Kwakum language

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A na-ekewa Kwakum (ISO [kwu]) dị ka nke ndị Bantu subgroup A90 (Kaka) nke mpaghara, bantu "A" asusu ma kpọọ ya kpomkwem A91 site na Guthrie.[1] Dika otu n'ime mmelite kachasị ọhụrụ na usoro nhazi okwa Bantu, asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na obere ìgwè a bụ: Pol (A92a), Pɔmɔ (A92b), Kweso (A92C) na Kakɔ (A93).[2] Ndị Kwakum na-akpọ onwe ha (na asụsụ ha) dị ka Kwakum ma ọ bụ Bakoum (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụpe ya ka Bakum). Otú ọ dị, ha na-ekwu na ịkpọpụta "Bakoum" malitere naanị mgbe ndị Europe rutere na Cameroon, n'agbanyeghi na a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe taa.[3] A na-asụkarị Kwakum na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cameroon, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Bertoua.

Olumba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Simons & Fennig depụtara Kwakum dị ka nke nwere olumba atọ: Til, Beten (ma ọ bụ anuncien, ma ọ bụ Petem), na Baki (ma ọ bụ Mbaki).[4] Dịka David Hare si kwuo, e nwere mpaghara abụọ but isi ebe a na-asụ Kwakum: Dimako na Doumé.[3] Mpaghara Dimako nwere obodo nta asatọ gbara obodo Dimako gburugburu. Mpaghara Doumé nwere obodo nta asatọ gbara obodo Doumé gburugburu. Myirita akwukwo ozi dị n'etiti Kwakum a na-asụ na mpaghara abụọ a bụ 92.3%. N'ime obodo ndị a bụ obodo abụọ Baktala na Longtimbi. Ndị bi n'ime obodo ndị a na-ewere onwe ha dị ka Kwakum, mana ha na-akpọkwa onwe ha Til. E nwere ọdịiche okwu nke 91.4% n'etiti Kwakum a na-asụ na mpaghara Dimako na asụsụ a na- asụ n'obodo Til.

Enwere obodo anọ nke ndị na-ewere onwe ha ka Mbeten (ọ bụghị Kwakum). Myirita akwukwo akụkọ dị n'etiti Kwakum nke mpaghara Dimako na obodo Mbeten bụ 81.3%. Ndị Mbaki bi n'ebe dị anya site na Kwakum na nkwekọrịta okwu bụ naanị 47.7%. Ya mere, o yighị ka a ga-ewere Mbaki dị ka olumba nke Kwakum.

ALCAM (2012)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Dị ka ALCAM (2012) si kwuo, ndị Kwakum bi n'ime obodo 8 di na Dimako commune (Haut-Nyong department) na obodo isi ya, gbakwunyere obodo atọ di na Doumé n'ebe ndịda obodo Doumé (ngalaba Haut'Nyong, Eastern Region). Ha dị ihe dị ka 10,000.

Ndị Betán (ma ọ bụ Til), bu ndị bi n'obodo nta atọ dị n'ogbe Dimako (Longtimbi, Kpaktala, na Siafum) si n'ebe ugwu, si n'obodo Mbeten bụ ebe a ka na-asụ Betán - na nso Pol, n'ebe ugwu Bertoua (Pol canton, obodo Bélabo na Diang, ngalaba Lom-et-Djerem, Eastern Region).

N'ikpeazụ, ndị Baki, n'ebe ugwu, bi n'obodo atọ nke Mbaki 1, Mbaki 2 na Mbambo.[5]

Ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kwakum bụ asụsụ ụda olu, Stacey Hare enyochala ya dịka o nwere ụda atọ.[6]

Akwụkwọ Ndị Dị Ndụ N'oge A[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

François Belliard dechara nyocha mbụ nke Kwakum na 2005.[7] Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ a lekwasịrị anya na egwu nke Kwakum, enwere nkọwa dị nkenke banyere fonology na ụtọ asụsụ. E mere ka akwukwo akuko a dị mfe n'ụdị akwụkwọ akpọrọ Parlons Kwakum (Ka anyị kwuo Kwakum) ma bipụta ya na 2007.[8] Ọrụ abụọ nke Belliard dị naanị na French.

David Hare dechara edemede MA nke akpọrọ Tense in Kwakum Narrative Discourse na June 2018.[3] Stacey Hare dere usoro mmuta MA ya na Tone na Kwakum (A91) na itinye n'ọrụ orthography.[6] Elisabeth Njantcho Kouagang dekwara akwụkwọ mmuta doctoral nke akpọrọ A grammar of Kwakum na 2018.[9] Ọrụ atọ a dị naanị n'asụsụ Bekee. Enwere ike ịchọta data niile e ji mee ihe maka edemede David Hare na blọọgụ ya.[10]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Guthrie, Malcolm. 1953. The Bantu languages of western equatorial Africa. London: Oxford University Press.
  2. ↑ Maho, Jouni. 2003. A classification of the Bantu languages: An update of Guthrie’s referential system. In Derek Nurse & Gérard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu languages, 639–651. London: Routledge.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hare (June 2018). Tense in Kwakum Narrative Discourse.
  4. ↑ "Kwakum", Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2018-09-20. (in en)
  5. ↑ (2012) in Binam Bikoi: Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM), Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in fr). Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hare (June 2018). Tone in Kwakum (A91) with an application to orthography.
  7. ↑ Belliard, François. 2005. Instruments, chants et performances musicales chez les Kwakum de l'arrondissement de Doume (est-Cameroun) : Étude ethnolinguistique de la conception musicale d'une population de langue Bantu A91. Paris: Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales PhD dissertation.
  8. ↑ Parlons Kwàkùm - InterCommunications (fr-fr). www.intercommunications.be. Retrieved on 2018-09-20.
  9. ↑ KOUAGANG (2018-07-06). A grammar of Kwakum. www.theses.fr. Retrieved on 2018-09-20.
  10. ↑ Hare Translation Journey: The Kwakum Language. Hare Translation Journey. Retrieved on 2018-09-20.

Àtụ:Languages of CameroonÀtụ:Narrow Bantu languages

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