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Mgbanwe nke ikike gburugburu ebe obibi

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Ndozi ihe ikike gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a na-akpọkwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, bụ ụdị akara a na-atụ anya anya n'usoro iwu ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike ikike .  Ndozi ndị njem a na-ekwe nkwa ụmụ ikike inwe gburugburu ebe dị mma .  Ikike emetụtara n'atụmatụ ndị a na-gụkọta ikike inwe ihu igwe kwụsiri ike, ikuku dị ọcha na mmiri, ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi, ichekwa ihe okike, ihe nkiri, ihe na-akpata ihe mere eme nke gburugburu ebe obibi. [1] [2]

Enwere ike ike ikike maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma n'ime iwu iwu n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka idere n'ime iwu na nhazi ha, dị ka Tunisia, ma ọ bụ egwú site na ịgba akwụkwọ gbasara ihu igwe, dị ka Tunisia.  nke Colombia.  Na United States, ọtụtụ na-akwado na- anya n'imezigharị usoro iwu steeti dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ iwụrụ iwu steeti dị ugbu a, dị ka na Held v. Montana, ebe ndị meri ikpe 1 ikpe maka mmanye.  iwu steeti dị [3]

United States

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Steeti dị na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere mmezigharị ikike gburugburu ebe obibi. Steeti ndị nwere odo odo nwere iwu na-arụ ọrụ dịka nke 2024.

Na United States, ebe akpọtụrụ ikike gburugburu ebe obibi n'iche iwu steeti, steeti Pennsylvania bụ onye mbụ n'ezie ntọala ikike gburugburu ebe obibi [4] dị iche iche nke iwu ikike ikike ha na 1971. Montana gbakwunyere ikike gburugburu ebe obibi  na 1972. [5] Ọ bụghị ruo na 2022 ka steeti New York [6] agbakwunyere mkpọsa ikike gburugburu ebe obibi na-echebe ikike ha.  Enweghị mmeghari ikike mpaghara etiti na United States . [2]

Onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa Ralph W. Abele tụpụtara mmezigharị ikike gburugburu ebe obibi Pennsylvania n'ihe dị ka 1969 mgbe ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mmetọ ikuku na Mmiri na Nchekwa Mmiri nke Ụlọ Pennsylvania na Senate. [4] Na 1972 ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke Pennsylvania Fish Commission. N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Mazị Abele bụ nnukwu olu maka ichekwa ọdọ mmiri, osimiri na iyi nke steeti ahụ. [4]

Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche isi tinye mmezigharị ikike gburugburu na iwu steeti na United States. Ọ bụ ezie na steeti ọ bụla dịtụ iche, n'ozuzu ndị omebe iwu steeti ga-ebufe iwu maka mmezigharị, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-aga n'ihu ndị ntuli aka ikpebi ma a ga-agbakwunye ya n'akwụkwọ iwu steeti. [5] Arịrịọ nwa amaala nwekwara ike nweta mmeghari n'ihu ndị mmadụ, ma ọ bụrụ na arịrịọ ahụ nwere ike nweta mbinye aka zuru ezu n'aka ndị bi na steeti ahụ, ma gaa n'agbanyeghị usoro ndị ọzọ, mgbe ahụ enwere ike itinye ya n'ihu ndị ntuli aka. Ụmụ amaala nọ na Florida na-anwa ime nke a As of March 2024 </link></link> . [5]

Steeti California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, Kentucky, New Jersey, New Mexico, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, na West Virginia ewepụtala, ma ọ bụ na-edepụta iwu iji tinye mmezigharị ikike gburugburu na iwu obodo ha. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye steeti ndị ọzọ na ndepụta a ka oge na-aga. As of March 2024 </link></link> steeti itoolu nwere iwu atụpụtara nke nwere ike itinye ya na ntuli aka 2024. Hawaii, New Jersey na Washington steeti enweela ọganihu kachasị na ebumnuche a. [6] [7]

Ọ dị mkpa ka okwu mmeghari ikike gburugburu ebe obibi bụrụ kpọmkwem ka o wee nwee ike ime ya. Site na akọwapụtachara ikike ndị akọwapụtara nke ọma, mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ime ka ikpe ghara ịpụ n'ụlọ ikpe ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ amaala na ndị na-achịkwa ga-enwe ederede doro anya iji zoo aka mgbe ha na-atụle ọrụ ndị nwere ike. Ụfọdụ na-enwe nchegbu na mgbanwe ndị a ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okwu ikpe dị elu. [7]

Held v. Montana bụ akwụkwọ iwu iwu ihu igwe nke mbụ ga- ekpe ikpe na United States, na June 12, 2023. [8] N'August 14, 2023, onye ọka ikpe nke na ndị ọrụ gbara akwụkwọ, n'agbanyeghị  na ahụ steeti na ọ ga-ekpe ngosi egwu ahụ.  [9] Ndị ikpe Kasị Elu nke Montana akara ọnụ na Julaị 10, 2024, ndị ọka ikpe asaa ya na-ekpe ikpe ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị [3]

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ Jones (2017-03-04). "Changing the Nature of Our Constitutional Default: The Fight for a Right to a Healthy Environment". USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal 3 (2). DOI:10.32396/usurj.v3i2.172. ISSN 2292-1141. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 van Rossum (2017). The Green Amendment: Securing Our Right to a Healthy Environment, 1st (in EN), Austin, Texas and New York City, New York: Disruption Books. ISBN 978-1-63331-021-6. van Rossum, Maya K. (2017). The Green Amendment: Securing Our Right to a Healthy Environment (1st ed.). Austin, Texas and New York City, New York: Disruption Books. ISBN 978-1-63331-021-6. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Brown. "Republicans urge reversal of landmark ruling in Montana climate change lawsuit by young plaintiffs", July 10, 2024.Brown, Matthew; Hanson, Amy Beth (July 10, 2024). "Republicans urge reversal of landmark ruling in Montana climate change lawsuit by young plaintiffs". AP News. Archived from the original on July 11, 2024. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "APnews_20240610" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ralph Abele Bio (en-US). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Retrieved on 2024-03-17.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Holsopple (2023-07-21). The movement to add an enviromental [sic rights amendment to every state's constitution] (en-US). The Allegheny Front. Retrieved on 2024-03-13.
  6. ↑ Green Amendment (en-US). National Caucus of Environmental Legislators. Retrieved on 2024-03-11.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Green Amendments Gain Traction in More States Ahead of Elections (en). Bloomberg Law. Retrieved on 2024-03-11."Green Amendments Gain Traction in More States Ahead of Elections". Bloomberg Law. Retrieved 2024-03-11. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
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