Mary Edwards (human computer)
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Kingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| aha enyere | Mary |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Edwards |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1750 |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | Septemba 1815 |
| nwa | Eliza Edwards |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | mathematician, Onye na-enyocha mbara igwe, human computer |
Mary Edwards (c. 1750 – Septemba 1815) bụ kọmpụta mmadụ maka British Nautical Almanac na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole na-akwụ ụgwọ ozugbo site na Board of Longitude, na iji kpata ego n'ọrụ sayensị n'oge ahụ. [1]
Ọ bụ otu n'ime kọmpụta mmadụ iri atọ na ise ndị gbakọrọ ọnọdụ anyanwụ, ọnwa na mbara ala n'oge dị iche iche n'ụbọchị maka agụmakwụkwọ ụgbọ mmiri kwa afọ a na-eji eme njem n'oké osimiri. [2]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ewebata Edwards na oru almanac na Nevil Maskelyne, onye England Astronomer Royal nke ise, site n'aka di onye ụkọchukwu ya bụ Revd John Edwards (c. 1748–1784) [3] onye werela obere ọrụ dịka kọmpụta iji gbakwunye ego ezinụlọ wee nata ụgwọ ọrụ na uru ọnwa 6 nke almanac ọ bụla site na 1773 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1784. E kpughere na Meri mere ọtụtụ n'ime mgbakọ ahụ mgbe o degaara Maskeline akwụkwọ ka ọ jụọ ma ọ ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado onwe ya na ụmụ ya nwanyị mgbe di ya nwụsịrị. [4] [5] [6] Na ọnwụ di ya, Mary Edwards weghaara ọrụ mgbako ya na oge niile yana dịka naanị isi iyi ego ya. O nwere ike ịbụ na Maskelyne maara kemgbe na o mere mgbakọ ahụ n'ihi na ọ gara leta ezinụlọ ahụ ọtụtụ oge. Otú ọ dị, mgbe Maskeline nwụrụ na 1811 ọ chọpụtara na ọhụrụ Astronomer Royal John Pond enyeghị ya ọrụ zuru ezu. Ndị Board nke Longitude mechara kpebie na ọdọ mmiri ga-aga n'ihu na-ekenye ya ọrụ. [7] Ka oge na-aga, aha ya maka ntụkwasị obi na izi ezi pụtara na ọ nwere ike ịmalite ọrụ ọzọ. Ọ gara n'ihu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1815. [8]
Ezinụlọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nwa ya nwanyị, Eliza Edwards (1779-1846), rụkwara ọrụ dị ka kọmpụta, na-enyere aka site na nwata wee nwee onwe ya mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị na 1815. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Nautical Almanac ruo 1832, bụ ụbọchị a na-arụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na London [9] na na HM Nautical Almanac Office ọhụrụ enweghị ebe maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na iwu ndị ọrụ obodo mere ka ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị sie ike. [7]
Nkwenye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Obere mbara ala 12627 Maryedwards ka akpọrọ aha na nsọpụrụ ya. [10]
Na 2016 Ludlow Civic Society kpebiri itinye Blue Plaque na ụlọ mbụ ya na 4 Brand Lane, Ludlow, Shropshire, iji kwado ọrụ ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ "kọmputa". [3]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta ndị ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ ụmụ nwanyị
- Ụmụ nwanyị na kọmputa
- Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọrụ
- Akụkọ banyere sayensị
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Croarken (October–December 2003). "Mary Edwards: Computing for a Living in 18th-Century England.". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 25 (4): 9–15. DOI:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253886. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
- ↑ Palimpsests, patronage and (negative) publicity in a Maskelyne cache. Board of Longitude project blog. Royal Museums Greenwich (7 August 2012). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [1]Shropshire Star report, 11 May 2016.
- ↑ Pain (13 March 2004). "Lady of longitude". New Scientist 181 (2438). ISSN 0262-4079.
- ↑ Higgitt. Longitude, ladies and computers. The Board of Longitude project blog. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
- ↑ Edwards. Correspondence [with the Board of Longitude concerning petitions of Mary Edwards for remuneration in consideration of her past services]. Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved on 2 May 2015.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 (2009) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics. OUP Oxford, 397. ISBN 9780199213122.
- ↑ Papers of Nevil Maskelyne. Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
- ↑ Croarken (2014). in Higgitt: Maskelyne: Astronomer Royal. London: Robert Hale Ltd.
- ↑ Lutz D. Schmadel, Dictionary of Minor Planet Names: Sixth Revised and Enlarged Edition (Heidelberg [etc.]: Springer, 2012), p. 823.