Mgbukpọ osisi na Scotland
Mgbalị ndị a na eme iji mepụta ọhịa na Scotland emeela ka mmụba nke oke ọhịa. Ka ọ na erule akara narị afọ nke 20, Scotland belatara oke ọhịa ruo 5% nke ala Scotland.[1] Otú ọ dị, site na mmalite narị afọ nke 21, mgbalị ndị a na eme ka osisi dịkwuo elu ruo 17%.[2] Gọọmentị Scotland wepụtara atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe ha na Jenụwarị 2017. Atụmatụ 2017 emeela ka oke ọhịa ahụ dịkwuo elu ruo 21% site na 2032 ma mụbaa ọnụego osisi ruo 15,000 hekta kwa afọ.[3]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a site na 1980 ruo ugbu a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ka ọ na erule afọ 1980, Commission forestry jigidere ọrụ nke ndị oke ọhịa atọ nwere ntozu n'ichepụta ala. Nke a dabara na nsonye nke akụkụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ntụrụndụ nke echiche ọhụrụ Scotland gbasara mgbasawanye ọhịa. Otú ọ dị, imewe, nchekwa na ntụrụndụ niile dabara n'azụ akụkụ azụmahịa nke ịkọ ọhịa. N'afọ 1981, gọọmentị Thatcher mezigharịrị iwu oke ọhịa nke 1967 nke gụnyere ngbanwe maka mwepu nke mgbasawanye osisi. E mere ka ọ dị mfe inye onyinye maka ịkụ osisi dị ka ihe agbamume nye ndị nwe ala nkeonwe ma na arụ ọrụ na mgbakwunye na mwepu ụtụ isi ebe kemgbe 1950s. Nkwụsị ụtụ isi rata ndị ọchụnta ego na achọ itinye ego ogologo oge. Nke a mechara bute ịgbasa n'ime mpaghara enweghị oke maka oke ọhịa. Nke a gụnyere Mba Flow, nke a na agbapụta ma jiri ya mee osisi azụmahịa, nke ka ukwuu na Sitka Spruce. Nke a mere ka a na eme 90% nke oke ọhịa Scotland site na nkwụsịtụ ụtụ na inye onyinye.
N'afọ 1982, Forestry Commission na Institute of Chartered Foresters haziri nzukọ gbasara akwụkwọ osisi na Britain. Nke a gosipụtara oge mgbanwe maka osisi. Mgbe nnọkọ ahụ gasịrị, gọọmentị Britain nyochara akụkụ niile nke iwu broadleaves. N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1985, gọọmentị wepụtara iwu ọhụrụ gbasara osisi.[4] Ọbụna na iwu ọhụrụ dị na ya nke chọrọ ichebe na mgbakwunye ọhịa nke ala ndị a mụrụ, ugwu ugwu ugwu na Flow Country ka na-ahụ mgbakwunye azụmahịa nke ụdị ndị na-abụghị ala.
N'afọ 1987, Kansụl Nchekwa Okike bipụtara Birds, Bogs and Forestry. Mbipụta ahụ bu n'uche iji Flow Country maka ubi azụmahịa. O kwuru na ojiji nke ala ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na anụ ọhịa. Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ mere ka nkwupụta nke NCC mee ka ọ pụta ìhè ma bịa n'oge ebubo ọha na eze nke gọọmentị na enye ndị ọgaranya nri. N'afọ 1988, onye isi ala nke Exchequer kagburu ụtụ isi niile.[5] Ná ngwụsị '80s na '90s hụrụ mmasị dị ukwuu site n'aka ọha na eze n'oké ọhịa Scotland na kọmitii Forest nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ. N'ihi ya, na 1992 Forest Commission guzobere Native Pinewoods Initiative, nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịbawanye mpaghara osisi pine ruo 6,000 hekta site na ngwụcha '90s.[6]
Mmụba nke Labour Party na 1997 nyere nkwado ọzọ maka osisi osisi ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu na ndepụta nke mkpa dịka itinye obodo na osisi. Nkwado sitere na UK mere na 1999. E wepụrụ Kọmitii Ọhịa ma hazigharịa ya dị ka Kọmitii Na ahụ Maka Ọhịa Scotland.[7]
N'afọ 2000, Kọmitii Na ahụ Maka Ọhịa na Scotland wepụtara atụmatụ Ọhịa mbụ nke Scotland. N'afọ 2006, e dezigharịrị ya iji gosipụta nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ka ihe dị mkpa na mgbasawanye ọhịa.[8] E mezughị ebumnuche nke Scotland na 2017 n'ihi mgbanwe ndị e mere na EU's Emissions Trading System.[9] N'afọ 2018, Scotland mezuru ebumnuche ịkụ osisi ya ma webata hekta ọhụrụ 11,200 nke osisi. Nke a nyere aka mee ka ọnọdụ Scotland sie ike dị ka onye ndu n'ịkụ osisi ọhụrụ n'ime UK, na 84% nke ịkụ osisi ọhụrụ na UK na-ewere ọnọdụ na Scotland.[10]
N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, e wepụrụ Forestry Commission Scotland ma guzobe ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Scotland ọhụrụ abụọ, Forestry na Land Scotland na Scottish Forestry. Ọhịa na ala Scotland bụ ọrụ maka nchekwa, njikwa na nkwalite nke oké ọhịa Scotland. Scottish Forestry bụ ọrụ maka iwu ọhịa, nkwado na nhazi.[11]
Ọdịnihu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E bipụtara atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke gọọmentị Scotland na 2017 ma setịpụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ọdịnihu nke osisi Scottish. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ sitere na afọ 2020-2050. Nke a na agụnye ebumnuche nke ịmepụta ọhịa nke 12,000 hekta kwa afọ site na 2020/21, 14,000 hekta site na 2022/23 na 15,000 hekta kwa shekara site na 2024/25. N'ime akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ebumnuche 2050 nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ka ukwuu site na osisi nke na enye aka na nchedo idei mmiri, mmelite ụdị dị iche iche na isi obodo nke mba ahụ.[3]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Smout (2007). A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-3294-7.
- ↑ Woodland expansion across Scotland. NatureScot. Retrieved on November 29, 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Draft Climate Change Plan: The draft third report on policies and proposals 2017-2032. Government of Scotland (January 2017).
- ↑ Forestry Commission. The Policy for Broadleaved Woodlands. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 1985.
- ↑ Oosthoek (2013). Conquering the Highlands : a history of the afforestation of the Scottish uplands. ANU E Press. ISBN 978-1-922144-79-9. OCLC 825017080.
- ↑ Newton (January 2001). "Current approaches to native woodland restoration in Scotland" (in en). Botanical Journal of Scotland 53 (2): 169–195. DOI:10.1080/03746600108685021. ISSN 1359-4869.
- ↑ Forestry Commission. Great Britain and England annual Report and Accounts2003-2004. Edinburgh : FC, 2004.
- ↑ Scottish Executive. The Scottish Forestry Strategy. Edinburgh : Forest Commission Scotland, 2006.
- ↑ Keane. "Greenhouse gas emissions target missed in Scotland", BBC News, June 11, 2019. Retrieved on December 2, 2019.
- ↑ Keane. "Scotland meets tree planting target for first time", BBC News, June 13, 2019. Retrieved on December 2, 2019.
- ↑ Scotland Forestry. Forestry Commission Scotland no longer exists. https://web.archive.org/web/20200312045730/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/. [Online] April 1, 2019. [Cited: December 1, 2019.] https://web.archive.org/web/20200312045730/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/.