Mgbakọ Minamata na Mercury
Mgbakọ Minamata na Mercury bụ nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke e mere iji chebe ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na mpụta anthropogenic na mwepụta nke mercury na mercury. Mgbakọ ahụ bụ n'ihi afọ atọ nke nzukọ na mkparịta ụka, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị nnọchiteanya na-anọchite anya mba 140 dị nso na 19 January 2013 na Geneva kwadoro ederede nke mgbakọ ahụ ma nakweere ma bịanye aka n'afọ ahụ na 10 October 2013 na ogbako diplomatic. emere na Kumamoto, Japan. A kpọrọ mgbakọ ahụ aha obodo Japan bụ́ Minamata. Aha a bụ ihe atụ dị mkpa ka obodo ahụ gara n'ihu n'ihe omume na-emebi emebi nke nsị mercury. A na-atụ anya na n'ime iri afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, nkwekọrịta mba ụwa a ga-eme ka mbelata mmetọ mercury si n'ọrụ ezubere iche maka ntọhapụ nke mercury na gburugburu ebe dị nso.
Ebumnobi nke Mgbakọ Minamata bụ ichekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na mpụta anthropogenic na mwepụta nke mercury na mercury. O nwere, na nkwado nke ebumnobi a, ndokwa ndị metụtara usoro ndụ Mercury dum, gụnyere njikwa na mbelata n'ofe ngwaahịa, usoro na ụlọ ọrụ ebe a na-eji mercury, ewepụtara ma ọ bụ na-ebupụta. Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-ekwukwa banyere ngwuputa mercury ozugbo, mbupụ na mbubata ya, nchekwa ya na mkpofu ya ozugbo dị ka ihe efu. Ịkọpụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ịkwalite nlekọta ahụike na ọzụzụ ka mma nke ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ahụike n'ịchọpụta na ịgwọ mmetụta ndị metụtara mercury ga-esikwa na mmejuputa mgbakọ ahụ.
Mgbakọ Minamata na-enye njikwa n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nwere mercury, nrụpụta, mbubata na mbupụ nke a ga-amachibido ya kpamkpam site na 2020, belụsọ ebe mba rịọrọ ka ahapụ ya maka afọ ise mbụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a gụnyere ụfọdụ ụdị batrị, kọmpat fluorescent oriọna, relays, ncha na ihe ịchọ mma, temometa, na ngwaọrụ mgbali ọbara. A na-ahazikwa njuputa eze na-eji amalgam mercury n'okpuru mgbakọ ahụ, a ga-ewepụkwa ojiji ha site n'ọtụtụ usoro.
Ihe ndị mere na mercury[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mercury bụ ihe na-eme n'okike. Enwere ike ịhapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi site na isi mmalite - dị ka ihu igwe nke nkume ndị nwere mercury, ọkụ ọhịa, mgbawa ugwu ma ọ bụ ihe omume geothermal - kamakwa site na ọrụ mmadụ. A na-ebupụta ihe dị ka tọn 5500-8900 nke mercury ugbu a ma na-ebughachi kwa afọ na ikuku, yana ọtụtụ n'ime mercury eweghachiri eweghachi na-ewere na ọ metụtara ọrụ mmadụ, dị ka ewepụtara ya kpọmkwem.
N'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ya, mercury ejirila ngwaahịa na usoro dị iche iche mee ihe ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ya na usoro mmepụta ihe nke na-emepụta chloride (PVC), na polyurethane elastomers. A na-eji ya amịpụta ọla edo na ọla n'ọrụ nka na obere obere ọla edo. Ọ dị n'ime ngwaahịa dịka ụfọdụ mgba ọkụ eletrik (gụnyere thermostats), relays, ngwa nha na njikwa, ọkụ ọkụ fluorescent na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ụdị batrị ụfọdụ na amalgam eze. A na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ nyocha, ihe ịchọ mma, ọgwụ ọgwụ, gụnyere na ọgwụ mgbochi dịka ihe nchekwa, agba, na ọla. A na-ahapụkwa Mercury n'amaghị ama site na ụfọdụ usoro mmepụta ihe, dị ka ike ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ, mmepụta ciment, Ngwuputa ihe na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka mmepụta ọla na-adịghị ferrous, yana site na ọkụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpofu.
Otu ebe kachasi enweta ikuku mercury nke mmadụ mere bụ ngalaba nka na obere ngwupụta ọla edo, bụ nke na-ahụ maka mwepụta ihe ruru tọn 1,000 nke mercury na ikuku kwa afọ.
Akụkọ banyere mkparịta ụka ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọ dịla anya a mara ogige Mercury na mercury na-egbu egbu na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnukwu ọgbaghara ahụike ọha na eze n'ihi nsị mercury, dị ka ọrịa Minamata na ọrịa Niigata Minamata, dọọrọ uche gaa na okwu ahụ. Na 1972, ndị nnọchiteanya na Stockholm Conference on Human Environment hụrụ Japan obere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị bụ Shinobu Sakamoto, nwere nkwarụ n'ihi nsị methylmercury na utero. E hiwere otu United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment, nke mbụ UNEP) obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị. Gburugburu UN na-agbasi mbọ ike n'iweta sayensị nke nsị mercury na mmejuputa iwu. Na 2001, onye isi oche nke UN Environment kpọrọ oku site n'aka ndị ọchịchị ya ka ọ mee nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mercury na ogige ya, gụnyere kemịkalụ na mmetụta ahụike, isi mmalite, njem ogologo oge, yana mgbochi na njikwa teknụzụ metụtara mercury. .
Na 2003, kansụl ọchịchị tụlere ntule a wee chọpụta na enwere ihe akaebe zuru oke nke mmetụta ọjọọ zuru ụwa ọnụ sitere na mercury na ogige ya iji nye nkwado mba ọzọ iji belata ihe egwu dị na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ntọhapụ ha na gburugburu ebe obibi. A gbara ndị gọọmentị ume ka ha nweta ebumnuche maka mbelata ikuku mercury na mwepụta yana UN Environment butere enyemaka nka na ọrụ iwulite ikike iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị a.
E hibere mmemme mercury iji gboo mkparị nke Mercury wetara wee wusiekwa ya ike site n'aka gọọmentị n'afọ 2005 na 2007 site na UNEP Global Mercury Partnership. N'afọ 2007, kansụl ọchịchị ahụ kwubiri na a ga-enyocha ma nyochaa nhọrọ nke usoro afọ ofufo emelitere na akwụkwọ iwu mba ụwa dị ugbu a iji nwee ọganihu n'ịgbasa okwu mercury. N'ọnwa Febrụwarị afọ 2009, otu kansụl na-achị UNEP kpebiri imepụta ngwa eji ejikọta iwu na Mercury zuru ụwa ọnụ.
E hiwere kọmitii mkparita ụka n'etiti gọọmentị ngwa ngwa (INC), nke mba dị iche iche si kpaa nkata ma mepụta ederede nke mgbakọ ahụ. Ndị ọzọ metụtara, gụnyere gọọmentị etiti na ndị otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị sonyekwara na usoro a wee nye aka site na ịkekọrịta echiche, ahụmịhe na nka nka. Kọmiti mkparita uka nke gọọmentị etiti bụ Fernando Lugris nke Uruguay bụ onye isi oche yana ngalaba Chemicals na Health nke ngalaba UN Environment's Economy Division kwadoro. Ndị INC nwere nnọkọ ise iji kparịta ma kparịta nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ na Mercury:
- INC 1, 7 ruo 11 June 2010, na Stockholm, Sweden[1][2]
- INC 2, 24 ruo 28 Jenụwarị 2011, na Chiba, Japan[3][4]
- INC 3, 31 Ọktoba ruo 4 Nọvemba 2011, na Nairobi, Kenya[5][6]
- INC 4, 27 June ruo 2 July 2012, na Punta del Este, Uruguay[7][8]
- INC 5, 13 ruo 18 Jenụwarị 2013, na Geneva, Switzerland[9][10]
Na 19 Jenụwarị 2013, mgbe e nwesịrị mkparịta ụka ruo n'ime abalị, mkparita ụka ahụ mechiri na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gọọmentị 140 kwetara na ederede mgbakọ. A nabatara mgbakọ ahụ wee meghee maka mbinye aka otu afọ na 10 October 2013, na ogbako nke plenipotentiaries (ogbako diplomatic) na Kumamoto, Japan, tupu nzukọ nkwadebe sitere na 7-8 October 2013. European Union na mba 86 bịanyere aka na ya. mgbakọ n'ụbọchị mbụ e meghere maka mbinye aka. Mba 5 ọzọ bịanyere aka na mgbakọ ahụ n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ogbako diplomatic, 11 October 2013. N'ozuzu, mgbakọ ahụ nwere ndị mbinye aka 128.
Fernando Lugris, onye nnọchi anya oche Uruguayan, kwusara, sị, "Taa n'isi ụtụtụ nke 19 Jenụwarị 2013, anyị emechiela isiakwụkwọ na njem nke were afọ anọ nke ugboro ugboro mana mkparịta ụka na-aga nke ọma wee meghee isiakwụkwọ ọhụrụ maka ọdịnihu ga-adigide. Emere nke a n'aha ndị na-adịghị ike n'ebe niile ma na-anọchite anya ohere maka narị afọ ahụike na nke ga-adịgide adịgide maka ndị mmadụ niile."
N'ịga n'ihu na nnabata nke mgbakọ ahụ, kọmitii mkparita uka nke gọọmentị etiti nyere iwu ka ha zute n'oge oge nke bu ụzọ meghee nzukọ mbụ nke Nzukọ Ndị otu na mgbakọ ahụ iji mee ka ọ banye ngwa ngwa n'ike na mmejuputa dị irè mgbe ịbanye n'ike. . Emere nnọkọ abụọ nke INC:
- INC 6, 3 ruo 7 Nọvemba 2014, na Bangkok, Thailand
- INC 7, 10 ruo 15 Machị 2016, na Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, Jọdan
Mkparịta ụka kpuchiri ọtụtụ akụkụ teknụzụ, ego yana nhazi yana ọrụ.
Nkwekọrịta a chọrọ iji tinye n'ọrụ ntinye nke ngwa iri ise nke nkwenye, nnabata, nkwenye ma ọ bụ ntinye nke steeti ma ọ bụ òtù ndị na-ejikọta akụ na ụba mpaghara. Emere mmemme nnabata iri ise a na Mee 18, 2017, ya mere mgbakọ ahụ malitere na 16 Ọgọst 2017.
Nzukọ mbụ nke ogbako nke ndị otu na Minamata Convention on Mercury (COP1) mere site na 24 ruo 29 September 2017 na International Conference Center na Geneva.
Nzukọ nke abụọ nke Nzukọ nke Ndị otu (COP2) mere site na 19 ruo 23 November 2018 na International Conference Center na Geneva, Switzerland.
Nzukọ nke atọ nke Nzukọ Ndị otu (COP3) mere site na 25 ruo 29 November 2019 na International Conference Center na Geneva, Switzerland. Na nzụkọ nke atọ ya, Mgbakọ nke ndị otu ahụ kwenyere n'ọtụtụ ihe omume iji mejuputa Mgbakọ Minamata nke ọma.
Mgbe mgbakọ ahụ malitesịrị ike, Nzukọ nke Pati na-ewere ọnọdụ kwa afọ maka afọ atọ mbụ. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, a ga-akpọkọta ọgbakọ ndị otu (COPs) n'ime afọ abụọ ọ bụla.
Nzukọ nke anọ nke ọgbakọ ndị otu (https://www.mercuryconvention.org/en/meetings/cop4) (COP4) ga-ewere ọnọdụ na Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia site na 21 ruo 25 Maachị 2022.
Ndepụta nke ndị bịanyere aka na ndị otu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dịka nke Disemba 2022, enwere ndị bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta 128 na otu 139.
| Onye sonyere | Ịbịanye aka | Nkwado, nnabata (A),
nkwado (AA), ntinye (a) |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Ọdịdị | 2 May 2017 (a) |
| Albania | 9 October 2014 | 26 May 2020 |
| Algeria | Ọdịdị | 30 November 2022 (a) |
| Angola | 11 October 2013 | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Ọdịdị | 23 September 2016 (a) |
| Argentina | 10 October 2013 | 25 September 2017 |
| Armenia | 10 October 2013 | 13 December 2017 |
| Australia | 10 October 2013 | 7 December 2021 |
| Austria | 10 October 2013 | 12 June 2017 |
| Bahamas | Ọdịdị | 12 February 2020 (a) |
| Bahrain | Ọdịdị | 6 July 2021 (a) |
| Bangladesh | 10 October 2013 | 18 April 2023 |
| Belarus | 23 September 2014 | |
| Belgium | 10 October 2013 | 26 February 2018 |
| Benin | 10 October 2013 | 7 November 2016 |
| Bolivia | 10 October 2013 | 26 January 2016 |
| Botswana | Ọdịdị | 3 June 2016 (a) |
| Brazil | 10 October 2013 | 8 August 2017 |
| Bulgaria | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 |
| Burkina Faso | 10 October 2013 | 10 April 2017 (a) |
| Burundi | 14 February 2014 | 26 March 2021 |
| Cambodia | 10 October 2013 | 8 April 2021 |
| Cameroon | 24 September 2014 | 10 March 2021 |
| Canada | 10 October 2013 | 7 April 2017 |
| Central African Republic | 10 October 2013 | 31 March 2021 |
| Chad | 25 September 2014 | 24 September 2015 |
| Chile | 10 October 2013 | 27 August 2018 |
| China | 10 October 2013 | 31 August 2016[11] |
| Colombia | 10 October 2013 | 26 August 2019 |
| Comoros | 10 October 2013 | 23 July 2019 |
| Congo, Republic of the | 8 October 2014 | 6 August 2019 |
| Costa Rica | 10 October 2013 | 19 January 2017 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 10 October 2013 | 1 October 2019 |
| Croatia | 24 September 2014 | 25 September 2017 |
| Cuba | Ọdịdị | 30 January 2018 (a) |
| Cyprus | 24 September 2014 | 25 February 2020 |
| Czech Republic | 10 October 2013 | 19 June 2017 |
| Denmark | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 |
| Djibouti | 10 October 2013 | 23 September 2014 |
| Dominican Republic | 10 October 2013 | 20 March 2018 |
| Ecuador | 10 October 2013 | 29 July 2016 |
| El Salvador | Ọdịdị | 20 June 2017 (a) |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ọdịdị | 24 December 2019 (a) |
| Estonia | Ọdịdị | 21 June 2017 (a) |
| Eswatini | Ọdịdị | 21 September 2016 (a) |
| Ethiopia | 10 October 2013 | |
| European Union | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 (AA) |
| Finland | 10 October 2013 | 1 June 2017 (A) |
| France | 10 October 2013 | 15 June 2017 |
| Gabon | 30 June 2014 | 24 September 2014 (A) |
| Gambia | 10 October 2013 | 7 November 2016 |
| Georgia | 10 October 2013 | |
| Germany | 10 October 2013 | 15 September 2017 |
| Ghana | 24 September 2014 | 23 March 2017 |
| Greece | 10 October 2013 | 10 June 2020 |
| Guatemala | 10 October 2013 | |
| Guinea | 25 November 2013 | 21 October 2014 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 24 September 2014 | 22 October 2018 |
| Guyana | 10 October 2013 | 24 September 2014 |
| Honduras | 24 September 2014 | 22 March 2017 |
| Hungary | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 |
| Iceland | Ọdịdị | 3 May 2018 (a) |
| India | 30 September 2014 | 18 June 2018 |
| Indonesia | 10 October 2013 | 22 September 2017 |
| Iran | 10 October 2013 | 16 June 2017 |
| Iraq | 10 October 2013 | 16 September 2021 |
| Ireland | 10 October 2013 | 18 March 2019 |
| Israel | 10 October 2013 | |
| Italy | 10 October 2013 | 5 January 2021 |
| Jamaica | 10 October 2013 | 19 July 2017 |
| Japan | 10 October 2013 | 2 February 2016 (A) |
| Jordan | 10 October 2013 | 12 November 2015 |
| Kenya | 10 October 2013 | |
| Kiribati | Ọdịdị | 28 July 2017 (a) |
| Kuwait | 10 October 2013 | 3 December 2015 |
| Laos | Ọdịdị | 21 September 2017 (a) |
| Latvia | 24 September 2014 | 20 June 2017 |
| Lebanon | Ọdịdị | 13 October 2017 (a) |
| Lesotho | Ọdịdị | 12 November 2014 (a) |
| Liberia | 24 September 2014 | |
| Libya | 10 October 2013 | |
| Liechtenstein | Ọdịdị | 1 February 2017 (a) |
| Lithuania | 10 October 2013 | 15 January 2018 |
| Luxembourg | 10 October 2013 | 21 September 2017 |
| Madagascar | 10 October 2013 | 13 May 2015 |
| Malawi | 10 October 2013 | |
| Malaysia | 24 September 2014 | |
| Mali | 10 October 2013 | 27 May 2016 |
| Malta | 8 October 2014 | 18 May 2017 |
| Marshall Islands | Ọdịdị | 29 January 2019 (a) |
| Mauritania | 11 October 2013 | 18 August 2015 |
| Mauritius | 10 October 2013 | 21 September 2017 |
| Mexico | 10 October 2013 | 29 September 2015 |
| Moldova | 10 October 2013 | 20 June 2017 |
| Monaco | 24 September 2014 | 24 September 2014 |
| Mongolia | 10 October 2013 | 28 September 2015 |
| Montenegro | 24 September 2014 | 10 June 2019 |
| Morocco | 6 June 2014 | |
| Mozambique | 10 October 2013 | |
| Namibia | Ọdịdị | 6 September 2017 (a) |
| Nepal | 10 October 2013 | |
| Netherlands | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 (A) |
| New Zealand | 10 October 2013 | |
| Nicaragua | 10 October 2013 | 29 October 2014 |
| Niger | 10 October 2013 | 9 June 2017 |
| Nigeria | 10 October 2013 | 1 February 2018 |
| North Macedonia | 25 July 2014 | 12 March 2020 |
| Norway | 10 October 2013 | 12 May 2017 |
| Oman | Ọdịdị | 23 June 2020 (a) |
| Pakistan | 10 October 2013 | 16 December 2020 |
| Palau | 9 October 2014 | 21 June 2017 |
| Palestine | Ọdịdị | 18 March 2019 (a) |
| Panama | 10 October 2013 | 29 September 2015 |
| Paraguay | 10 February 2014 | 26 June 2018 |
| Peru | 10 October 2013 | 21 January 2016 |
| Philippines | 10 October 2013 | 8 July 2020 |
| Poland | 24 September 2014 | 30 September 2021 |
| Portugal | Ọdịdị | 28 August 2018 (a) |
| Qatar | Ọdịdị | 4 November 2020 (a) |
| Romania | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 |
| Russia | 24 September 2014 | |
| Rwanda | Ọdịdị | 29 June 2017 (a) |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Ọdịdị | 24 May 2017 (a) |
| Saint Lucia | Ọdịdị | 23 January 2019 (a) |
| Samoa | 10 October 2013 | 24 September 2015 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | Ọdịdị | 30 August 2018 (a) |
| Saudi Arabia | Ọdịdị | 27 February 2019 (a) |
| Senegal | 11 October 2013 | 3 March 2016 |
| Serbia | 9 October 2014 | |
| Seychelles | 27 May 2014 | 13 January 2015 |
| Sierra Leone | 12 August 2014 | 1 November 2016 |
| Singapore | 10 October 2013 | 22 September 2017 |
| Slovakia | 10 October 2013 | 31 May 2017 |
| Slovenia | 10 October 2013 | 23 June 2017 |
| South Africa | 10 October 2013 | 29 April 2019 |
| South Korea | 24 September 2014 | 22 November 2019 |
| Spain | 10 October 2013 | 13 December 2021 |
| Sri Lanka | 8 October 2014 | 19 June 2017 |
| Sudan | 24 September 2014 | |
| Suriname | Ọdịdị | 2 August 2018 (a) |
| Sweden | 10 October 2013 | 18 May 2017 |
| Switzerland | 10 October 2013 | 25 May 2016 |
| Syria | 24 September 2014 | 26 July 2017 |
| Tanzania | 10 October 2013 | 5 October 2020 |
| Thailand | Ọdịdị | 22 June 2017 (a) |
| Togo | 10 October 2013 | 3 February 2017 |
| Tonga | Ọdịdị | 22 October 2018 (a) |
| Tunisia | 10 October 2013 | |
| Turkey | 24 September 2014 | 4 October 2022 |
| Tuvalu | Ọdịdị | 7 June 2019 (a) |
| Uganda | 10 October 2013 | 1 March 2019 |
| United Arab Emirates | 10 October 2013 | 27 April 2015 |
| United Kingdom | 10 October 2013 | 23 March 2018 |
| United States | 6 November 2013 | 6 November 2013 (A) |
| Uruguay | 10 October 2013 | 24 September 2014 |
| Vanuatu | Ọdịdị | 16 October 2018 (a) |
| Venezuela | 10 October 2013 | |
| Vietnam | 11 October 2013 | 23 June 2017 (AA) |
| Yemen | 21 March 2014 | |
| Zambia | 10 October 2013 | 11 March 2016 |
| Zimbabwe | 11 October 2013 | 19 August 2021[12] |
Ndokwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbakọ ahụ nwere isiokwu 35, mgbakwunye 5 na okwu mmalite.
Okwu mmalite nke mgbakọ ahụ na-ekwu na ndị otu ahụ achọpụtala na mercury bụ, "kemịkalụ nke nchegbu zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihi njem ikuku dị ogologo oge, nnọgidesi ike ya na gburugburu ebe obibi ozugbo a kpọbatara mmadụ, ikike ya ịmepụta ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi na mmetụta ọjọọ ya. na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi."
Nkeji edemede 1[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-ekwuputa ebumnobi nke mgbakọ ahụ, nke bụ "ichekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ikuku anthropogenic na mwepụta nke mercury na mercury".
Nkeji edemede 2[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-ewepụta nkọwa ndị ejiri n'ime ihe karịrị otu edemede nke mgbakọ ahụ, gụnyere: "Ngwuputa ọla edo na nka obere" nke na-ezo aka na ngwuputa ọla edo nke ndị na-egwuputa ihe n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enwe obere ego na mmepụta ego; "Usoro kachasị mma dị"; "Omume gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị mma" pụtara iji nchikota nke usoro na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị mma; "Mercury" na-ezo aka kpọmkwem na mercury elemental (Hg), CAS No. 7439-97-6; "Mercury ogige"; "Ngwaahịa agbakwunyere Mercury" na-ezo aka na ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ mpaghara ngwaahịa nwere mercury ma ọ bụ ngwakọta mercury nke agbanyere ụma tinye; "Pati" na "Ndị otu nọ na ịtụ vootu"; "Ngwuputa mercury nke mbụ"; "Regional akụ na ụba mwekota"; "Enwere ohere".
Nkeji edemede 3[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-eleba anya n'ajụjụ nke isi mmalite na azụmaahịa mercury.
- Ndokwa nke edemede a anaghị emetụta ogige mercury a na-eji maka nyocha ụlọ nyocha, ọnụọgụ mercury ma ọ bụ mercury na-apụta n'ọdịdị, ngwaahịa mercury agbakwunyere.
- Ọ machibidoro ndị ọzọ ikwe ka ngwupụta mercury nke a na-emebeghị tupu ụbọchị abanye n'ime mgbakọ ahụ maka ha, ọ na-enye ohere naanị ngwuputa mercury nke e mere n'ụbọchị ntinye aka ruo afọ iri na ise ka ụbọchị ahụ gasịrị. .
- Ọ na-akwado mba ka ha chọpụta oke mercury ma ọ bụ mercury n'otu n'otu karịa metric ton 50 yana isi mmalite nke mercury na-eweta ebuka karịrị metric ton 10 kwa afọ. Ọ bụrụ na oke mercury sitere na mkpochapụ nke akụrụngwa chlor alkali dị, a na-atụfu mercury dị otú ahụ dịka ntuziaka maka njikwa mma gburugburu ebe obibi na-eji arụ ọrụ na-adịghị eduga na mgbake, imegharị ihe, mweghachi, iji ya ozugbo ma ọ bụ ojiji ọzọ.
- A naghị ekwe ka ndị otu na-ebupụ mercury na-enweghị nkwenye ederede nke otu na-ebubata ma ọ bụ naanị maka nchekwa nwa oge na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ iji ya mee ihe. Njikwa ndị a na-emetụta naanị mercury, ọ bụghị na ogige mercury ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mercury agbakwunyere.
Nkeji edemede 4[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-aza ajụjụ nke ngwaahịa mercury agbakwunyere.
- Mgbakọ ahụ na-eji ụzọ abụọ iji chịkwaa mercury n'ime ngwaahịa, ya bụ idebe ụbọchị njedebe maka ụfọdụ, na ịkọwapụta usoro ndị a ga-eme iji kwe ka iji ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu.
Nkeji edemede 5[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ usoro nrụpụta nke ejiri ogige mercury ma ọ bụ mercury mee ihe.
- Na-ewepụta usoro iji kwụsị ma ọ bụ machibido usoro ndị dị adị.
- Ọ naghị ekwe ka ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ga-eji usoro mmepụta ihe edepụtara na Annex B ma na-akụda mmepe nke usoro mmepụta ọhụrụ nke ejiri ụma mee ihe na-eme ihe na-eme mercury ma ọ bụ mercury.
Nkeji edemede 6[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emetụta mpụ dịịrị otu pati ma rịọ ya.
- Otu steeti ma ọ bụ mpaghara njikọ akụ na ụba nwere ike ịdebanye aha maka otu ma ọ bụ karịa ewepu site na njedebe nke ụbọchị edepụtara na Nkebi I nke Mgbakwunye A na B.
- Ha na-eme nke a na ịghọ Party, ma ọ bụ n'ihe gbasara ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ usoro nke agbakwunyere site na ndezigharị na listi ahụ, n'oge na-adịghị anya karịa ụbọchị nke mgbanwe ahụ ga-abanye n'ọrụ maka ya.
- Enwere ike ịdebanye aha ewepu maka udi edepụtara ma ọ bụ otu ngalaba amapụtara.
- A na-eme ndebanye aha ahụ site n'ịkọrọ ndị odeakwụkwọ na ederede, na a ga-esonyere ya na nkwupụta na-akọwa mkpa ndị otu ahụ maka nnwere onwe ahụ.
Nkeji edemede 7[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-ekwu maka ajụjụ ọrụ aka na obere obere ọla edo na nhazi ebe a na-eji ngwakọta mercury ewepụta ọla edo na ọla.
- Otu ọ bụla nke nwere obere Ngwuputa ọla edo na nhazi n'ime ókèala ya nwere ọrụ zuru oke ime ihe iji belata ojiji nke mercury na mercury n'ime nhazi na nhazi dị otú ahụ kwesịrị ibelata, na ebe ọ ga-ekwe omume iwepụ, iji mercury na mercury mee ihe. ogige na Ngwuputa na nhazi, yana ihe na-esi na ya pụta na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mercury site na ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ.
- A na-ewepụta ọrụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere mmepe na mmejuputa atụmatụ atụmatụ mba, nke na-ekpebi na ọrụ aka na obere obere ọla edo na nhazi na mpaghara ya bụ ihe na-abaghị uru.
Nkeji edemede 8[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ihe gbasara mpụta nke mercury na ogige mercury.
- Ọ na-achọ ịchịkwa na, ebe ọ ga-ekwe omume, ibelata mpụta nke mercury na ogige mercury na ikuku, site na usoro iji chịkwaa ikuku sitere na isi mmalite ndị edepụtara na Annex D.
- Nkeji edemede dị iche n'etiti usoro achọrọ maka isi mmalite ọhụrụ yana ndị achọrọ maka isi mmalite dị. A naghị ekwupụta ntọhapụ na ala na mmiri na Nkeji edemede 8 - a na-ekwu ha na Nkeji edemede 9 nke mgbakọ ahụ.
Nkeji edemede 9[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-ekwu maka mwepụta nke mercury na ogige mercury na ala na mmiri
- Ebumnuche n'ịchịkwa na ebe enwere ike ibelata mwepụta nke mercury na ogige mercury sitere na isi mmalite ihe anthropogenic dị mkpa na-ekwughị na ndokwa ndị ọzọ nke mgbakọ ahụ.
- Steeti ọ bụla kwesịrị n'ime afọ atọ ka ụbọchị ntinye n'ọrụ nke Mgbakọ ahụ ga-egosipụta isi mmalite dị mkpa nke mwepụta nke mercury n'ime ala na mmiri.
Nkeji edemede 10[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-etinye aka na nchekwa nwa oge nke mercury na-abụghị mercury n'efu.
- A na-arịọ ndị otu ka ha mee ihe iji hụ na a na-echekwa mercury na mercury nke ezubere maka ojiji enyere n'okpuru mgbakọ ahụ n'ụzọ dị mma gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eburu n'uche ụkpụrụ nduzi ọ bụla yana dabere na ihe ọ bụla a chọrọ nke Nzukọ Ndị otu nakweere.
Nkeji edemede 11[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ ihe mkpofu mercury, gụnyere nkọwa ha, njikwa ha n'ụzọ dị mma gburugburu ebe obibi yana njem gafere oke mba ụwa.
Nkeji edemede 12[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ ihe na saịtị ndị mmeru.
- Steeti ọ bụla kwesịrị ịgbalị ịmepụta atụmatụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịchọpụta na nyochaa saịtị ndị merutere site na mercury ma ọ bụ mercury.
- Mgbe ị na-eme ihe iji belata ihe egwu dị na saịtị nke mercury ma ọ bụ ogige mercury metọọ, a chọrọ Party nke ọ bụla iji hụ na a na-eme ihe omume n'ụzọ dị mma gburugburu ebe obibi, na omume gụnyere, ebe kwesịrị ekwesị, ntule nke ihe egwu dị na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi sitere na ogige mercury ma ọ bụ mercury dị na saịtị ndị a.
Nkeji edemede 13[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ metụtara ajụjụ gbasara akụrụngwa ego na usoro.
- Na-ewepụta usoro maka inye ego zuru oke, nke a ga-ebu amụma na nke oge, nke gụnyere Global Environment Facility Trust Fund na mmemme mba ụwa akọwapụtara maka ịkwado ikike ikike na enyemaka aka ọrụ.
Nkeji edemede 14[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-eleba anya n'okwu gbasara iwulite ikike, enyemaka teknụzụ na nnyefe teknụzụ.
- Akpọ oku maka imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ndị otu iji nye ikike n'oge na nke dabara adaba maka ndị otu mba na-emepe emepe, gụnyere site na nhazi mpaghara, mpaghara mpaghara na mba.
Nkeji edemede 15[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-eguzobe kọmitii mmejuputa iwu na nnabata iji kwalite mmejuputa iwu, na nnabata, ndokwa niile nke mgbakọ a.
- Kọmiti ahụ nwere ndị otu 15 họpụtara site na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ ndị otu.
- Kọmiti nwere ike iwelite okwu na ntinye aka nke onwe site n'aka ndị otu, na ndabere nke ozi etinyere n'okpuru usoro mkpesa, ma ọ bụ arịrịọ sitere na Nzukọ nke otu.
Nkeji edemede 16[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ metụtara akụkụ ahụike.
- Ọ na-agba ndị otu ume ka ha kwalite mmepe na mmejuputa atumatu na mmemme iji chọpụta ma chebe ndị mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ Ọ na-agba ndị otu ume ịnakwere ma mejuputa usoro mmụta mmụta na mgbochi sayensị dabere na mkpughe ọrụ na ogige mercury na mercury.
- Ọ na-agba ndị otu ume ka ha kwalite ọrụ nlekọta ahụike kwesịrị ekwesị maka mgbochi, ọgwụgwọ na nlekọta maka ndị mmadụ mkpughe na ogige mercury ma ọ bụ mercury metụtara.
- N'ikpeazụ ọ na-agba ndị otu ume ka ha guzobe ma wusie ike ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọkachamara ahụike ike.
Nkeji edemede 17[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ mgbanwe ozi.
- Onye ọ bụla ga-eme ka mgbanwe ozi dị mfe.
Nkeji edemede 18[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-ekwusi ike mkpa ozi ọha, mmata na agụmakwụkwọ dị.
Nkeji edemede 19[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ metụtara nyocha, mmepe na nlekota oru.
Nkeji edemede 20[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-ekwu maka ohere nke ndị otu nwere ike ịmepụta atụmatụ mmejuputa.
Nkeji edemede 21[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ndị otu ga-akọ akụkọ maka ọgbakọ nke ndị otu, site na odeakwụkwọ maka usoro e mere iji mejuputa ndokwa nke mgbakọ ahụ na ịdị irè nke usoro ndị ahụ yana ihe ịma aka ndị nwere ike ime n'imezu ebumnuche nke mgbakọ ahụ.
- Ndị otu ga-etinye n'ime akụkọ ha ozi a na-akpọ maka n'isiokwu dị iche iche nke mgbakọ ahụ.
Nkeji edemede 22[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ ihe na nyocha arụmọrụ.
- Nzukọ nke otu dị iche iche kwesịrị ịtụle ịdị irè nke Mgbakọ ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya afọ isii ka ụbọchị ịbanye na ike na oge ụfọdụ gasịrị.
Nkeji edemede 23[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-eguzobe ọgbakọ nke ndị otu.
Nkeji edemede 24[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-eguzobe Secretariat, nke United Nations Environment Programme ga-enye.
Nkeji edemede 25[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ Na-emekọ maka idozi esemokwu n'etiti ndị otu.
Nkeji edemede 26[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-edozi iwu maka mmezigharị na mgbakọ ahụ.
- Ndị otu ọ bụla nwere ike ịtụpụta mmezigharị na Mgbakọ ahụ, a ga-anakwere ha na nzụkọ ọgbakọ nke otu.
- A ga-ezigara ndị nkwụnye ego nkwado nkwado (nnabata ma ọ bụ nkwenye) nke mmezigharị n'akwụkwọ.
Nkeji edemede 27[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ Na-esetịpụ iwu maka nkuchi na mmezi nke mgbakwunye.
Nkeji edemede 28[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-eguzobe iwu maka ikike ịme ntuli aka: otu otu, otu votu, ma e wezụga n'ihe gbasara otu nzukọ akụ na ụba mpaghara, nke, n'okwu ndị dị n'ime ya, ga-eji ikike ya mee ntuli aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ vootu hà nhata. Ndị otu ya bụ mba ndị na-eso na mgbakọ ahụ. Òtù dị otú ahụ agaghị egosipụta ikike ya ịtụ vootu ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla n'ime mba ndị so na ya na-egosipụta ikike ya ịtụ vootu na ọzọ.
Nkeji edemede 29[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ metụtara mbinye aka nke mgbakọ ahụ, bụ́ nke mepere otu afọ ruo October 9, 2014.
Nkeji edemede 30[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Na-emekọ aka na nkwado, nnabata, nnabata nke mgbakọ ma ọ bụ ịbanye na ya.
Nkeji edemede 31[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-emekọ ihe na ntinye nke mgbakọ ahụ n'ime ike, nke ga-eme na ụbọchị itoolu mgbe ụbọchị nkwụnye ego nke ngwá ọrụ iri ise nke nkwenye, nnabata, nkwenye ma ọ bụ ntinye.
Nkeji edemede 32[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-ekwu na enweghị ike ndoputa ọ bụla na mgbakọ ahụ.
Nkeji edemede 33[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-enye ikike ndị ọzọ ịwepụ na Mgbakọ ahụ n'oge ọ bụla mgbe afọ atọ gachara site na ụbọchị nke mgbakọ ahụ malitere ịdị irè maka ha, site na ntinye akwụkwọ ozi na Depositary.
- Mwepụ ọ bụla dị otú ahụ ga-amalite otu afọ mgbe nnata ọkwa nke onye nkwụnye ego ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ọ bụla akọwapụtara.
Nkeji edemede 34[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Aha odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations dị ka onye nkwụnye ego nke mgbakọ ahụ.
Nkeji edemede 35[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọ na-ekwu na ihe odide Arabic, Chinese, Bekee, French, Russian na Spanish nke mgbakọ ahụ bụkwa eziokwu.
Nzukọ Minamata na Mercury COPs[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- COP-1 (Geneva, Switzerland), 24 - 29 Septemba 2017
- COP-2 (Geneva, Switzerland), 19 - 23 Nọvemba 2018
- COP-3 (Geneva, Switzerland), 25 - 29 Nọvemba 2019
- COP-4 (n'ịntanetị; Bali, Indonesia), 01 - 05 Nọvemba 2021 (akụkụ nke mbụ), 21 - 25 Machị 2022 (akụkụ nke abụọ)
- COP-5 (Geneva, Switzerland), 30 Ọktoba - 03 Nọvemba 2023
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi
- Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi
- Iwu mba ụwa
- Ndepụta nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa
- Okirikiri Mercury
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ INC1. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ Ashton, M. (14 June 2010). First Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ INC2. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ Ashton, M. (31 January 2011). Summary of the Second Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ INC3. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ Kantai, T. (7 November 2011). Summary of the Third Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ INC4. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ Aguilar, S. (6 July 2012). Summary of the Fourth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ INC5. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ Kohler, P. (21 January 2013). Summary of the Fifth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved on 10 October 2013.
- ↑ China has also declared that the convention will be extended to cover both Hong Kong and Macau.
- ↑ "Zimbabwe Bans Use of Mercury in Mining, Herald Says", msn.com, Bloomberg, 29 December 2020. Retrieved on 29 December 2020.