Kanzashi
Kanzashi (簪) bụ ihe ịchọ mma ntutu isi nke a na-eji na edozi isi nke ndị Japan. Okwu kanzashi na-ezo aka n'ụdị ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere ogologo ntutu isi siri ike, barrettes, ifuru akwa na njikọ ntutu isi.
N'ụwa ndị na-asụ Bekee, a na-ejikarị okwu kanzashi na-ezo aka n'ihe ịchọ mma ntutu isi nke e ji akwa akwa apịaji emepụta okooko osisi (tsumami kanzashi), ma ọ bụ usoro mpịachi eji eme ifuru.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-eji Kanzashi mee ihe na mbụ na Japan n'oge oge Jōmon. N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere iyi otu mkpara ma ọ bụ mkpanaka dị mkpa ka ọ na-enwe ike ịchụpụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ, ebe ndị mmadụ na-eyi ha na ntutu isi maka ihe nchebe. Oge Jōmon hụkwara iwebata ntutu isi.
N'oge Nara, e webatara akụkụ dịgasị iche iche nke ọdịbendị China na ihe dị iche iche na Japan site na azụmahịa na ndị nnọchi anya. Ihe ndị e si China weghachite gụnyere ntutu isi ndị China (zan, ː; e ji otu mkpụrụedemede ndị China dị ka kanzashi dee), n'etiti ihe ịchọ mma ntutu ndị ọzọ dị ka combs ndị China.[1]
N'oge Heian, ụdị ntutu isi gbanwere site na iyi ruo na iyi ogologo, ma kee ya azụ n'ụzọ dị ala. N'oge a, a malitere iji okwu kanzashi mee ihe dị ka okwu n'ozuzu maka ihe ịchọ mma ntutu ọ bụla, gụnyere combs na hairpins.
N'oge Azuchi-Momoyama, ụdị ntutu gbanwere site na taregami (垂 Hair, "ntutu na-anọdụ ala") style, gaa na ụdị dịgasị iche iche na-eyi - ndị bu ụzọ nke ụdị nihongami nke oge a, nke na-ejikarị ihe ịchọ mma eme ihe.
Kanzashi came into wider use during the Edo period, when hairstyles became larger and more complicated, using a larger number of ornaments. Artisans began to produce more finely crafted products, including some hair ornaments that could be used as defensive weapons. During the latter part of the Edo period, the craftsmanship of kanzashi is considered to have reached a high point, with a number of styles and designs created, many of which persist to the modern day.
Oge ugbua[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'oge a, a naghị eyi ụdị ntutu isi ọdịnala ndị Japan, ọ bụ naanị ndị geisha, maiko, ndị na-agba mgba sumo, ndị na'alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ, ndị tayū na ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke oge a, na geisha, ndị na -alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ.
N'ihi nke a, mmadụ ole na ole na-eyi kanzashi na ụdị ntutu isi ọdịnala. Otú ọ dị, kanzashi nwere ike ịbụ, ma ka na-eyi, na ntutu isi kwa ụbọchị dị ka ihe eji achọ ntutu isi dị mfe; enwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ụdị nke iyi kanzashi, yana ụdị nke oge a na-eyi dị ka ihe ntutu isi a na-ahụkarị na nke a ma ama. N'afọ 1982, a họpụtara tsumami kanzashi dị ka ọrụ aka ọdịnala ndị Japan na mpaghara Tokyo.
Ọrụ aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị ọkachamara kanzashi na-enwekarị ọzụzụ ọdịnala afọ ise ruo afọ iri iji mụta ọrụ ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ na combs eji mepụta ụdị ntutu nihongami, ọ bụ naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọrụ aka kanzashi a zụrụ azụ ka a hapụrụ na-azụ ahịa n'ime Japan; site na 2002 ruo 2010, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na mba ahụ belatara site na 15 ruo ise.[2][3]
Otú ọ dị, usoro tsumami kanzashi nke akwa akwa kanzashi a fụchiri afụchi aghọwo ọrụ aka a ma ama n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ, yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ihe na nkuzi dị na isiokwu ahụ, site na isi mmalite dị ka Tsumami Kanzashi Museum na Shinjuku. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ agafeela usoro mmụta ọdịnala iji guzobe onwe ha dị ka ndị omenkà onwe ha nke tsumami kanzashi na Japan.[4]
Ụdị ndi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kanzashi are fabricated from a wide range of materials, such as lacquered wood, gold and silver plated metal, tortoiseshell, silk, and recently, plastic. Early plastic kanzashi made out of materials such as bakelite are considered to be highly valued as collectables.
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị kanzashi dị mkpa, na-eyi nke ọ bụla na omenala na-agbaso usoro oge; Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, ọ bụ naanị ndị geisha, ndị na-amụ ha, tayū, ndị na'egwuregwu oiran na ejiji maka egwuregwu kabuki na-ahụ maka iji kanzashi oge. Ojiji nke kanzashi iji gosipụta afọ na ọnọdụ nke ọma bụ omenala nke naanị geisha na maiko.
Maka maiko, ogo, ọdịdị, ụdị dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kanzashi nwere ike igosi ogo na ọkwa mmụta, nke a na-eji na ọtụtụ ụdị ntutu isi dị iche iche n'oge mmụta. Ọ bụ ezie na geisha na-eyi kanzashi oge, nke a na-ejikarị mgbanwe na agba nke tama kanzashi.
Ụdị ejiji ndị bụ isi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'agbanyeghị oge na (n'ihe atụ nke bridalwear) mgbanwe oge ụfọdụ, ọtụtụ kanzashi ndị a na-adịghị ele anya dị ka tsumami kanzashi na-adaba n'otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọdịdị na ọdịdị.
| Aha ya | Foto | Nkọwa | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bira-bira kanzashi (びらびら簪, "fluttering" or "dangling kanzashi") |  |
Kanzashi nwere akụkụ abụọ nwere efere gbara gburugburu n'isi ya. A na-ejikọta eriri ígwè na nsọtụ ya site na obere mgbaaka ndị na-agagharị n'onwe ha site na isi ntutu isi. | Ụfọdụ bira-bira nwere mgbịrịgba ma ọ bụ ogologo agbụ nke okooko osisi silk ndị ọzọ a maara dị ka shidare, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere mon (crest) stamped na njedebe dị larịị. |
| Ōgi bira kanzashi (扇びら簪, "fluttering fan kanzashi", also known as "princess style") | .JPG) |
bira-bira dị ka fan, nke e ji akara nke onye na-eyi ya mee. | Ōgi bira are typically worn by maiko. |
| Kogai (笄, "sword") |  |
Kanzashi nwere akụkụ abụọ dị ka osisi na-egosi ihe osise na njedebe ọ bụla, nke na-adịkarị obosara karịa etiti. Kogai yiri mma agha a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi, otu nsọtụ nwere ike iwepụ iji tinye ya na ntutu isi. | Kogai are commonly made of tortoiseshell, lacquered wood, ceramics or metal, and are often sold as a set with an accompanying kushi comb. |
| Kushi (櫛) |  |
Kanzashi dị ka Comb, nke na-adịkarị gburugburu ma ọ bụ rectangular, ma jiri ihe yiri kogai kanzashi mee ya. | Kushi may be inlaid with mother of pearl or gilded, with most of the design placed on the wide "handle" portion, though sometimes extending down into the teeth of the comb itself. Kushi are usually placed at the front of the bun in traditional Japanese hairstyles. They commonly come in matching sets with kogai. |
| Hanagushi (花櫛, "flower comb") |  |
Kushi decorated with folded silk flowers (tsumami kanzashi). | Hanagushi are popular as an informal kanzashi variety. |
| Tama kanzashi (玉簪, "ball kanzashi") |  |
Ụdị ntutu isi kanzashi nwere otu akụkụ nke e ji otu bead na-acha anụnụ anụnụ chọọ mma na njedebe. | Tama kanzashi are commonly made of semi-precious stones such as jade or coral, or may be made of shibori-dyed fabric. Traditionally, red tama kanzashi were worn in the winter months, and green tama kanzashi were worn in summer. |
| Hirauchi kanzashi (平打簪) |  |
Kanzashi nwere akụkụ abụọ nwere njedebe dị gburugburu, nke dị larịị, nke a na-eyi dị ka ntutu isi n'azụ ntutu isi ọdịnala. | A na-ejikarị osisi, resin ma ọ bụ ígwè eme hirauchi, a na-ejikọkarị lacquer, ọla edo, ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa, ma ọ bụ - n'ihe banyere igwe hirauchi - nwere ụdị ihe a tụrụ atụ. |
| Kanoko (鹿の子, "fawn spots") |  |
Akara akwa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-etinye ya, nke e ji ákwà kanoko shibori na-enweghị nrụgide mee. A na-eke Kanoko gburugburu akụkụ nke achịcha n'azụ ntutu isi ọdịnala. | Kanoko are often pink or red. Non-shibori varieties using chirimen crepe are also seen. |
Ụdị ejiji ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nke kanzashi dịkwa, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eyi ha naanị maka ụdị ntutu isi a na-adịghị ahụkebe, dịka maiko na mpaghara geisha ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki ụfọdụ.
| Aha ya | Foto | Nkọwa | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonten (梵天) |  |
Nnukwu ntutu ntutu isi, nke ọlaọcha, nke na-egosipụtakarị okooko osisi buru ibu n'etiti, nke a na-eyi n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke onye na-eme ihe (bun) na ụdị ntutu ụfọdụ. | Bonten kanzashi are typically only worn with the katsuyama (勝山) and fukiwa (吹輪) hairstyles. |
| Miokuri (見送り) |  |
Ihe ịchọ mma ntutu dị ka eriri a na-ahụ n'azụ ụfọdụ ntutu isi, na-anọdụ ala site na achịcha etiti. | Ma maiko, tayū na oiran re-enactors na-eyi miokuri, na miokuri nke ndị na-agba akwụna na-adị ogologo ma na-agbaji na njedebe. Miokuri na-adịkarị uhie ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nwere ike ịnwe atụmatụ. |
| Tachibana kanzashi (橘簪) | |
Obere, ụdị kanzashi nke e bu n'uche iji gosipụta mkpụrụ osisi oroma tachibana. Akwụkwọ nke tachibana kanzashi na-abụkarị ọlaọcha, oroma n'onwe ha bụ jade na coral. Maka maiko, ọnọdụ nke tachibana kanzashi na-egosi ogo. | |
| Chirimen tegara (金紗手柄), also known as chirimen tegarami or simply tegara |  |
Akpụkpọ anụ nwere akụkụ atọ, nke a na-etinye n'azụ ụdị ntutu isi ụfọdụ. | Maka maiko, ụcha ákwà ahụ na-egosi ogo. |
| Kanoko dome (鹿の子留め) | |
Ogwe ntutu isi dị mkpụmkpụ, nke a chọrọ mma nke ukwuu na nnukwu ihe ịchọ mma dị gburugburu na njedebe. | A na-ejikarị ọlaedo, ọlaọcha, tortoiseshell, jade, coral na nkume ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ ahịa chọọ ya mma, a na-eyi kanoko dome n'azụ ụfọdụ ntutu isi na-egosi achịcha, na kanoko dome dị n'etiti achịcha ahụ. |
| Maezashi (まえざし) – also known as bira dome |  |
Obere ntutu isi nwere otu obere ihe ma ọ bụ ihe ịchọ mma (dị ka fan ma ọ bụ okooko osisi) nke a na-eyi n'elu ōgi bira, ọzọ ọ bụ naanị maiko. | Maezashi are usually chosen by the wearer out of personal taste. |
Tsumami kanzashi – literally meaning "pinched kanzashi" – are traditional kanzashi made of squares of dyed or printed silk, folded into a number of shapes to represent flowers, plants and animals.
A na-agbakọta square ọ bụla ọtụtụ ugboro site n'enyemaka nke tweezers ma na-agbanye ya na ntọala site na iji eriri osikapa. Akụkụ tsumami kanzashi a rụchara arụcha nwere ike ịnwe ihe ọ bụla site na ise ruo 75 square nke silk ma ọ bụ karịa. Ebumnuche nke Tsumami kanzashi bụ ịnọchite anya osisi ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ha na-ese onyinyo; a maara tsumami kanza na-ese okooko osisi dị ka hana kanzashi (nke pụtara "flow kanzashi").
Hana kanzashi are usually made from a cluster of tsumami kanzashi flowers, and may include bira-bira-style strips of metal or long streamers of petals dangling from the main kanzashi piece. Maiko are well-known for wearing hana kanzashi that are typically larger than average.
N'ozuzu, a na-eyi hana kanzashi abụọ abụọ, otu n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke isi, mgbe mgbe na kushi na-agbakwunye. A na-agbakọta okooko osisi ndị ahụ na mgbidi ígwè ma ọ bụ katọn nke a na-agbanye na waya ma na-agwakọta ọnụ iji mee ụyọkọ na nhazi ndị ọzọ. A na-emepụta nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke stamens site na iji mizuhiki, eriri siri ike, nke dị nro nke e ji akwụkwọ washi mee, nke a na-ejikarị agba ma jiri ya mee ihe ịchọ mma.
Geisha, na karịsịa maiko, na-eyi hana kanzashi dị iche iche maka ọnwa ọ bụla n'afọ.
Ihe osise tsumami kanzashi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Hana kanzashi are highly seasonal, though typically the only people in Japan who follow the seasons closely enough to register seasonal changes are geisha and their apprentices. Since maiko wear more elaborate kanzashi than their senior geisha, seasonal changes are even more important for them.
- January – The design of January Àtụ:Transliteration usually has an auspicious New Years' theme. Àtụ:Transliteration is a popular choice – a combination of pine (Àtụ:Transliteration), bamboo (Àtụ:Transliteration) and plum blossoms (Àtụ:Transliteration) in green, red and white. Other popular motifs are sparrows (Àtụ:Transliteration), spinning tops and battledore paddles (Àtụ:Transliteration).
- February – Usually trailing deep pink or red plum blossoms, said to symbolise young love and the approach of spring. Another less common theme is the pinwheel and the flowerball (Àtụ:Transliteration) that is worn for Setsubun.
- March – Trailing yellow and white rapeseed flowers (Àtụ:Transliteration) and butterflies, as well as peach blossoms (Àtụ:Transliteration), narcissus (Àtụ:Transliteration), camellia (Àtụ:Transliteration) and peonies (Àtụ:Transliteration). A rare Àtụ:Transliteration featuring dolls that are used to celebrate the Àtụ:Transliteration (Girl's Day Festival) can also be seen during this month.
- April – Trailing soft pink cherry blossoma (Àtụ:Transliteration) mixed with butterflies and Àtụ:Transliteration lanterns, signalling the approach of summer. Cherry blossom viewing at this time of year is a major cultural event in Japan. Àtụ:Transliteration consisting of a single silver (or sometimes gold) butterfly (Àtụ:Transliteration) made of Àtụ:Transliteration cord are common.
- May – Trailing purple wisteria (Àtụ:Transliteration) and flag irises (Àtụ:Transliteration), usually in blue or pink. Irises denote the height of spring while wisteria is a flower often associated with the Imperial Court (wisteria viewing parties have been celebrated by Japanese nobles since the Heian period).
- June – Trailing green willow (Àtụ:Transliteration) leaves with carnations/pinks (Àtụ:Transliteration), or less commonly hydrangea (Àtụ:Transliteration) flowers. This month is the rainy season in Japan, and therefore willow (a water-loving tree) and blue hydrangeas are appropriate.
- July – Àtụ:Transliteration featuring a display of fans (usually round Àtụ:Transliteration fans, but occasionally folding Àtụ:Transliteration fans) are featured. The fans refer to the Gion Festival which takes place at this time. The motifs featured on a Àtụ:Transliteration's fan Àtụ:Transliteration vary each year, in line with the festival. There are common themes such as dragonflies and lines denoting swirling water. Other Àtụ:Transliteration worn during July are fireworks Àtụ:Transliteration and dewdrops on grass (Àtụ:Transliteration).
- August – Large morning glory (Àtụ:Transliteration) or Àtụ:Transliteration grass. The Àtụ:Transliteration grass appears as a starburst of spines made of silvered paper. Senior Àtụ:Transliteration wear white-backed silver petals and junior Àtụ:Transliteration wear pink-backed silver petals.
- September – Japanese bellflower (Àtụ:Transliteration). The purple tones are traditionally associated with autumn. Often these will be mixed with bush clover.
- October – Chrysanthemum (Àtụ:Transliteration). These are well loved in Japan and are a symbol of the Imperial Family. Senior Àtụ:Transliteration will wear one large flower while junior Àtụ:Transliteration will wear a cluster of small flowers. Typical colours include pink, white, red, yellow, and purple.
- November – Trailing autumnal leaves that are usually composed of the very popular Japanese maple. Maple viewing is the autumnal equivalent of cherry blossom viewing in Japan. Ginkgo and liquidambar leaves are also seen.
- December – The Japanese make Àtụ:Transliteration at this time of year, and often decorate trees with them to represent white flowers. It is thought to be good luck to wear Àtụ:Transliteration featuring Àtụ:Transliteration, or rice-cake flowers. December Àtụ:Transliteration also feature two Àtụ:Transliteration, name plates used by kabuki actors, which are initially blank. Traditionally, Àtụ:Transliteration visit the Minamiza Theatre and ask two of their favourite kabuki actors to autograph them with their kabuki nom de plume. Àtụ:Transliteration for senior Àtụ:Transliteration feature green bamboo leaves while junior Àtụ:Transliteration have a colourful assortment of lucky charms.
- New Year – At this time of year all Àtụ:Transliteration and geisha wear un-husked ears of rice in their hairstyles (Àtụ:Transliteration wear it on the right while geisha wear it on the left). These Àtụ:Transliteration also feature eyeless white doves. The Àtụ:Transliteration and geisha fill in one eye and ask somebody they like to draw the other for good luck in the coming year.
Hụkwa zie[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Akpụkpọ isi ndị China
- Binyeo
- Comb
- Ogwe ntutu isi
- Ntutu isi
- Shubi – Chinese combs
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Sherrow (2006). Encyclopedia of hair : a cultural history. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 221–222. ISBN 0-313-33145-6. OCLC 61169697.
- ↑ Combs. traditionalkyoto.com. Traditional Kyoto. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved on 16 July 2020.
- ↑ Nakata Hiroko. "MUSEUM MUSINGS: Craftsmen keep alive hair ornaments that were all the rage in Edo Period", The Japan Times, 27 April 2002, retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ↑ "Ryoko"; English translation by Kevin Mcgue. "Yonuko's Beautiful Hair Pins: Make New From Old". PingMag, 12 June 2008, retrieved 15 February 2012.
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ụlọ ọrụ kanzashi nke Kuniko Kanawa, onye ọrụ aka Edo Tsumami Kanzashi
- Ụdị ntutu isi nke Kyoto Maiko, site na Immortal Geisha
- Kanzashi-Core Long guzo kanzashi site nke onye na-ese ihe Vivien Hoffpauir.
- Akụkọ Kanzashi (n'asụsụ Japanese)