Kare language (Adamawa)
| Kare nzáà kã́rĩ́[1] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Central African Republic, Cameroon | |
| Total speakers: | Àtụ:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Mbum–Day Mbum Central Mbum Karang Kare | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | kbn | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
| Kare | |
|---|---|
| nzáà kã́rĩ́[2] | |
| Native to | Central African Republic, Cameroon |
Native speakers
|
(97,000 cited 1996–2000)[3] 62,000 Kare, 35,000 Tale in CAR (1996) |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kbn
|
| Glottolog | kare1338
|
Kare (Kãrɛ̃, Kareng; autonym nzáà kã́rĩ́, where nzáà = "mouth") bụ asụsụ ndịda Mbum nke Central African Republic, nke ndị Kare na-asụ n'ugwu ugwu Ouham-Pendé prefecture gburugburu Bocaranga . Ihe dị ka mmadụ 97,000 nọ ná mba ahụ na-asụ ya, na puku ndị ọzọ na-asụkwa ya na Cameroon . A na-eche na ọnụnọ asụsụ ahụ dị na nsọtụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ezinụlọ Mbum na-egosipụta mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19 site na Plateau Adamawa, na-agbanarị mwakpo ndị Fulani. [4]
Ethnologue 17 na-akọwa na Kare nwere nghọta na Mbum kwesịrị ekwesị. Agbanyeghị, asụsụ ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na nke ọ bụla anaghị akọpụta na ha nwere nghọta. Ethnologue depụtara Tale (Tali) dị ka olumba, mana Blench (2004) na-ahapụ ya enweghị nkewa n'ime asụsụ Mbum. Ethnologue depụtakwara Kali dị ka otu okwu; Blench depụtara asụsụ Kali na ngalaba dị iche iche nke asụsụ Mbum.
fonology[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kare nwere consonantal fonim ndia:
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-<br id="mwNQ"><br>velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | kp | ɡb | ||||||
| Prenasalized stop | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑg | ᵑɡb | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | h | |||||||||
| Prenasalized fricative | ⁿz | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||||||
| Flap | ⱱ | r | ||||||||||||
O nwere fonim udaume ndia:
| Oral vowels | Nasal vowels | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | i | u | ĩ | ũ |
| Close-mid | e | o | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ |
| Open | a | ã | ||
Enwere ọdịiche nke Uda elu di n'etiti ụda dị elu na nke dị ala (dịka imaatu sá "kwuru" vs. sà "achị ọchị"), na ụda ụda dị n'etiti nke a na-ejighị n'aka. Naanị okwu monosyllabic nwere ike inwe ụda na-arị elu ma ọ bụ na-ada.[5]
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Usoro okwu bụ isi nke Kare bụ isiokwu-okwu-ihe, imaatu kɛ́ húrù (3SG na-eri manioc) "ọ riri manioc".[6]
A na-edozi negation site na iji okwu ikpeazụ nke ahịrịokwu yá "ọ bụghị"; mgbe a na-agbagha ya, a na-eji tí dochie anya copula yè "bụ (n'ebe) " na copula ɓá "bụ (nke ya na) ".[7]
A na-emepụta aha okwu site n'ibuli ụda nke ikpeazụ ma tinye nsonaazụ -Cà, ebe C = l ma ọ bụ r mgbe ụdaume ọnụ gasịrị, n mgbe ụdaume imi gasịrị, burukwa ihe efu mgbe ụdaume gasịrị: fà "deny" > fárà "denial", sɛ̀l "untie" > sɛ́là "untie".[8]
Aha nnọchiaha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kare enweghị okike ụtọ asụsụ. Ndị nnọchiaha ya bụ ndị a:[9]
| N'efu | Isiokwu | Ihe | |
|---|---|---|---|
| M | Mmanụ ala | Akụkọ ifo | m |
| ị na-eme ihe. | Ọ na-eme ihe nkiri | Ọkụ ọkụ | Ọkụ ọkụ |
| ya/ya/ya | M̀ɛ́́ / kɛ́́́́ | Akpụkpọ ahụ | Nri / Nri |
| anyị | maá | ná | ná |
| ị pl. | Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ike | yì | Ọ bụ na ọ bụ na ọ na-eme |
| ha | Kyesịa | Nke a | Kyesịa |
Enwere ike ịgbakwunye hánà "onye ọ bụla ọzọ, onye ọzọ".
Akụkụ aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
E nwere klas mechiri emechi nke udi okwu na anaghi agbanwe agbanwe (dịka fé "ọhụrụ", sɛ́nń "ọbara"), nke na-ebute aha ahụ ụzọ ma ọ pụkwara ịgbaso ya iji gosipụta àgwà na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụ enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka aha n'onwe ha.[10] Ndị na-ekpebi (hánà "onye ọzọ", kɛ́ "nke a", ố́́í "nke a, snoẁɔ́ "nke ahụ", nɛ̄ "nke ahụ") na-eso aha , ma na-esote akara dị n'ọtụtụ rì: nzù kɛ́ rí pí (onye DEF PL kwa) "ndị mmadụ".[11] Onuogugu na ọnụọgụ na-abịa na njedebe, na-agbaso akara (nhọrọ) ọtụtụ: nzù ndíɓí "ndị ise" (onye ise), nzù rì sérè "ndị abụọ" (onye PL abụọ).[12] A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kpọmkwem site na juxtaposition, eg sã̀ũ̀ lìà (akụkọ mgbọrọgwụ) "ihe ndabere nke akụkọ ahụ"; mkpụrụ ndụ ihe Nketa nyocha na-eji ihe ʔà, eg vùn ʔà bá (ụlọ GEN nna) "ụlọ nna".[13][14] A na-emepụta ahịrịokwu ndị metụtara ya na ngosipụta na-esote (ọ bụghị mgbe niile ozugbo) site na akara nke onye ikwu ɗá, eg nzù ố́í ɗá rí mí léóɗá (onye a REL na-ezu m ụnyaahụ) "onye zuru m ụnyahụ".
Okwu mbido[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Adpositions niile nke di na Kare na-ebute mgbakwunye ha. E nwere anọ isi (dị ọcha) prepositions: kà "with (instrumental)", té "with (comitative)", ʔá "in", báŋ "like", eg kɛ́ ɡí té bá nɛ̄ (3SG na-abịa na nna 3SG.[15]POSS) "ya na nna ya bịara". N'akụkụ ndị a, e nwere ọtụtụ postpositions nke abụọ nke doro anya sitere na aha (nke na-abụkarị akụkụ ahụ), eg tûl "isi" > túl "n'elu".[16]
Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- François Lim, Nkọwa asụsụ nke Kare (phonologie-syntaxe), Mahadum Sorbonne Nouvelle. Paris, 1997, 368 peeji. (thesis).
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndepụta asụsụ Adamawa (ms)