Martha B. O'Donnell

Martha B. O'Donnell
Martha B. O'Donnell
	Portrait from A Woman of the Century
Born	Martha Cole; February 5, 1837; Virgil, New York, U.S.
Died	March 24, 1925; Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Other names	Martha Barnum; Martha Dickinson;
Alma mater	New York Central College
Occupation	temperance activist; suffragist; newspaper & magazine editor; magazine publisher;
Organization	International Organisation of Good Templars
Spouse(s)	Templeeti:Married; Templeeti:Married;

'Martha B. O'Donnell' (née Cole; mgbe a kuchiri ya, Barnum; mgbe ọ lụsịrị di na nwunye mbụ, Dickinson; mgbe ọ nwụsịrị di na di na nwunye nke abụọ, O'Donnell; 1836-1925) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin yana onye na-ewe iwe na onye na-akwado ntuli aka.[1] Ejikọtara ya na International Organisation of Good Templars (IOGT), na-eje ozi dị ka onye nlekọta mba ụwa nke ọrụ ụmụaka, [2] yana ya na Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Lewis County, alaka New York. Onye ọsụ ụzọ na-eme ntuli aka, O'Donnell maara ma soro Elizabeth Cady Stanton na Susan B. Anthony rụkọọ ọrụ.[3] .

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

A mụrụ Martha Cole na Virgil, Cortland County, New York, Febụwarị 5, 1837. Ndị mụrụ ya bụ John C. Cole (1777–1853) na Elizabeth (Betsy/Betsey) McNish (1803–1842) Cole. A gbanwere aha Martha ka ọ bụrụ Barnum site na nkuchi n'ime ezinụlọ Zalmon P. Barnum, nne Martha nwụrụ mgbe nwatakịrị ahụ dị ihe dị ka afọ anọ.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na New York Central College, McGrawville, New York .

Ọrụ

Na 1856, [1] ọ lụrụ Charles Frederick Dickinson [2] (d. 1871), onye jikọrọ ya na IOGT ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Olean, New York Times. Ezinụlọ ha nwere ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ na otu nwa nwoke. Nwa nwoke ahụ nwụrụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata.

A malitere Martha n'ime ụlọ "Pleasant River" Lodge nke IOGT na Olean, n'afọ 1867. A matara ikike ya ngwa ngwa ma ọ bịara ngwa ngwa n'ihu ndị isi. N'afọ 1868, ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta Golden Rule, magazin a na-ebipụ kwa ọnwa, maka ọdịmma nke iwu ahụ.Na 1869, e zigara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Grand Lodge nke steeti New York, wee họpụta ya na Board of Managers. N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya Grand Vice-Templar, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ụmụaka na steeti New York, wee họpụta ya ọzọ na 1871.[1] Nkwanye ọzọ bịara na 1872, mgbe na nnọkọ Madison nke Right Worthy Grand Lodge, a họpụtara ya osote-Templar.

Mgbe di ya nwụrụ na June 1871, ruo afọ abụọ, ọ dezigharịrị Golden Rule na Olean Times ruo mgbe ahụike na ịrụbiga ọrụ ókè mere ka ọ tụfuo ha.

Na 1873, ọ lụrụ John O'Donnell (d. 1899). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Senator nke New York na dị ka New York State Railroad Commissioner. Ya onwe ya bụkwa onye na-akwado iwe iwe.

Mgbe International Supreme (I.S.) Lodge zutere na London, England, na 1873, a họpụtara O'Donnell dị ka onye nhazi nke Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọrụ ụmụaka ma họpụta ya dị ka onye isi nlekọta nke ndị ntorobịa Templar. N'inwe mmasị miri emi n'ịchịkwa ụmụaka, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịhụ na a nabatara "Nkwado Atọ" (megide mmanya, ụtaba, na okwu mkparị) maka ọha ụmụaka jikọtara ya na IOGT. Mgbe a nabatara emume nwere nkwa ahụ, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi nlekọta nke ngalaba ọrụ ahụ site na nnukwu ụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka iwebata ọrụ ndị ntorobịa na mba ụwa. N'ime afọ mbụ, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịchọta iwebata na nnabata nke emume "Triple Pledge" n'Africa, India, Australia, England, Ireland, Wales na Scotland, nakwa na steeti ọ bụla dị na US. A họpụtara ya ọzọ afọ anọ n'usoro, na-ejide ọnọdụ a ruo 1878, mgbe ọ jụrụ nhọpụta ọzọ.

Kwa afọ, O'Donnell bụ onye nnọchi anya I.S. Lodge, ma nọchite anya IOGT na ndị nnọchi anya ahụ iji chekwaa foto Lucy Hayes, nwunye nke Onye isi ala Rutherford B. Hayes, maka White House.

Mgbe ọ bi na Lowville, New York, ọrụ ya na njide onwe ya mere ka ọ gaa Europe, yana ọtụtụ akụkụ nke US. Ọ ghọrọ nnukwu osote onye isi nke IOGT na onye isi oche nke Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) nke obodo ya.

Ndụ e mesịrị

N'ihi na ahụ ike di ya na-agbada, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, O'Donnell enweghị ike itinye aka n'ọrụ ọma Templar. Ọ nwụkwara ọzọ n'Ọgọstụ 1899, ma emesịa, e wepụrụ ya na Minneapolis, Minnesota mana ọ nọgidere na-abụ otu ya na steeti New York ya. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Order, ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ya n'ime ụlọ ụmụaka, ndị nọ n'okpuru na District Lodges. Ọbụlagodi na ahụike dara ada, ọ gara n'ihu na-aga ma kpalie ezigbo nnọkọ Templar na Minnesota.

O'Donnell bụ onye otu Church of the Redeemer, Minneapolis .

Martha O'Donnell nwụrụ na Minneapolis, na Machị 24, 1925.

Edensibia

Njikọ mpụga

Ọrụ ndị metụtaraNwanyị nke Narị Afọ / Martha B. O'Donnellna Wikisource