffer 1998) na-ewere ha dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ. Ndị agbụrụ Kanuri na-asụ atọ mbụ ma chee ha dị ka olumba nke asụsụ ha.

• Central Kanuri
• Manga Kanuri
• Tumari Kanuri
• Bilma Kanuri (ma ọ bụ Bilms)
• Kanembu
• FADAWUU kanuri

A maara ụdị dị iche iche e gosipụtara na narị afọ nke iri na asaa dị ka Old Kanembu. N'ihe gbasara ịgụgharị na nkọwa okpukpe, a ka na-eji ihe sitere na nke a eme ihe nke ukwuu, nke a na-akpọ Tarjumo.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

	Akụkụ abụọ	Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwXg"><br><br><br>	Alveolar	Post-alveolar<br id="mwYw"><br><br><br>	Palatal	Velar	Ọkụ
Plosive	(p) b		t d			k ɡ	ʔ
Africate				t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Ihe na-esiri ike	(nke a na-akpọ β)	f	s z	ʃ		(ɣ)	h
Ụgbọ imi	m		n			(ŋ)
Akụkụ			l	(nke a na-akpọ)
Ihe na-atọ ụtọ			r
Ihe atụ	w				j

• Enwere ike ịnwe ụda ụdaolu /mb, nd, ŋɡ/, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ma a na-ewere ha dị ka phonemic.
• Ụda /p/ na-emekarị dị ka allophone nke /b/, mgbe ọ na-eso ụda ọzọ na-enweghị olu. Ọ pụkwara ịbụ na mgbanwe n'efu na /f/, Otú ọ dị; a ka na-anọchite anya ya na ọkọlọtọ orthography Kanuri.
• A na-ahụ fricative na-enweghị olu dị ka allophone nke /f/ mgbe ọ na-ebute ụdaume azụ /o, u/. A na-ekwupụta fricative [β] dị ka allophone nke /b/, mgbe ọ na-eme na ọnọdụ intervocalic. A voiced fricative [ɣ] na-eme dị ka allophone nke /ɡ/, mgbe ọ na-eme intervocalically n'etiti ụdaume etiti.
• A na-anụ ụda retroflex n'akụkụ mgbe /l/ na-esote /i/.
• [ŋ] na-apụta dị ka allophone nke /n/ mgbe ọ na-ebute ụdaume na-akwụsị akwụsị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ehichapụ ma ọ bụ nụ ụda nkwụsị, yabụ a na-anụkarị ụda imi [ŋ].

Mkpụrụedemede

	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ	i	(ɨ)	u
N'etiti etiti	na		o
N'etiti		ə
Mepee n'etiti			Mmiri na-agụ
Emeghe		a

• A na-anụ [ɨ] dị ka allophone nke /ə/.

Ihe odide Kanuri

E dere Kanuri site na iji edemede Ajami Arabic, ọkachasị n'okpukpe ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ ikpe, ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala narị afọ anọ. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-edekwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ na mkpụrụedemede Latin gbanwere. E mepụtara Oziọma Jọn nke e bipụtara na 1965 n'asụsụ Roman na Arabic.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

Otu orthography romanized (nke a maara dị ka Standard Kanuri Orthography na Naịjirịa) bụ nke Kanuri Research Unit na Kanuri Language Board mepụtara. Nkọwa ya, dabere na olumba nke Maiduguri, bụ nke Kọmitii Orthography nke Kanuri Language Board, n'okpuru Onye isi oche Abba Sadiq, Waziri nke Borno. Ọ kwadoro ya n'ụzọ iwu site na Kanuri Language Board na Maiduguri, Nigeria, na 1975.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ e ji mee ihe : a b c d e ǝ f g h i j k l m n ny o p r ː s sh t u w y z.

Aha nnọchiaha na Kanuri

	Otu	Ọtụtụ
Onye mbụ	wú, ú	àndí
Onye nke abụọ	ní	nàndí, nàyí
Onye nke atọ	tí	tàndí, tàyí

Hụkwa

• Ndepụta okwu Kanuri (Wiktionary)

Ebe e si nweta ya

• Norbert Cyffer & John P. Hutchison (ed.) Dictionary of the Kanuri Language (Akwụkwọ n'asụsụ na asụsụ Africa, 13). Foris Publications 1990. .
• Norbert Cyffer, We Learn Kanuri (akwụkwọ na 2 cassettes ọdịyo), , Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: Köln 1993.
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
• Norbert Cyffer, Ihe osise nke Kanuri. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: Köln 1998.
• Akwụkwọ maka njirimara ISO 639: kau

Ebe e si nweta ya

• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Schreiben bụ Prọfesọ. Lepsius uber die Beziehung der Kanori- und Teda-Sprachen. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha nke asụsụ Kanuri. na Advances in Kanuri Scholarship, ed. N. Cyffer na T. Geider. peeji nke 67 Cologne: Rudiger Koppe
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Gruppa Seda-kanuri (centraľnosaxarskaja) na ee genetičeskie vzaimootnošenija (ėtimologičeskij i fonologičesquij konki). Moscow: PhD. Nkwupụta (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet).
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ Kanuri. Ntụziaka Grammar. Madison: Mahadum nke Wisconsin.
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Grammar nke Asụsụ Bornu ma ọ bụ Kanuri. London: Church Missionary Society.
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Okwu ndị Kanuri nke ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asaa. Akwụkwọ edemede African Studies, 12(46): 277X290.
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha nke Asụsụ Kanuri. Asụsụ na Vocabulary. London: Oxford University Press.

Njikọ mpụga

• Ndepụta Vocabulary nke Kanuri (site na World Loanword Database)
• PanAfrican L10n peeji na Kanuri
• Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Kanuri
• Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Manga Kanuri