Mmerụ ahụ a mụrụ ya

Tinye njikọ
Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

Mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ na-ezo aka na mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ nwatakịrị tupu, n'oge, ma ọ bụ ozugbo usoro ọmụmụ gasịrị. "Mmetụta ọmụmụ" na-ezo aka kpọmkwem na mmebi nke na-aga n'ihu n'oge ịmụ nwa (dị ka mmebi akwara na ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji).[1]

Enwere ike iji okwu ahụ bụ "mmerụ ọmụmụ" mee ihe n'ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche:

  1. ICD-10 na-eji "mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ" na "mmerụrụ ahụ ọmụmụ" n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ezo aka na mmerụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọmụmụ.
  2. ndị ọka iwu na-eji "mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ" na-ezo aka na mmerụ ahụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ e nwere n'oge ime, n'oge ịmụ nwa, ma ọ bụ ozugbo ịmụ nwa, gụnyere mmerụ ahụ nke mmerụ ahụ kpatara.

A ghaghị ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ na nkwarụ ọmụmụ. "Ọghọm ọmụmụ" na-ezo aka na mmebi nke na-eme mgbe nwa e bu n'afọ nọ n'afọ, nke nwere ike ibute site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ikpughe na nsí. E nwere ihe karịrị ụdị nkwarụ ọmụmụ puku anọ.[2]

Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrụ siri ike (dystocia)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrụ siri ike, nke a makwaara dị ka dystocia ma ọ bụ ọrụ mgbochi, na-eme mgbe nwatakịrị ahụ enweghị ike ịgafe n'ụzọ dị mfe site na ọwa ọmụmụ. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu nwa ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ n'ahụ n'ahụ, ọkachasị nkwonkwo nkwonkwo gbajiri agbaji na mmebi nke akwara brachial plexus. Ọ pụkwara ịnapụ nwa ahụ ikuku oxygen ka a na-ejide eriri umbilical, nke nwere ike imebi ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ.[3]

Ọrụ siri ike nwere ike ime n'ihi na nwa ahụ buru oke ibu (macrosomia), n'ihi n'ihi nde pelvis ma ọ bụ ọwara ọmụmụ dị obere ma ọ bụ nwere nkwarụ, ma ọ bụ n'ihi ne nwa ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma maka ọmụmụ (dị ka breech ma ọ bụ transverse prezenteshọn).[4]

Ihe ndị na-akpata ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nsogbu nwa e bu n'afọ na mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ nwere ike ime n'ihi ikpughe na nsị gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka mercury ma ọ bụ ọta.[5] Ọtụtụ ọgwụ nwekwara ike imetụta uto nke nwa e bu n'afọ, dịka mmanya na-aba n'anya, ụtaba, na ọgwụ ọjọọ.[6]

Lee nsị gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe nwa ọhụrụ. Lee Ọgwụ n'ime ime.

Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ike ịkpata nkwarụ dịgasị iche iche nke nwa e bu n'afọ, site na egbugbere ọnụ dị nro ruo nkwarụ siri ike na ọbụna nke na-egbu egbu.

Ọrịa njé[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwere ike ibute ọrịa nne na nwa e bu n'afọ; a na-akpọ nke a ọrịa a na-ebute n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Nwa e bu n'afọ nwere usoro ahụike na-adịghị ike, yabụ ọrịa ndị dị obere n'ime ndị okenye nwere ike ịdị njọ na nwa e bu n"afọ na-eto eto. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ nnyocha na-atụ aro na ọrịa nne na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu neurodevelopmental, gụnyere schizophrenia, n'ime nwatakịrị.[7]

Intrauterine hypoxia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Intrauterine hypoxia, ma ọ bụ enweghị ikuku oxygen n'afọ, nwere ike imebi ụbụrụ dị egwu n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ. Ọ na-emekarị n'ihi mmebi ma ọ bụ nkwarụ nke eriri umbilical ma ọ bụ placenta. Intrauterine hypoxia nwere ike ịkpata mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ, gụnyere ọrịa ụbụrụ na nsogbu ndị ọzọ nke akwara na nke uche.[8]

Nsogbu ahụike nne[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nsogbu ụfọdụ nke ahụike nne nwere ike ịkpata mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ. Ọrịa shuga dị n'ime ime nwere ike ịkpata ọmụmụ tupu oge eruo, macrosomia, ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ.[9]

Nsogbu ime[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nsogbu ndị dị ka placenta previa, abruption placental, Placenta accreta, Placenta Retorn, Placental insufficiency, Placentel infarcts, anemia, na preeclampsia nwere ike igbochi inye oxygen na ihe oriri na nwa e bu n'afọ, na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke nkwarụ ọmụmụ dịkwuo elu. Ọnọdụ ndị siri ike nwere ike igbu nwa e bu n'afọ.[10]

Ụdị mmerụ ahụ a na-ahụkarị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmerụ ahụ brachial plexus[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Brachial plexus bụ plexus nke akwara nke dị n'etiti olu na axilla ma na-achịkwa mmegharị nke ogwe aka na aka. Enwere ike ịgbatị plexus brachial ma mebie ya n'oge nnyefe siri ike. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị obere, akwara na-agbake ma jiri aka na ogwe aka mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike karị, nwatakịrị ahụ nwere ike ịnwe mmerụ ahụ na-adịgide adịgide ma nwee ike ọ gaghị eji ubu, ogwe aka, ma ọ bụ aka eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Mmerụ ahụ brachial plexus na-eme na ụmụaka 1-3 n'ime otu puku a mụrụ dị ndụ.[11]

ÑLee ọrịa nkwarụ Erb na ọrịa nkwarụrụ Klumpke.

Mmerụ ụbụrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike imebi ụbụrụ, gụnyere nkwarụ nwa n'ihi mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ikpughe na nsí, hypoxia intrauterine, ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ n'oge ịmụ nwa.[12]

Cerebral paralysis bụ otu ihe atụ nke mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ na-eme tupu ma ọ bụ n'oge ịmụ nwa; a na-achọpụta ihe dị ka ụmụaka puku iri na-arịa ọrịa ụbụrụ kwa afọ.[13]

Ịgba ụja[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nkwado siri ike nwere ike ibute mmerụ ahụ, ọkachasị n'isi na ihu, site na nrụgide megide pelvis nke nne ma ọ bụ nrụgide nke forceps ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ikuku (lee ventouse) eji eme ọmụmụ.[14]

Ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji nwere ike ime n'oge ọmụmụ siri ike. Ọkpụkpụ nkwonkwo olu bụ mmerụ ahụ a na-ahụkarị mgbe a mụrụ ya.[15]

Ọrịa nke Meconium aspiration[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu Iwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ha anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mgbe nkwupụta iwu na-apụta, ikpe mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ bụ akụkụ nke ikpe na-adịghị mma. Nkwupụta iwu sitere na ikpe mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ na-achọkarị ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ụgwọ ahụike metụtara mmerụ ahụ, gụnyere nkwado ọgwụgwọ na ahụike na-aga n'ihu maka nwatakịrị ahụ.

Iji merie n'okwu ikpe nke mmerụ ahụ ọmụmụ, onye gbara akwụkwọ ga-egosi (1) na onye na-ahụ maka nlekọta ahụike ji nwatakịrị ahụ ụgwọ, (2) na onye na'ahụ maka nlekọta ọgwụ mebiri ọrụ ahụ site n'ịghara iru ụkpụrụ nlekọta a nabatara, (3) na nwatakịrị nwere mmerụ ahụ nke onye na-elekọta ahụ kpatara mmebi ọrụ nwatakịrị, na (4) nwatakịrị nwetara mmerụ ahụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ. Ihe anọ niile ga-adị ka onye gbara akwụkwọ wee merie.[16]

Ebemsi dee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Laroia (2 February 2015). Birth Trauma. MedScape. WebMD LLC. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  2. ↑ Birth Defects. Kids Health. Nemours. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  3. ↑ James (28 October 2009). Brain and Behaviour Problems. AboutKidsHealth. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Kancherla (26 June 2012). "Birth-related femoral fracture in newborns: risk factors and management". Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 6 (3): 177–180. DOI:10.1007/s11832-012-0412-4. PMID 23814617. 
  5. ↑ Roberts (31 December 2009). Toxic Effects of Lead and Mercury. MedScape. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  6. ↑ NICHD Research Seeks Clues into the Causes of Alcohol- and Drug-Related Birth Defects. NIH. National Institutes of Health (27 June 2012). Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  7. ↑ Urakubo (15 January 2001). "Prenatal exposure to maternal infection alters cytokine expression in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain". Schizophrenia Research 47 (1): 27–36. DOI:10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00032-3. PMID 11163542. Retrieved on 13 December 2017. 
  8. ↑ Gunn (2009). "Fetal hypoxia insults and patterns of brain injury: insights from animal models". Clin Perinatol 36 (3): 579–93. DOI:10.1016/j.clp.2009.06.007. PMID 19732615. 
  9. ↑ Meconium aspiration. March of Dimes (21 September 2010). Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  10. ↑ Pregnancy Complications. Center for Disease Control (17 June 2016). Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  11. ↑ Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy. Boston Children's Hospital. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  12. ↑ Hagberg (August 2016). "Perinatal brain damage: The term infant". Neurobiology of Disease 92 (Pt A): 102–112. DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.011. PMID 26409031. 
  13. ↑ Data & Statistics for Cerebral Palsy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2 May 2016). Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  14. ↑ Recovering from an assisted birth Approved. BabyCentre (July 2015). Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  15. ↑ Newborn Clavicle Fractures. Nationwide Children's. Nationwide Children's Hospital. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved on 13 December 2017.
  16. ↑ Bal (26 November 2008). "An Introduction to Medical Malpractice in the United States". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 467 (2): 339–347. DOI:10.1007/s11999-008-0636-2. PMID 19034593. 
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mmerụ_ahụ_a_mụrụ_ya&oldid=165717