Mgbanwe nke crane
| obere ụdị nke | psychological manipulation  |
|---|---|
| A gụrụ aha | Victor Gruen |
N'ime ụlọ ahịa ịzụ ahịa, nnyefe Gruen (nke a makwaara dị ka mmetụta Gruen ) bụ oge mgbe ndị na-azụ ahịa na-abanye n'ahịa ahịa ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa, na gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbagwoju anya gburugburu, na-atụfu ebumnuche mbụ ha, na-eme ka ha nwekwuo ike ime mkpali. na-azụta. Akpọrọ ya aha onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Austria bụ Victor Gruen, onye na-anabataghị usoro aghụghọ dị otú ahụ. [1] [2] [3]
Nkọwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mbufe Gruen bụ ihe omume nke mmụọ nke na-enweta ezi nhụsianya nke ezi uche dị na ya site na nwughari nke ọma, na-enye echiche nke nchekwa na ịdị jụụ site na ama ama. [1] [2] [4]
N'okwu ya na London na 1978, Victor Gruen jụrụ na mmepe ụlọ ahịa dị ka ọ "gbasara" echiche ya: [5] [3] "Ajụrụ m ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ihe ndị ahụ na-emepe emepe." [6] Ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na-etinye aka na nchọpụta ndị a chọpụtara na nha na ọdịdị nke ụlọ ahịa ịzụ ahịa dị otú ahụ nwere mmetụta pụrụ iche na ndị ahịa. Ozugbo onye ahịa na-abanye n'ụlọ ahịa ma na-eju ya anya site n'ịdị ukwuu, njigide nke ụma na glitz nke ụlọ ahịa ahụ, ọ na-echefu ebumnobi mbụ ya wee bụrụ onye nwere ike ịghọ aghụghọ. Ọ na-aghọ onye na-azụ ihe mkpali. [7] [8] Ụlọ ahịa ahịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri, na-ejikwa ahụmahụ nke mmetụta Gruen na-ebelata ihe, na-eduzi uche mgbe ị na-etinye ngwaahịa, ma ọ bụ na-emegharị azụmahịa site na nhazigharị ugboro ugboro. [9] [10]
Ntụ aka na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-akpọ ihe omume telivishọn na netwọk ABC TV nke Australia, nke a na-akpọ Gruen Transfer, aha ya bụ mmetụta ahụ. Usoro ihe omume ahụ na-atụle ụzọ, sayensị na akparamaagwa n'azụ mgbasa ozi. [11]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na 1952, Dayton Company nyere Victor Gruen iwu ka o wuo ụlọ mbụ ime ụlọ, ụlọ ahịa na-achịkwa ihu igwe, Southdale Center, na Edina, Minnesota . [12] Southdale Center mere nnukwu mmeghe ya na 1956. [12]
Ụlọ ahịa ịzụ ahịa ghọrọ ewu ewu nke ukwuu site na 1960 gawa. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ha bụ nanị ebe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu obodo. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa ahịa meghere site na iji atụmatụ imewe yiri nke ahụ, ma bụrụ ndị ewu ewu ruo 1990s. [2] [12]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weiss-Sussex (November 30, 2006). Urban Mindscapes of Europe. Amsterdam, New York, NY: Brill Academic Publishers, Rodopi. ISBN 9789042021044.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hardwick (2015-08-18). Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream (in en). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812292992.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Frank (December 6, 2016). There's a psychological phenomenon that explains why you lose track of time in shopping malls (Video). Business Insider. Retrieved on January 19, 2017.
- ↑ Miles (2004-01-01). The City Cultures Reader (in en). Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415302456.
- ↑ Malcolm Gladwell, The Terrazzo Jungle, The New Yorker, March 15, 2004, Accessed June 12, 2009.
- ↑ Byrnes. Victor Gruen Wanted to Make Our Suburbs More Urban. Instead, He Invented the Mall. The Atlantic Cities. The Atlantic Media Company. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved on 18 July 2013.
- ↑ Katharina Weingartner, Anette Baldauf: The Gruen effect. Victor Gruen and the Shopping Mall. Dokumentarfilm 2012. (Englisch mit deutschen Untertiteln).
- ↑ Victor Gruen (Autor), Anette Baldauf (Hrsg.): Shopping Town: Memoiren eines Stadtplaners (1903–1980). Böhlau Verlag, Wien 2014.
- ↑ Psychotricks der Supermärkte: Wie Kunden Manipuliert werden. RPR1.de (25 August 2018).
- ↑ So einfach lassen sich Kunden im Supermarkt manipulieren. Welt (World) (27 March 2022).
- ↑ ABC TV - The Gruen Transfer - FAQ. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2008-02-27). Retrieved on 2010-07-03.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Southdale Center. mnopedia.org. MNopedia. Retrieved on 2016-05-17.