Kurmanji

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Kurmanji
کورمانجی, Kurmancî 
: Kurmanji Kurdish.svg
Spoken in: Autochthonous to Kurdistan, Kurdish diaspora[1]
Total speakers: Àtụ:Sigfig million
Language family: Ahendurufi
 Indo-Iranian
  Iranian
   Western
    Northwestern
     Kurdish
      KurmanjiÀtụ:Infobox Language/scriptÀtụ:Infobox Language/official
Language codes
ISO 639-1: ku
ISO 639-2: —
ISO 639-3: kmr 
Kurdish languages map.svg
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Kurmanji (Àtụ:Lang-ku),[4][5][6] nakwa akpọrọ Northern Kurdish,[7] bụ mpaghara ugwu nke asụsụ Kurdish, A na-asụkarị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Turkey, northwest na northheast Iran, north Iraq, North Syria na Caucasus na Khorasan mpaghara.[8] Ọ bụ ụdị Kurdish a na-asụkarị.

odide mbụ [9] Kurmanji Kurdish malitere n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke iri na isii na ọtụtụ ndị na-ede uri Kurdish a ma ama dị ka Ehmedê Xanî (1650-1707) dere n'asụsụ a. Kurm[10] Kurdish bụkwa asụsụ a na-asụkarị na nke ememe nke Ndị Yazid. [11] na-ede ma na-ekwu okwu n'akwụkwọ nsọ ha Mishefa Reş na ekpere niile na Kurmanji.

Ethnologue [12]-akọ na ojiji nke Kurmanji na-ebelata na Turkey ọbụna mgbe ndị mbịarambịa na Turkey na-eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe dị ka asụsụ nke nkwurịta okwu sara mbara (LWC), nakwa na asụsụ ahụ na-eyi egwu n'ihi na ọ na-efunahụ ndị na-ekwu ya.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[13] ndị metụtara ụdaolu [14] Kurmanji gụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụda olu na-enweghị ụda na ọnụnọ nke ụdaolu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Kurmanji Kurdish na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti nkwụsị na-enweghị olu na-enweghị ụda, nke enwere ike ịchọ n'ọnọdụ niile. [13] mere /t͡ʃʰ/ International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/p/ dị iche na /pʰ/, /t/ na /tʰ/, /k/ na /kʰ/, na /t͡ʃ/ na /t.

Asụsụ na-aga n'ihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kurmanji na-emepụta asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke nwere nnukwu mgbanwe. N'ụzọ dị mfe, enwere ike ịmata mpaghara asụsụ isii:

  • Northwestern Kurmanji, nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Kahramanmaraş (na Kurmanji: Meraş), Malatya (Meletî) na Sivas (Sewaz) nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Turkish Kurdistan.
  • Ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Kurmanji, nke a na-asụ na Adıyaman (Semsûr), Gaziantep (Entab) na Şanlıurfa (Riha) mpaghara nke Turkish, na Aleppo Governorate na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Syria Kurdistan.
  • Northern Kurmanji ma ọ bụ Serhed Kurdish, nke a na-asụkarị na mpaghara Agri (Agirî), Erzurum (Erzerom) na Muş (Mûş) nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Turkish Kurdistan, yana mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu.
  • Southern Kurmanji, nke a na-asụ na Al-Hasakah Governorate n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Syria Kurdistan, Sinjar District (Şingal) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Iraq Kurdistan, na ọtụtụ akụkụ dị nso na ndịda Turkish Kurdistan, dị na Mardin (Mêrdîn) na Batman (Êlih).
  • Ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Kurmanji ma ọ bụ Bad Christopher, nke a na-asụ na Hakkâri Province (Parêzgeha Colêmêrgê) na ndịda ọwụwarị nke Turkish Kurdistan, na Dohuk Governorate (Parêz Age Dihokê) na akụkụ nke Erbil Governorate. [15]
  • A na-asụ Anatolian Kurmanji na Central Anatolia (Anatolya Navîn), karịsịa na Konya, Ankara, na Aksaray, site n'aka ndị Kurds AnatolianNdị Kurds nke Anatolia

Wiki na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Yazidi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'etiti ụfọdụ Ndị Yazid, a na-eji aha aha Ezd Wiki maka Kurmanji iji mee ka ha dị iche na ndị Kurd. [16] bụ ezie na Ezdolika abụghị ihe dị iche na Kurmanji, [10] [17] [18] [19] ụfọdụ na-anwa igosi na Ezdoliya bụ asụsụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, gụnyere nkwupụta na ọ bụ Asụsụ Semitic. [20] katọrọ nke a dịka ọ bụghị ihe akaebe sayensị na enweghị nkwekọrịta sayensị.

[21] Jenụwarị 25, 2002, Armenia kwadoro European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ma tinye Kurdish n'okpuru nchebe steeti. Otú [22] dị, n'ihi obodo Yazidi kewara ekewa na Armenia na mgbe nkatọ siri ike sitere n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke obodo ahụ, ndị ọchịchị họọrọ ịkwado akwụkwọ ikike ahụ site n'ịkpọ ma "Kurdish" na "Yezidi" dị ka asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche. Nke [23] mere ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta jiri okwu ahụ bụ Êzd Wiki mee ihe mgbe ha na-enyocha ajụjụ banyere asụsụ ndị ka nta na Armenia, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Kurdish na Armenia bụ ndị Yazidis. [24]'ihi njem a, mahadum ndị Armenia na-enye ọmụmụ asụsụ na Kurmanji na Êzd Wiki dị ka asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche.

Kurmanji n'etiti ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[25]'oge ngwụcha Oge Ottoman, Ndị Asiria nọ na Tur Abdin gbanwere site n'ịsụ asụsụ ọdịnala ha Turoyo gaa na Kurmanji ma ọ bụ Arabic. [26][27]Ndị Armenia na-asụ Kurd dịkwa ma e nwere tupu Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Armenia gburugburu obodo nta ndị Armenia 110 na-asụrụ Kurmanji na Beşiri na Silvan.

Ndị Bulgarian, [28] Chechen na Circassian [29] ndị mbịarambịa na Turkish Kurdistan na-asụkwa Kurmanji.

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

  • Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Kurdish
  • Asụsụ Kurdish
  • Sorani
  • Ndị Kurdish nke Ndịda
  • Kurmancî, magazin asụsụ Kurdish

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ethnologue - Kurmanji Kurdish.
  2. ↑ Social Contract - Sa-Nes. Self-Administration of North & East Syria Representation in Benelux.
  3. ↑ "Rojava could be a model for all Syria", Salih Muslim, 29 July 2014.
  4. ↑ Captain R. E. Jardine (1922). Bahdinan Kurmanji - A grammar of the Kurmanji of the Kurds of Mosul division and surrounding districts of Kurdistan. Baghdad: Government Press. 
  5. ↑ Ayfer Gokalp (August 2015). Language and Literacy Practices of Kurdish Children Across Their Home and School Spaces in Turkey. Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
  6. ↑ Georg Krotkoff (1997). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East. 
  7. ↑ Ethnologue - Kurdish. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
  8. ↑ Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl (2005). The Kurds : a Contemporary Overview. Routledge. ISBN 1134907656. 
  9. ↑ Sebastian Maisel (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society, 164–165. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Yazidis i. General. Retrieved on 19 March 2019.
  11. ↑ Arakelova (2001). "Healing Practices among the Yezidi Sheikhs of Armenia". Asian Folklore Studies 60 (2): 319–328. DOI:10.2307/1179060. 
  12. ↑ Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji). Ethnologue. Retrieved on November 26, 2023.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 (2002) "Kurdish linguistics: a brief overview". Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 55 (1). Retrieved on 27 April 2013. 
  14. ↑ Khan (1970). Grammaire Kurde (Dialecte kurmandji). Paris: La librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient Adrien Maisonneuve. Retrieved on 28 October 2017. 
  15. ↑ The Kurdish language. previous.cabinet.gov.krd. Retrieved on 13 August 2019.
  16. ↑ Tork Dalalyan (2011). "Construction of Kurdish and Yezidi Identities among the Kurmanji-speaking Population of the Republic of Armenia, in: Changing Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia – 2011" (in en). Changing Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Collection of Selected Works, Edited by V. Voronkov, S. Khutsishvili, J. Horan), Heinrich Böll Stiftung South Caucasus. Retrieved on 23 March 2019. 
  17. ↑ The Human Rights Situation of the Yezidi Minority in the Transcaucasus. Refworld (May 2008). Retrieved on 23 March 2019.
  18. ↑ Sebastian Maisel (2017). Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority. Lanham: Lexington Books. 
  19. ↑ Coene (2009-10-16). The Caucasus - An Introduction (in en). Routledge. ISBN 9781135203023. 
  20. ↑ Majid Hassan Ali (15 February 2019). "The identity controversy of religious minorities in Iraq: the crystallization of the Yazidi identity after 2003". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 47 (5). DOI:10.1080/13530194.2019.1577129. ISSN 1353-0194. 
  21. ↑ Witzlack-Makarevich (2017-08-08). Handbuch des Russischen in Deutschland: Migration – Mehrsprachigkeit – Spracherwerb (in de). Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 9783732902279. 
  22. ↑ Kurds (Kurdmanzh). Minority Rights Group International (19 June 2015). Retrieved on 22 March 2019.
  23. ↑ Schulze. Methodologische Überlegungen zur soziokulturellen Dokumentation von Minderheiten in Armenien. Iran and the Caucasus Vol. 18, 2, pp. 169-193 (de).
  24. ↑ Serinci (28 May 2014). The Yezidis of Armenia Face Identity Crisis over Kurdish Ethnicity. Rudaw.
  25. ↑ Gaunt (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I (in en). Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0. 
  26. ↑ Kévorkian (2011). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. Bloomsbury Publishing, 355. ISBN 9780857730206. 
  27. ↑ Galip (2020). New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. Springer, 161. ISBN 9783030594008. 
  28. ↑ "Türkçe için getirilen Bulgarlar Kürtçe konuşuyor", Rûdaw, 17 May 2017. Retrieved on 21 May 2019.
  29. ↑ (2000) Aşiretler raporu, 1st, İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. ISBN 9753432208. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Mustafa, Hanar Hoshyar, na Rebwar M. Nabi. "Kurdish Kurmanji Lemmatization and Spell-checker with Spell-correction". UHD Journal of Science and Technology 7.1 (2023): 43-52.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

Àtụ:Navboxes

Armenia na-asụ Kurd dịkwa ma e nwere tupu Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Armenia gburugburu obodo nta ndị Armenia 110 na-asụrụ Kurmanji na

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